{"product_id":"feet-and-footwear-in-indian-culture-naj920","title":"Feet and Footwear In Indian Culture","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAJ920\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/ar\/book-author\/jutta%20jain%20neubauer\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Jutta Jain-Neubauer\"\u003eJutta Jain-Neubauer\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/ar\/book-publisher\/mapin%20publishing%20pvt%20ltd\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd.\"\u003eMapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2000\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9788185822693\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e172 (Throughout Color Illustrations)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e11.0 inch x 9.0 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e1.20 kg\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cmeta content=\"text\/html; charset=windows-1252\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\"\u003e \u003cmeta content=\"Word.Document\" name=\"ProgId\"\u003e \u003cmeta content=\"Microsoft Word 12\" name=\"Generator\"\u003e \u003cmeta content=\"Microsoft Word 12\" name=\"Originator\"\u003e \u003clink 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defpriority=\"99\" latentstylecount=\"267\"\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"0\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Normal\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 7\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 8\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 9\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 7\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 8\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 9\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"35\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"caption\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"10\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Title\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"1\" name=\"Default Paragraph Font\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"11\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Subtitle\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"22\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Strong\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"20\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"59\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Table Grid\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Placeholder Text\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"1\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"No Spacing\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Revision\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"34\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"List Paragraph\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"29\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Quote\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"30\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Intense Quote\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 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qformat=\"true\" name=\"Book Title\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"37\" name=\"Bibliography\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"TOC Heading\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003c\/latentstyles\u003e \u003c\/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003cstyle type=\"text\/css\"\u003e 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\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e \u003cstyle\u003e \/* Style Definitions *\/ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:\"\"; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";} \u003c\/style\u003e \u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e \u003cshapedefaults v:ext=\"edit\" spidmax=\"4098\"\u003e\u003c\/shapedefaults\u003e \u003c\/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e \u003cshapelayout v:ext=\"edit\"\u003e \u003cidmap v:ext=\"edit\" data=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/idmap\u003e \u003c\/shapelayout\u003e\u003c\/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"WordSection1\"\u003e \u003cp align=\"center\" class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font- weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt\"\u003eAbout the Book\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt\"\u003eInnumerable references to the foot and to foot worship in Indian culture convey the impression that the foot is regarded as an important part of the human body. The foot is usually the part of the body that is venerated; the feet of elders are worshipped by the younger generation the feet of idols by their devotees; the feet of innocent persons by wrongdoers seeking forgiveness. There is also the romantic attachment towards the beloved’s foot. It was in this context that Indian miniature painting, drama and poetry referred to men treasuring the touch of the foot of their beloved. Until half a century, since the ascetic Hindu, Buddhist and Jain sects were not generally permitted the worldly luxury of footwear.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt\"\u003eThe religious and historical significance of feet and footwear in Indian art and culture are presented in this book, which was inspired by The Bata Shoe Museum Foundation. The richness and variety of ancient and traditional footwear are lavishly illustrated, with outstanding examples of the typical toe-knob sandals worn by mendicants and holy men and the beautifully embroidered shoes of the wealthy. Rare information on footwear has been culled from the lesser-known Buddhist and Jain sources concerning the traditions and regulations governing the monastic life of monks.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt\"\u003eAs part of the research, the Foundation organized field trips to various parts of India to document the making of some of the most traditional footwear types created by village craftsmen. Patterns and decorative treatment were studied and photographed. Examples include the making of leather \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eChappals\u003c\/span\u003e in \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eKohlapur\u003c\/span\u003e; embroidered \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003ejuttis\u003c\/span\u003e in Jodhpur. Indo-\u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eTibetian\u003c\/span\u003e felt boots in Sikkim and vegetable fibre shoes in \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eLadakh\u003c\/span\u003e.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp align=\"center\" class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font- weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt\"\u003eAbout the Author\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font- weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font- size:12.