{"title":"Mystical India Books","description":"\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eMystical India Books\u003c\/span\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"shishya-vasishtam-2-parts-in-1-book-uba437","title":"शिष्यवासिष्ठम्- Shishya Vasishtam (2 Parts in 1 Book)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBA437\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/p%20t%20g%20v%20rangacharyulu%20nagvar%20prasad%20rao%20chandrapati%20and%20shreyas%20dwivedi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"P.T.G.V. Rangacharyulu, Nagvar Prasad Rao Chandrapati and Shreyas Dwivedi\"\u003eP.T.G.V. Rangacharyulu, Nagvar Prasad Rao Chandrapati and Shreyas Dwivedi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/manyata%20prakashan%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Manyata Prakashan, Delhi\"\u003eManyata Prakashan, Delhi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHindi, Sanskrit and English\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2019\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9788193648230\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e211\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.00 X 6.00 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e410 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437l.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437m.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437n.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba437o.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577137426733,"sku":"UBA437","price":31.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uba437.jpg?v=1677420077"},{"product_id":"sri-rama-kirti-mahakavyam-with-english-translation-mzf471","title":"श्रीरामकीर्तिमहाकाव्यम् - Sri Rama Kirti Mahakavyam (With English Translation)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eMZF471\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/satya%20vrat%20shastri\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Satya Vrat Shastri\"\u003eSatya Vrat Shastri\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/shivalik%20prakashan\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Shivalik Prakashan\"\u003eShivalik Prakashan\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Text With Englsh Translation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2020\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789387195875\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e358\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.00 X 5.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e650 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471n.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471o.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471p.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471q.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471r.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471s.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471t.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471u.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471v.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471w.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471x.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471y.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471z.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471aa.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471ab.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzf471ac.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577321156909,"sku":"MZF471","price":46.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/mzf471.jpg?v=1677423251"},{"product_id":"practical-hindi-english-dictionary-nzm492","title":"व्यावहारिक हिंदी-अंग्रेजी कोश: Practical Hindi-English Dictionary","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZM492\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/badri%20nath%20kapoor\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Badri Nath Kapoor\"\u003eBadri Nath Kapoor\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/prabhat%20prakashan%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Prabhat Prakashan, Delhi\"\u003ePrabhat Prakashan, Delhi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHindi Text With English Translation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2018\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789386300867\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e992\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.00 X 5.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e1 kg\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm492m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577324761389,"sku":"NZM492","price":52.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nzm492.jpg?v=1677423282"},{"product_id":"hindi-english-dictionary-nzm903","title":"हिन्दी शब्दकोश : Hindi-English Dictionary","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZM903\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/dr%20shyam%20bahadur%20verma\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Dr. Shyam Bahadur Verma\"\u003eDr. Shyam Bahadur Verma\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/prabhat%20prakashan%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Prabhat Prakashan, Delhi\"\u003ePrabhat Prakashan, Delhi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHindi\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2014\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789350484791\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1510\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.50 X 7.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e2.10 kg\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzm903m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577325351213,"sku":"NZM903","price":73.