{"product_id":"introduction-to-history-of-science-in-india-nag101","title":"Introduction to History of Science in India","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAG101\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/ar\/book-author\/prof%20a%20k%20sharma%20ed\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Prof. A.K.Sharma (ED.)\"\u003eProf. A.K.Sharma (ED.)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/ar\/book-publisher\/the%20national%20academy%20of%20science%20india%20nasi%20the%20ramakrishna%20mission%20institute%20of%20culture\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"The National Academy of Science, India (Nasi) \u0026amp; The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture\"\u003eThe National Academy of Science, India (Nasi) \u0026amp; The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2015\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789381325216\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e232 (24 Color Illustrations)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.5 inch X 7.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e750 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e I am indeed happy that the National Academy of Science, India has decided to sponsor the publication by the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture of ‘Introduction to History of Science in India’ –a multivolume series commenmorating the centenary of Indian Science Congress Association and sesquicentennial Birth Anniversary of Swami Vivekananda—one of the principal initiators of Institutional Science in India. This series , of which the present one is and introduction, I understand, would start with our science heritage followed by its growth in successive phases culminating in the present challenges, written in a language meant for the common readers.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e I sincerely hope that this commendable venture would indeed generate interest and awareness of all concerned towards the basic objectives of Science—the search for eternal truth, enrichment of knowledge and alleviation of misery of the humanity as a whole.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The present volume provides with a glimpse of a few of our revered scientists who laid the foundation of modern science and explored new horizons in the field.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e I wish the venture a grand success.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The year 2013 marks the initiation of the centenary of the Indian Science. Congress Association, the first session of which was held in 1914, and was presided over by Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, a noted mathematician and the then Vice Chancellor, University of Calcutta, in British India. Incidentally, the year 2013 coincides with the 150th year of Swami Vivekananda whose thoughts also coincided with the beginning of Science Renaissance in Modern India. In fact the initiative of Swami Vivekananda led to the establishment of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore through the generous donation of Sir Jamshedji Tata.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e In order to commemorate these historic events, coupled with the fact that our Hon 'ble Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh declared the year 2011 as the 'Year of Science', and declared 'Science and Technology for the future', as the theme of this Congress. Later, Science Academies in India called a meeting to discuss in detail the Prime Minister's message. It was proposed, along with other programmes, to bring out a comprehensive but easily understandable treatise for the general readers covering the 'History of Science in India'.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The National Academy of Sciences, India (NASI), Allahabad, decided to collaborate with, and entrust the preparation of this treatise spreading over different volumes, to Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata in view of their legacy of Swami Vivekananda; and also in view of their established experience in publishing such treatises as 'Cultural Heritage of India' in several volumes, among which one is entirely devoted to science.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The contents of the proposed volumes of 'History of Science in India' would cover the status of Science and Technology in India through successive phases of growth, the first phase covering:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e i. Science in the historic past (but not prehistoric), such as the era of Aryabhatta, Charaka and Susruta, amongst others. In other words, this phase serves as an index of the legacy of Indian Science from the recent past.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e ii. The second phase, the Renaissance Phase, includes the past 100 years or more of our scientific achievements, including the pre-Renaissance period. This phase covers the regime of the East India Company and colonial rule as well as a large number of scientists from Britain such as Sir Ronald Ross, William Carey, J. D. Hooker, Albert Howard, R. B. Seymour Sewell, N. Annandale, Sir Sidney Burrard, I. D. Simonsen, William Roxburgh and others people, who came to India to serve in different capacities in the government. During their stay, they not only served as torch bearers of Science but also created the infrastructure of science in several areas in the then British India, and became associated with the Indian Science Congress Association. It would be relevant to note too that Sir Lewis Leigh Fermor served as the first President of INSA in 1935, then termed as the National Institute of Sciences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e iii. The final or third phase would deal with the strategies adopted through Science and Technology in facing the present day challenges in life, such as hunger, diseases, pollution, education and other problems related to our existence. In fact, it is called 'Contemporary Science'.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The entire series starts with the present volume 'History of Science in India: An Introduction', which begins with an article on Swami Vivekananda's scientific temper and understanding of science. It covers also only the contributions, in brief, of some of the Indian scientists of the Renaissance phase. These savants of science were responsible for laying the foundations of modern science through their original contributions, discoveries, formulation of basic theories, as well as for building up schools of research, institutes, councils of research and science departments in this subcontinent. This volume, in fact, serves as a supplement to the Second Phase, that is, the Renaissance Period.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e In this volume, only a few Indian scientists have been included, who, in addition to their eminence and contributions, established the science departments or institutes and\/or were conferred on very high distinctions by the Academies and Associations of both India and abroad.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e In order to meet the criteria listed above, the names of several doyens of science and their contributions during the Renaissance phase could not be included in this brief introductory volume much as we had wished it. But their contributions, in detail, would be dealt with in the respective subject-volumes of this series.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003econtents\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80%\"\u003e Publisher's Note\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e v\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Foreword\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e vii\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Preface\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e ix\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Swami Vevekananda-His Scientific Temper And Understanding of Science\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Jagadis Chandra Bose\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 20\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Homi Bhabha\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 32\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 4\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e C.V. Raman\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 37\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Meghnad Saha\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 43\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Satyendranath Bose\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 59\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 7\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Sisir Kr. Mitra\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 74\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 8\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Srinivasa Ramanujan\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 82\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 9\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 89\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 10\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e U.N. Brahmachari\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 96\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 11\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e S.N. Dey\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 104\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 12\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Colonel Ram Nath Chopra\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 114\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 13\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Mahendralal Sircar\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 121\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 14\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Prafulla Chandra Ray\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 130\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 15\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e T.R. Seshadri\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 138\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 16\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 143\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 17\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Birbal Sahni\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 149\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 18\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Panchanan Maheshwari\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 156\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 19\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Baini Prasad\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 164\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 20\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Sunder Lal Hora\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 170\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 21\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Benjamin Peary Pal\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 176\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 22\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e W.D. West\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 186\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 23\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Darashaw Nosherwanji Wadia\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 191\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 24\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Pramathanath Bose\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 197\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 25\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e M. Visvesvaraya\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 205\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 26\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e G.N. Ramachandran\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 210\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 27\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Bires Chandra Guha\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 221\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 28\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e M.K. 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