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eJutta\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e Jain-\u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eNeubauer\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt\"\u003eborn in Austria in \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt\"\u003e1951, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt\"\u003estudied \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eIndology\u003c\/span\u003e and Indian art history in Heidelberg and Bonn (Germany). She holds a Ph.D. in Indian art history with a thesis on \"The \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eStepwells\u003c\/span\u003e of Gujarat in art-historical perspective\" (New Delhi, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt\"\u003e1980). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt\"\u003eFrom \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt\"\u003e1978 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt\"\u003eto \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt\"\u003e1982, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt\"\u003eshe was involved in a project related to the conservation of ancient monuments in \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eAhmedabad\u003c\/span\u003e and other locations in Gujarat. Under a research project sponsored by the Feodor-Lynen programme of the Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation, she studied the relationship of ancient architectural texts (\u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eshilpashastras\u003c\/span\u003e) with the structural form of temple architecture in Western India.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt\"\u003eHer books include: The \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eStepwells\u003c\/span\u003e of Gujarat in art-historical perspective (New Delhi, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt\"\u003e1980), \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt\"\u003eThe Ramayana in \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003ePahri\u003c\/span\u003e Painting (\u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eAhmedabad\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt\"\u003e1981), \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font- size:11.0pt\"\u003eDer\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003ePfau\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt\"\u003ein \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eder\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eWuste\u003c\/span\u003e (in German about costumes and textile of the \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eThar\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003edesert\u003c\/span\u003e area, Stuttgart, 1992. She has written articles dealing with subjects such as wall paintings in Gujarat, \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003ePahari\u003c\/span\u003e miniature painting woodcarving, narrative picture scrolls, and Indian textiles.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp align=\"center\" class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font- weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font- size:12.0pt\"\u003ePreface\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eThe Indian subcontinent with its vast size and diversity has fascinated me all my life. My parents first travelled to India from Switzerland in 1936, when I was a young child. As was the custom at that time, they went by ship to Bombay and visited various pans of India by chartered railway carriage. The photographs and stories they brought back made a deep impression on me and I dreamed of visiting the wonderful, colourful places they depicted and of learning about the ancient, rich and mysterious cultures of India.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eLittle did I realise that later in life I would have many opportunities to visit the region, not as a student or tourist, but on business. In 1946, I married Thomas Bata, whose family had expanded their international footwear enterprise to the Indian subcontinent already before the Second World War. Since I have always taken an active interest in the business, I have been a frequent visitor.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eDuring our early travels, most people, particularly in the South, went barefoot. Our challenge was to make and sell quality footwear at an affordable price. In an effort to gain an insight into the different customs and traditions of the diverse markets, we visited many parts of India, including not only large cities, but also a great number of small communities.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eWe discovered that to fully understand the business environment, we also had to study the cultural history. Within the subcontinent, the boundaries between many cultures, whether influenced by language, religion, politics or economics, are far from\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:normal\"\u003e \u003cspan style='font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eclear-cut\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e. Over thousands of years, diversity has flourished and people have refused to conform and restrain their creativity. This has sometimes resulted in conflict and \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eoppression,\u003c\/span\u003e bur for the most part different people have lived alongside each other in harmony over long periods. They have mingled and separated, weaving a rich tapestry. People on the Indian subcontinent have always formed a predominantly rural society. Strength and resilience seems to be founded on countless village \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt\"\u003ecommunities. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eTraditions are vital and preserved or reinterpreted by each generation, so that society continuously reshapes and rediscovers itself.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eIt was during one of my early trips to India, shortly after Independence, that I collected a pair of roe knob sandals, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;mso-bidi- font-style: italic\"\u003epadukas\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003ebecause the unique shape intrigued me. Later in life, I collected more and more indigenous shoes from various parts of the world. My collection finally led to the establishment of the Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto which, according to the latest Guinness Book of Records, has the largest shoe collection in the world.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eI particularly focused on the special meaning of feet in various cultures. Feet are sometimes considered to be the most humble, and at the same time, the most revered part of the human body. Moreover, to document traditional types of footwear proved to be a challenging task, because of the great variety of different traditions and social practices from region to region, town to town, and village to village.