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nzm903.jpg?v=1677423306"},{"product_id":"shoonya-ghar-uah914","title":"शून्य घर- Shoonya Ghar","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUAH914\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/sudarshan%20shetty\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Sudarshan Shetty\"\u003eSudarshan Shetty\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/national%20gallery%20of%20modern%20art\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"National Gallery of Modern Art\"\u003eNational Gallery of Modern Art\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHindi and English\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2016\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e114 (Throughout Color Illustrations)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e10.00 X 7.00 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e590 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e Sudarshan Shetty in this exhibition Shoonya Ghar employs philosophical means rather than traditional elements to re-contextualize his creative strategies in varied forms. His engagement with the word Shoonya does not merely imply nothingness but encapsulates and encompasses the concept of everything. Diverse elements co-exist and merge. Different components including spaces, architecture, sound, video, visuals, all come together to make a statement. The aesthetics of abundance leads way for an experience of emptiness. This approach also explores the possibilities of achieving an experience by weighing and balancing of seeming contradictions. Cautiously choreographed and oscillating between the two worlds, the work unfolds with a sense of minimal, through an investigation into mutually inclusive aspects that may appear diverse. \u003cp\u003e Sudarshan looks at traditional sensibilities with a sense of contemporaneity and openness. Looking back becomes a way of looking forward. Through his work, the artist attempts to bridge the fundamental disconnect between tradition and the modern. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The inspiration, the imagery and the music aid in achieving the desired connectivity. The architectural orchestrisation which is under construction showcased in the video is an integral part of the exhibition. Various characters embodying different life roles play their part with their respective entries and exits while the built space and the surrounding terrain remain as witness to the transient human life. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShakespeare's famous words come to one's mind while experiencing the video, ... The entire world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts ... \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Sudarshan Shetty's constructed installation Shoonya Ghar is based on the idea propagated by the Nirgun poetry of the it century poet Goraknath. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e ... Shunya Cadh Shlihar Shahar Char Basti Kon suta kon jage hai... \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The work explores the basic structure of paradoxes and apparent contradictions. The simplicity projected through these fragments of everyday life attempts to decode traditions and beliefs. The video commences a musical composition in simultaneity with architectural orchestrisation. The constructed installation, the music and the performance co- exist parallel to each other. The visuals of the video allude to the humility of manmade creations in contrast to the magnanimity of nature. Memory of things stemming from the sub conscious mind is equally explored. The sequence of events are deliberately sporadic, leaving the task of key connections and associations open for multiple and layered interpretations. The combination of incongruous elements reveals the meaning. However, the viewer is always kept at a calculated distance from the characters to maintain the 'Objectivity of the unfolding events. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eBook's Contents and Sample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914l.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914m.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914n.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914o.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uah914p.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577342718253,"sku":"UAH914","price":62.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uah914.jpg?v=1677423575"},{"product_id":"maraphat-sagar-eternal-recognition-aze254","title":"मारफत सागर- Maraphat Sagar (The Eternal Recognition)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eAZE254\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/raj%20kumar%20arora\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Raj Kumar Arora\"\u003eRaj Kumar Arora\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/shri%20prannath%20mission%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"SHRI PRANNATH MISSION, DELHI\"\u003eSHRI PRANNATH MISSION, DELHI\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHINDI TEXT WITH TRANSLITERATION AND ENGLISH TRANSLATION\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789382904199\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e282\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.00x5.50 inches\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e340 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout The Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The followers of all religious believe that the rituals and path of worship, as prescribed in their holy books, lead to spiritual awakening. Ritualism means observing certain laid down rules in order to live in harmony with the surroundings and self, and devotions represents the understanding of these rules besides practicing them. Mahamati Prannath has extended this view further and postulated that rational approach to religion is to attain highest level of spiritual awakening, Called maaraphat, which is possible by understanding of the cause of every action. Self-realization is an advanced stage of spiritual life where one comes to know the truth of one's own existence.\u003cbr\u003e According to Mahamati the self-realization shall generate enlightenment among the people of the entire world and remove increasing conflicts between the various religions thereby creating an atmosphere of peace. tranquillity and happiness for everyone. He has lald Foundation for setting up a Universal Religion based on the Integral knowledge of Tartam Gyan of self awakening. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn the entire collection of 14 books in Tartam Vani (also called Kuljam Saroop) there are two books with the word SAAGAR (meaning ocean) in their titles. The book named SAAGAR contains a vivid account of eight oceans of Paramdham (the Supreme Abode) related to the virtues of the supreme power based upon the metaphysical experiences of divinity and faith. The book under consideration here, Maaraphat Saagar, is focussed upon the subject of ocean of spiritual enlightenment leading to direct communication with Him. Here Mahamati Prannath has dealt with the important subject of complete recognition of the Lord Supreme appropriate to its title. The verses of this book ascended during the period 1748-51 V S i.e. till the day of departure of Mahamati from this perishable world. During the stay of last 11 years of his life at Panna (Padmavati Puri Dham) discourses were conducted by Mahamati twice every day in the morning and late in the evening. The audience-Sundersath, used to note down every word uttered by Mahamati. All other 13 books of Tartam Vani were completed during his lifetime but this last book was compiled by his prime disciple Keshav Das Ji soon after Mahamati left this world. It took him 2 months and 10 days for completing this work, concluding it on the day of Mahamati's birthday. It is mentioned in the beginning and the end of this book about this being the last among all volumes of the Tartam Vani to come to light.\u003cbr\u003e A variety of topics concerned directly with the subject of the book are covered in an orderly manner section wise. All discussions are based on the different aspects mentioned in the holy Semitic scriptures. Sections. give a detailed description of dialogues that took place between the souls and the Lord in the Abode, the importance of spiritual knowledge of Tartam, oncoming of various sects and their beliefs, the three categories of souls and their ultimate destinations, the day of judgement (kayamat), the influence of Satan etc. The subject of appearance of Dabhatul Arja at the time of kayaamat and its description, as given in holy Koran, is clarified removing all doubts and quarries that are promulgated among the people at large. Accordingly the beginning of the first phase of bringing the divine message by Prophet Mohammad in Arabia, the process of awakening was further expanded explicitly by Rooh Allah- Devchandra Ji and Imam Mehedee- Mahamati Prannath by raising the flag of truth, reality and spirituality in India. The concepts of ritualism and egoistic approach are condemned and path of devotion and truth is preached. Many unexplained sayings of Koran have become clear through the teachings of Mahamati. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe ultimate stage of self awakening is the Maaraphat and this book Maaraphat Saagar is a treasure of knowledge concerning the variety of aspects related to this subject. In this the preaching of all major religions has been judiciously combined to lay the foundation of One Universal Religion.\u003cbr\u003e Mahamati Prannath has said in these verses that all the four Semitic scriptures; namely Torah of Moses, Psalms (Zaboor) of David, Bible of Christ and Koran of Mohammad; and also four Vedas of Hindu religion have written a lot about the mystery of the last day of judgement (kayaamat) and given many different hints and signs of its happening. However all are in agreement that this act of resurrection is sure to take place when the Almighty himself will settle the fate of all the souls. The seven important signs of this final hour, as mentioned in Koran, Hadis and Bible; have been adequately interpreted by Mahamati in a very meaningful manner. The rising of dead from the graves is explained as the awakening of the soul from the dead mechanical life of ignorance. Similarly the other signs like appearance of Satan (Dajjaal), the rising of sun from the west etc are described as symbolic and their realistic understanding is discussed in this book. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/aze254a.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/aze254b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/aze254c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/aze254d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/aze254e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/aze254f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/aze254g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/aze254h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/aze254i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577358610733,"sku":"AZE254","price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/aze254.jpg?v=1677423820"},{"product_id":"poetic-talents-of-medieval-india-nza957","title":"मध्ययुगीन काव्य प्रतिभाएँ: Poetic Talents of Medieval India","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZA957\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/ramkali%20sarraf\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"रामकली सराफ (Ramkali Sarraf)\"\u003eरामकली सराफ (Ramkali Sarraf)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/vishwavidyalaya%20prakashan%20varanasi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Vishwavidyalaya Prakashan, Varanasi\"\u003eVishwavidyalaya Prakashan, Varanasi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHindi\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2003\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9788171242613\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e186\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePaperback\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.5 inch X 5.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e200 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta name=\"Generator\" content=\"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered)\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;style\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!-- \/* Font Definitions *\/ @font-face {font-family:Helvetica; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Courier; panose-1:2 7 4 9 2 2 5 2 4 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Tms Rmn\"; panose-1:2 2 6 3 4 5 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:Helv; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"New York\"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 6 5 6 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:System; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"MS Mincho\"; panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:Batang; panose-1:2 3 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:SimSun; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:PMingLiU; panose-1:2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"MS Gothic\"; panose-1:2 11 6 9 7 2 5 8 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Dotum; panose-1:2 11 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:SimHei; panose-1:2 1 6 9 6 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:MingLiU; panose-1:2 2 5 9 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Mincho; panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 3 5 8 3 5;} @font-face {font-family:Gulim; panose-1:2 11 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:Century; panose-1:2 4 6 4 5 5 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Angsana New\"; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Cordia