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eIt is with special pride that our Museum is sponsoring the publication of this book. Several people were instrumental in assisting us with research. In 1998 we established an Advisory Council under the chairmanship of \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eMartand\u003c\/span\u003e Singh, Chairman of INTACH (Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage). Other members of the Advisory Council were Dr B.N. \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eGoswamy\u003c\/span\u003e, the renowned historian, Dr \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eJyotindra\u003c\/span\u003e Jain, senior Director of the Crafts Museum, Dr \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eJutta\u003c\/span\u003e Jain-\u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eNeubauer\u003c\/span\u003e, an art historian, Mr Kumar Singh, and Mr \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eJaswant\u003c\/span\u003e Singh, an executive of Bara India Limited.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eDr \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003ejutta\u003c\/span\u003e Jain-\u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eNeubauer\u003c\/span\u003e undertook to write the manuscript. Mr \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eJaswant\u003c\/span\u003e Singh, with the help of Bara India Limited, coordinated the fieldwork in India. At the Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto, we researched all the \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eartifacts\u003c\/span\u003e and assisted with the writing of the third chapter on Traditional Indian Footwear in the Modern Period. Based on our research, we organized an exhibition of outstanding items at the Bata Shoe Museum. I am particularly grateful to John Vollmer of Vollmer Cultural Partnerships Inc., who acted as our project co-ordinator, and also Julia Pine, our acting curator, for their tremendous assistance and tireless work, which were essential to the success of this endeavour.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003eThrough the study of the role of feet and footwear in the past and present, we hope to contribute in our specific field to the knowledge of the traditions and customs of this rich and complex subcontinent, which has been the home of a fifth of all humanity.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp align=\"center\" class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font- weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font- size:9.5pt\"\u003eIntroduction\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eThere are innumerable references to feet and feet worship in Indian literature. The religious and cultural significance of feet in the Indian tradition is unique. The \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003efeet are considered to be sacred and therefore objects\u003c\/span\u003e of veneration: the feet of elders are worshipped by the younger generation, the feet of religious teachers and holy men and women by their followers, the feet of idols by their devotees, and the feet of those from whom a wrongdoer seeks forgiveness.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eAlmost paradoxically, the sentiment of humility and sub-\u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003emissiveness\u003c\/span\u003e evoking the emotions of awe, respect, and adoration are rooted in the idea that feet are the humblest, most impure, and polluting part of the body, and therefore may command respect by those who surrender their ego to the venerable. The \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003ebrahminic\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e belief that the steps and shadow of an outcaste should be avoided as they bring bad luck, is also rooted in the same notion of humbleness of feet. Connected too with this sense of surrender and humility, is the romantic sentiment associated with the beloved's feet as glorified in literature. The lover admires them by caressing them as a demonstration of his ultimate devotion to her and vice versa. It was in this context that Indian painting, drama, and poetry referred to men treasuring the touch of the foot of their beloved, and women lavishing great cosmetic attention to their feet and adorning them with as much care as they would take to beautify their face. The tender foot then becomes the symbol of affection and sensual desire, and plays an effective role in love-play. Radha sitting at the god Krishna's feet; Krishna gently massaging \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eRadha's\u003c\/span\u003e feet; or the delightful story of the callow Brahmin who, when his head was touched by the foot of a courtesan in love-play, seeks to receive exoneration from this \"pollution\", and ends up as the butt of ridicule, are examples of the unique significance that feet enjoy in the Indian amorous imagination. These as well as the romantic and erotic symbolic connotations of painting or tattooing the feet, using toe-rings, anklets, and other forms of foot adornment and the associated love poetry; the sounds of footfalls; the soft thud of bare feet; silent steps in the dark of night; the tapping sound of wooden sandals; the jingling of ankle bells; the rhythm of dance; the magical power of the foot of the goddess; and the religious significance of footprints are the themes elaborated in this book. Indigenous words for 'footprint', 'feet', with both their etymological and secondary meanings, as well as a range of references to feet and ankle ornaments, have been traced right from the period of the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u003eRig Veda \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e(c. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.0pt\"\u003e4000 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eB.C.) through the classical Sanskrit literature, mediaeval poetry, and contemporary living practices, and are discussed in the context of their deeper cultural meanings and usages in Part I.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003ePart II provides a historical outline of footwear in India. Rare information has been culled from lesser-known Buddhist and \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eJaina\u003c\/span\u003e sources relating to the rules and regulations governing the life of monks. These canons forbade the use of certain impure materials or certain provocative types of footwear, implying thereby that these were fashionable in then contemporary society. Other important sources that have been consulted are the accounts of Chinese, Arabic, and European travellers who often described vividly and in great detail the manners and customs of the Indian people in given periods, including their clothing and footwear. Sculpture and paintings too serve as clear mirrors reflecting the social and cultural practices of the respective periods and shed much light on feet and footwear. Lastly, the collections of traditional Indian footwear, foremost among these from the Bata Shoe Museum, put together over the past few decades, are of great significance for reconstruction of what the picture of richness and variety of ancient Indian footwear that might have been and the customs relating to them.