New\"; panose-1:2 11 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Mangal; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 2 3 3 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:Latha; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Sylfaen; panose-1:1 10 5 2 5 3 6 3 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:Vrinda; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Raavi; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Shruti; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Sendnya; panose-1:0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Gautami; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Tunga; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Estrangelo Edessa\"; panose-1:3 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Cambria Math\"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arial Unicode MS\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Tahoma; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Adobe Caslon Pro Bold\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Adobe Caslon Pro\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Adobe Garamond Pro Bold\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Adobe Garamond Pro\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro Caption\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro Display\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro SmText\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro Subhead\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro Light Display\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro Smbd\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro Smbd Caption\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro Smbd Display\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro Smbd SmText\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arno Pro Smbd Subhead\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bell Gothic Std Black\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bell Gothic Std Light\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bickham Script Pro Regular\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bickham Script Pro Semibold\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Birch Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Blackoak Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Brush Script Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Chaparral Pro\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Charlemagne Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Cooper Std Black\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Eccentric Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Garamond Premr Pro\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Garamond Premr Pro Smbd\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Giddyup Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Hobo Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Gothic Pro B\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Gothic Pro B\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Gothic Pro EL\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Gothic Pro EL\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Gothic Pro H\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Gothic Pro H\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Gothic Pro L\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Gothic Pro L\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Gothic Pro M\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Gothic Pro M\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Gothic Pro R\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Gothic Pro R\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Mincho Pro B\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Mincho Pro B\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Mincho Pro EL\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Mincho Pro EL\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Mincho Pro H\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Mincho Pro H\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Mincho Pro L\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Mincho Pro L\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Mincho Pro M\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Mincho Pro M\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kozuka Mincho Pro R\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Kozuka Mincho Pro R\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Letter Gothic Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Lithos Pro Regular\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Mesquite Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Minion Pro\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Minion Pro Cond\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Minion Pro Med\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Minion Pro SmBd\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Myriad Pro\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Myriad Pro Cond\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Myriad Pro Light\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Nueva Std Cond\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"OCR A Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Orator Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Poplar Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Prestige Elite Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Rosewood Std Regular\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Stencil Std\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Tekton Pro\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Tekton Pro Cond\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Tekton Pro Ext\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Trajan Pro\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Krishna; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Marlett; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:SimSun-ExtB; panose-1:2 1 6 9 6 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@SimSun-ExtB\"; panose-1:2 1 6 9 6 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:KodchiangUPC; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:Kokila; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Shonar Bangla\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:BrowalliaUPC; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Sakkal Majalla\"; panose-1:2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:LilyUPC; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\"; panose-1:2 4 5 2 5 5 5 3 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:MoolBoran; panose-1:2 11 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Franklin Gothic Medium\"; panose-1:2 11 6 3 2 1 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:AngsanaUPC; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:JasmineUPC; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Trebuchet MS\"; panose-1:2 11 6 3 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft Tai Le\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Utsaah; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Malgun Gothic\"; panose-1:2 11 5 3 2 0 0 2 0 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Malgun Gothic\"; panose-1:2 11 5 3 2 0 0 2 0 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Simplified Arabic Fixed\"; panose-1:2 7 3 9 2 2 5 2 4 4;} @font-face {font-family:Gisha; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Comic Sans MS\"; panose-1:3 15 7 2 3 3 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Segoe UI Symbol\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:FreesiaUPC; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Traditional Arabic\"; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:Aparajita; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Gadugi; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft New Tai Lue\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:DokChampa; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Segoe UI\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Miriam; panose-1:2 11 5 2 5 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Iskoola Pota\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Kartika; panose-1:2 2 5 3 3 4 4 6 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Segoe UI Semilight\"; panose-1:2 11 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Vijaya; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Nirmala UI\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Mongolian Baiti\"; panose-1:3 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft YaHei\"; panose-1:2 11 5 3 2 2 4 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Microsoft YaHei\"; panose-1:2 11 5 3 2 2 4 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft YaHei UI\"; panose-1:2 11 5 3 2 2 4 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Microsoft YaHei UI\"; panose-1:2 11 5 3 2 2 4 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Vani; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arial Black\"; panose-1:2 11 10 4 2 1 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:IrisUPC; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Batang\"; panose-1:2 3 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:BatangChe; panose-1:2 3 6 9 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@BatangChe\"; panose-1:2 3 6 9 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:Gungsuh; panose-1:2 3 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Gungsuh\"; panose-1:2 3 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:GungsuhChe; panose-1:2 3 6 9 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@GungsuhChe\"; panose-1:2 3 6 9 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Calibri Light\"; panose-1:2 15 3 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Rod; panose-1:2 3 5 9 5 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:Georgia; panose-1:2 4 5 2 5 4 5 2 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Euphemia; panose-1:2 11 5 3 4 1 2 2 1 4;} @font-face {font-family:Corbel; panose-1:2 11 5 3 2 2 4 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Consolas; panose-1:2 11 6 9 2 2 4 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Segoe UI Semibold\"; panose-1:2 11 7 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Simplified Arabic\"; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:DaunPenh; panose-1:1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:Nyala; panose-1:2 0 5 4 7 3 0 2 0 3;} @font-face {font-family:Constantia; panose-1:2 3 6 2 5 3 6 3 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:CordiaUPC; panose-1:2 11 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Khmer UI\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Aharoni; panose-1:2 1 8 3 2 1 4 3 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft Uighur\"; panose-1:2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Segoe Script\"; panose-1:2 11 5 4 2 0 0 0 0 3;} @font-face {font-family:Candara; panose-1:2 14 5 2 3 3 3 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Ebrima; panose-1:2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:DilleniaUPC; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@MS Mincho\"; panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"MS PMincho\"; panose-1:2 2 6 0 4 2 5 8 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@MS PMincho\"; panose-1:2 2 6 0 4 2 5 8 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Browallia New\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Segoe UI Light\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Aldhabi; panose-1:1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:DFKai-SB; panose-1:3 0 5 9 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@DFKai-SB\"; panose-1:3 0 5 9 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@SimHei\"; panose-1:2 1 6 9 6 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Lao UI\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Kalinga; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft PhagsPa\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:EucrosiaUPC; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:KaiTi; panose-1:2 1 6 9 6 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@KaiTi\"; panose-1:2 1 6 9 6 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@SimSun\"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:NSimSun; panose-1:2 1 6 9 3 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@NSimSun\"; panose-1:2 1 6 9 3 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:Meiryo; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Meiryo\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Meiryo UI\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Meiryo UI\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Webdings; panose-1:5 3 1 2 1 5 9 6 7 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Plantagenet Cherokee\"; panose-1:2 2 6 2 7 1 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Gabriola; panose-1:4 4 6 5 5 16 2 2 13 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@MS Gothic\"; panose-1:2 11 6 9 7 2 5 8 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"MS UI Gothic\"; panose-1:2 11 6 0 7 2 5 8 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@MS