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eIt deals with the preparation of hide and leather as raw material for making shoes and other accessories and examines the complex structure of caste composition in India where leather workers, such as flayers, tanners, furriers, and shoemakers, were considered outcastes and untouchables. Part \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi- font-weight: bold\"\u003eIII \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font- size:9.5pt\"\u003eelaborates the contemporary customs of shoemaking in India.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eIt was a common practice in most of rural India, until half a century ago, to walk barefoot, and therefore it would not be an exaggeration to generally describe India as a \"barefoot country\". However, shoes were worn for protection of feet against severe climatic or topographic conditions in certain northern mountainous regions of the country. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u003eIn \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eall likelihood, the Indian aristocracy may have developed already a taste for footwear in the early centuries of the Christian era, as is evident from the sculpture of the period. The possibility of origin of several styles and genres of footwear having been rooted in the fusion of indigenous traditions and \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eGraeco\u003c\/span\u003e Roman and \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eKushana\u003c\/span\u003e influences of the time cannot be overlooked. Apparently, under Mughal influence, the use of a variety of footwear, especially among the upper classes, became a norm. The ascetics of the Hindu, Buddhist and \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eJaina\u003c\/span\u003e sects were not generally permitted the worldly luxury of footwear, but to prevent contact with any ritually impure substances they were allowed to use footwear made from wood or other such \"purer\" materials. Footwear of divine personages was the vehicle of the dust of their holy feet and as such was considered to be worthy of veneration. This idea led to the practice of worshipping holy men and divinities not in the form of their anthropomorphic image but by their symbolic representation in the form of their footwear.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eNonetheless, over the course of centuries, a rich variety of footwear was created in India, and this included sandals, \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003ebabouches\u003c\/span\u003e, mules, slippers, shoes, boots, socks and stockings. These were made from a number of raw materials such as cow, buffalo or goat hide, silk, wool or cotton fibre and, various grasses. The very typical Indian toe-knob sandals, known as \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font- style:italic\"\u003epaduka\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003ewere made of such materials as wood, ivory, brass, silver, semi-precious stone such as jade, or a combination of these. Shoes were embellished with a great sense of aesthetics and designed in a number of ways including embroidery, \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003eapplique\u003c\/span\u003e work, inlay of precious stones, silver or gold brocade, and \u003cspan class=\"SpellE\"\u003etasselling\u003c\/span\u003e. The reason for this abundance and variety may lie in the enormous diversity of climatic conditions, ethnic and cultural traditions, ritual conventions, and exposure to the outside world through voyages and trade. These factors, perhaps in combination, catalyzed the development of the plethora of types and variations of footwear that were and are to be found all over India.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eAs we have noted earlier, shoes were not worn daily, but only on particular occasions. Indeed, a major part of India enjoys a warm climate for most of the year and therefore there is hardly an absolute necessity to wear shoes to protect the feet against extreme climatic conditions such as ice and snow as is the case in many other parts of the world. The utilitarian and functional aspect of the shoe and footwear is thus, to a degree, replaced in the Indian context by a religious, ritual, symbolic, ceremonial, or allegorical value.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eOnly in some regions of India, such as the hilly northern and north-eastern regions, are produced, to this day, a variety of shoes, boots, and socks made of leather, wool, or vegetable fibre or mixed materials, that are delightfully patterned and, besides being decorative, protect the feet against the extreme climatic conditions there. The north-eastern regions of the upper Himalayan mountains are renowned for their innovative manufacture of footwear made of grasses or reeds, sometimes in combination with felt, wool, or jute, which are ideally suited for to the damp climate and serve as protection against the biting cold of the high mountain regions.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003eThe book, first of its kind, traces the history of Indian footwear from ancient times to date through literary and archaeological sources, taking into account their materials, techniques, typologies, religious and social significance, and cross-cultural influences.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eContents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80%\"\u003ePreface\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePART 1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe Foot in Indian Culture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePART 2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAncient Footwear and Types of Shoes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTraditional Hide, Leather, and Leather Workers in India\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e118\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePART 3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTraditional Indian Footwear in the Modern Period\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e124\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMap\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e170\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePhoto Credits\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e171\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj920m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default 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