UI Gothic\"; panose-1:2 11 6 0 7 2 5 8 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"MS PGothic\"; panose-1:2 11 6 0 7 2 5 8 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@MS PGothic\"; panose-1:2 11 6 0 7 2 5 8 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Gulim\"; panose-1:2 11 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:GulimChe; panose-1:2 11 6 9 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@GulimChe\"; panose-1:2 11 6 9 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Dotum\"; panose-1:2 11 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:DotumChe; panose-1:2 11 6 9 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@DotumChe\"; panose-1:2 11 6 9 0 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Urdu Typesetting\"; panose-1:3 2 4 2 4 4 6 3 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Lucida Sans Unicode\"; panose-1:2 11 6 2 3 5 4 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Andalus; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:Leelawadee; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:FangSong; panose-1:2 1 6 9 6 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@FangSong\"; panose-1:2 1 6 9 6 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:David; panose-1:2 14 5 2 6 4 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Miriam Fixed\"; panose-1:2 11 5 9 5 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:Impact; panose-1:2 11 8 6 3 9 2 5 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Levenim MT\"; panose-1:2 1 5 2 6 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Segoe Print\"; panose-1:2 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft JhengHei\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Microsoft JhengHei\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft JhengHei UI\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Microsoft JhengHei UI\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Narkisim; panose-1:2 14 5 2 5 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:MingLiU-ExtB; panose-1:2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@MingLiU-ExtB\"; panose-1:2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:PMingLiU-ExtB; panose-1:2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@PMingLiU-ExtB\"; panose-1:2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB; panose-1:2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB\"; panose-1:2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft Sans Serif\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:FrankRuehl; panose-1:2 14 5 3 6 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@MingLiU\"; panose-1:2 2 5 9 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@PMingLiU\"; panose-1:2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:MingLiU_HKSCS; panose-1:2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@MingLiU_HKSCS\"; panose-1:2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft Himalaya\"; panose-1:1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Myanmar Text\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Lucida Console\"; panose-1:2 11 6 9 4 5 4 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arabic Typesetting\"; panose-1:3 2 4 2 4 4 6 3 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Microsoft Yi Baiti\"; panose-1:3 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"MV Boli\"; panose-1:2 0 5 0 3 2 0 9 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Haettenschweiler; panose-1:2 11 7 6 4 9 2 6 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Book Antiqua\"; panose-1:2 4 6 2 5 3 5 3 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Century Gothic\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bradley Hand ITC\"; panose-1:3 7 4 2 5 3 2 3 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Freestyle Script\"; panose-1:3 8 4 2 3 2 5 11 4 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"French Script MT\"; panose-1:3 2 4 2 4 6 7 4 6 5;} @font-face {font-family:\"Juice ITC\"; panose-1:4 4 4 3 4 10 2 2 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kristen ITC\"; panose-1:3 5 5 2 4 2 2 3 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Lucida Handwriting\"; panose-1:3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:Mistral; panose-1:3 9 7 2 3 4 7 2 4 3;} @font-face {font-family:Papyrus; panose-1:3 7 5 2 6 5 2 3 2 5;} @font-face {font-family:Pristina; panose-1:3 6 4 2 4 4 6 8 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Tempus Sans ITC\"; panose-1:4 2 4 4 3 13 7 2 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:Garamond; panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Monotype Corsiva\"; panose-1:3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Agency FB\"; panose-1:2 11 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arial Rounded MT Bold\"; panose-1:2 15 7 4 3 5 4 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Blackadder ITC\"; panose-1:4 2 5 5 5 16 7 2 13 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bodoni MT\"; panose-1:2 7 6 3 8 6 6 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bodoni MT Black\"; panose-1:2 7 10 3 8 6 6 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bodoni MT Condensed\"; panose-1:2 7 6 6 8 6 6 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\"; panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Calisto MT\"; panose-1:2 4 6 3 5 5 5 3 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:Castellar; panose-1:2 10 4 2 6 4 6 1 3 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Century Schoolbook\"; panose-1:2 4 6 4 5 5 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Copperplate Gothic Bold\"; panose-1:2 14 7 5 2 2 6 2 4 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Copperplate Gothic Light\"; panose-1:2 14 5 7 2 2 6 2 4 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Curlz MT\"; panose-1:4 4 4 4 5 7 2 2 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Edwardian Script ITC\"; panose-1:3 3 3 2 4 7 7 13 8 4;} @font-face {font-family:Elephant; panose-1:2 2 9 4 9 5 5 2 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Engravers MT\"; panose-1:2 9 7 7 8 5 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Eras Bold ITC\"; panose-1:2 11 9 7 3 5 4 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Eras Demi ITC\"; panose-1:2 11 8 5 3 5 4 2 8 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Eras Light ITC\"; panose-1:2 11 4 2 3 5 4 2 8 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Eras Medium ITC\"; panose-1:2 11 6 2 3 5 4 2 8 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Felix Titling\"; panose-1:4 6 5 5 6 2 2 2 10 4;} @font-face {font-family:Forte; panose-1:3 6 9 2 4 5 2 7 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Franklin Gothic Book\"; panose-1:2 11 5 3 2 1 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Franklin Gothic Demi\"; panose-1:2 11 7 3 2 1 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"; panose-1:2 11 7 6 3 4 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Franklin Gothic Heavy\"; panose-1:2 11 9 3 2 1 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Franklin Gothic Medium Cond\"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 3 4 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Gigi; panose-1:4 4 5 4 6 16 7 2 13 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Gill Sans MT\"; panose-1:2 11 5 2 2 1 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Gill Sans MT Condensed\"; panose-1:2 11 5 6 2 1 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Gill Sans Ultra Bold\"; panose-1:2 11 10 2 2 1 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Gill Sans Ultra Bold Condensed\"; panose-1:2 11 10 6 2 1 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Gill Sans MT Ext Condensed Bold\"; panose-1:2 11 9 2 2 1 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Gloucester MT Extra Condensed\"; panose-1:2 3 8 8 2 6 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Goudy Old Style\"; panose-1:2 2 5 2 5 3 5 2 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Goudy Stout\"; panose-1:2 2 9 4 7 3 11 2 4 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Imprint MT Shadow\"; panose-1:4 2 6 5 6 3 3 3 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Lucida Sans\"; panose-1:2 11 6 2 3 5 4 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Lucida Sans Typewriter\"; panose-1:2 11 5 9 3 5 4 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Maiandra GD\"; panose-1:2 14 5 2 3 3 8 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"OCR A Extended\"; panose-1:2 1 5 9 2 1 2 1 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Palace Script MT\"; panose-1:3 3 3 2 2 6 7 12 11 5;} @font-face {font-family:Perpetua; panose-1:2 2 5 2 6 4 1 2 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Perpetua Titling MT\"; panose-1:2 2 5 2 6 5 5 2 8 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Rage Italic\"; panose-1:3 7 5 2 4 5 7 7 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:Rockwell; panose-1:2 6 6 3 2 2 5 2 4 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Rockwell Condensed\"; panose-1:2 6 6 3 5 4 5 2 1 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Rockwell Extra Bold\"; panose-1:2 6 9 3 4 5 5 2 4 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Script MT Bold\"; panose-1:3 4 6 2 4 6 7 8 9 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Tw Cen MT\"; panose-1:2 11 6 2 2 1 4 2 6 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Tw Cen MT Condensed\"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 1 4 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Tw Cen MT Condensed Extra Bold\"; panose-1:2 11 8 3 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Algerian; panose-1:4 2 7 5 4 10 2 6 7 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Baskerville Old Face\"; panose-1:2 2 6 2 8 5 5 2 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bauhaus 93\"; panose-1:4 3 9 5 2 11 2 2 12 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bell MT\"; panose-1:2 2 5 3 6 3 5 2 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Berlin Sans FB\"; panose-1:2 14 6 2 2 5 2 2 3 6;} @font-face {font-family:\"Berlin Sans FB Demi\"; panose-1:2 14 8 2 2 5 2 2 3 6;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bernard MT Condensed\"; panose-1:2 5 8 6 6 9 5 2 4 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bodoni MT Poster Compressed\"; panose-1:2 7 7 6 8 6 1 5 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Britannic Bold\"; panose-1:2 11 9 3 6 7 3 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Broadway; panose-1:4 4 9 5 8 11 2 2 5 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Brush Script MT\"; panose-1:3 6 8 2 4 4 6 7 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Californian FB\"; panose-1:2 7 4 3 6 8 11 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Centaur; panose-1:2 3 5 4 5 2 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:Chiller; panose-1:4 2 4 4 3 16 7 2 6 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Colonna MT\"; panose-1:4 2 8 5 6 2 2 3 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Cooper Black\"; panose-1:2 8 9 4 4 3 11 2 4 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Footlight MT Light\"; panose-1:2 4 6 2 6 3 10 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Harlow Solid Italic\"; panose-1:4 3 6 4 2 15 2 2 13 2;} @font-face {font-family:Harrington; panose-1:4 4 5 5 5 10 2 2 7 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"High Tower Text\"; panose-1:2 4 5 2 5 5 6 3 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:Jokerman; panose-1:4 9 6 5 6 13 6 2 7 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kunstler Script\"; panose-1:3 3 4 2 2 6 7 13 13 6;} @font-face {font-family:\"Lucida Bright\"; panose-1:2 4 6 2 5 5 5 2 3 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Lucida Calligraphy\"; panose-1:3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"Lucida Fax\"; panose-1:2 6 6 2 5 5 5 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Magneto; panose-1:4 3 8 5 5 8 2 2 13 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Matura MT Script Capitals\"; panose-1:3 2 8 2 6 6 2 7 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Modern No\\. 20\"; panose-1:2 7 7 4 7 5 5 2 3 3;} @font-face {font-family:\"Niagara Engraved\"; panose-1:4 2 5 2 7 7 3 3 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Niagara Solid\"; panose-1:4 2 5 2 7 7 2 2 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Old English Text MT\"; panose-1:3 4 9 2 4 5 8 3 8 6;} @font-face {font-family:Onyx; panose-1:4 5 6 2 8 7 2 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Parchment; panose-1:3 4 6 2 4 7 8 4 8 4;} @font-face {font-family:Playbill; panose-1:4 5 6 3 10 6 2 2 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Poor Richard\"; panose-1:2 8 5 2 5 5 5 2 7 2;} @font-face {font-family:Ravie; panose-1:4 4 8 5 5 8 9 2 6 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"Informal Roman\"; panose-1:3 6 4 2 3 4 6 11 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Showcard Gothic\"; panose-1:4 2 9 4 2 1 2 2 6 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Snap ITC\"; panose-1:4 4 10 7 6 10 2 2 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:Stencil; panose-1:4 4 9 5 13 8 2 2 4 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Viner Hand ITC\"; panose-1:3 7 5 2 3 5 2 2 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Vivaldi; panose-1:3 2 6 2 5 5 6 9 8 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Vladimir Script\"; panose-1:3 5 4 2 4 4 7 7 3 5;} @font-face {font-family:\"Wide Latin\"; panose-1:2 10 10 7 5 5 5 2 4 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Wingdings 2\"; panose-1:5 2 1 2 1 5 7 7 7 7;} @font-face {font-family:\"Wingdings 3\"; panose-1:5 4 1 2 1 8 7 7 7 7;} @font-face {font-family:\"\\@Arial Unicode MS\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Arial Narrow\"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:LuzSans-Book; panose-1:2 0 6 3 4 0 0 2 0 3;} @font-face {font-family:ZDingbats; panose-1:5 0 6 0 2 0 0 2 0 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 033\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 034\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 035\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 036\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 041\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 042\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 043\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 044\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 045\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 046\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 050\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 010\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 011\"; panose-1:0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 012\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 013\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 014\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 016\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 021\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 022\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 024\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 025\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 026\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 030\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 031\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 032\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:APS-UN-Rajesh; panose-1:2 0 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:APS-UN-Ashok; panose-1:2 0 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:APS-UN-OM; panose-1:2 0 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"MT Extra\"; panose-1:5 5 1 2 1 2 5 2 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:\"MS Outlook\"; panose-1:5 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Bookshelf Symbol 7\"; panose-1:5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:\"MS Reference Sans Serif\"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:\"MS Reference Specialty\"; panose-1:5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:\"Kruti Dev 010 Bold\"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} \/* Style Definitions *\/ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoNoSpacing, li.MsoNoSpacing, div.MsoNoSpacing {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} ins {text-decoration:none;} span.msoIns {mso-style-name:\"\"; color:teal;} span.msoDel {mso-style-name:\"\"; text-decoration:line-through; color:red;} .MsoPapDefault {margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --\u0026gt; \u0026lt;\/style\u0026gt; \u003cdiv class=\"WordSection1\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eभूमिका\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eहिन्दी साहित्य का मध्ययुग अपनी रचनात्मक गरिमा\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eव्यापकता और विविधता में महत्वपूर्ण रहा है। आचार्य शुक्ल ने इस युग को दो भागों में विभक्त\u003c\/span\u003e- \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकर पूर्व मध्यकाल और उत्तर मध्यकाल की संज्ञा दी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिन्हें क्रमश\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eभक्तिकाल और रीतिकाल का नाम दिया गया । ये दोनों भक्तियुग और रीतियुग हमारी साहित्यिक परम्परा के ऐसे महत्त्वपूर्ण बिन्दु रहे हैं\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिनके प्रति हमारा आकर्षण आज भी विद्यमान है। रीतियुग पर तो उतना नहीं लेकिन भक्तियुग पर विवाद ज्यादा रहा है। भक्तिकाल पर दीक्षाओं और क्षेपकों पर आधृत इतिहास निरपेक्ष परम्परावादी भाववादी विश्लेषण बहुत मिलता है। इस युग की ठोस\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eवस्तुपरक और प्रामाणिक विश्लेषण की जरूरत बराबर महसूस होती रही है। जिन सामाजिक\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआर्थिक कारणों से इस युग की कविता का अम्युदय हुआ उनकी व्याख्या करना आवश्यक है। इस दृष्टि से वस्तुवादी परिप्रेक्ष्य में इन्द्रियबोध\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eभावबोध और विचारधारात्मक दृष्टि के द्वन्द्वात्मक सम्बन्धों के साथ साहित्य के मूल्यांकन के लिए जो आधारभूमि मुक्तिबोध ने प्रस्तुत की थी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eवह महत्त्वपूर्ण है\u003c\/span\u003e-'' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकिसी भी साहित्य को हमें तीन दृष्टियों से देखना चाहिए । एक तो यह कि किन मनोवैज्ञानिक\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसामाजिक शक्तियों से वह उत्पन्न है अर्थात् वह किन\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकिन शक्तियों के कार्यो का परिणाम है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकिन सामाजिक\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसांस्कृतिक प्रक्रियाओं का अंग है\u003c\/span\u003e? \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदूसरा यह कि उसका अंतःस्वरूप क्या है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकिन प्रेरणाओं और भावनाओं ने उसके आन्तरिक तत्त्व रूपायित किए हैं\u003c\/span\u003e? \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eतीसरे उसका प्रभाव क्या है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकिन सामाजिक शक्तियों ने उसका उपयोग या दुरुपयोग किया और क्यों\u003c\/span\u003e? \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसाधारणजनों के किन मानसिक तत्वों को उसने विकसित या नष्ट किया है\u003c\/span\u003e?'' (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eमुक्तिबोध रचनावली\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eखण्ड\u003c\/span\u003e 5, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपू०\u003c\/span\u003e 292) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eहमें मध्ययुग के सन्दर्भ में देखना होगा कि यह युग किन परिस्थितियों के बीच जन्मा\u003c\/span\u003e? \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसकी अन्तःप्रकृति और अन्तर्विरोधों का क्या स्वरूप रहा है\u003c\/span\u003e? \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eनिश्चित ही भक्तियुग के संदर्भ में मुक्तिबोध ने साहित्य की सौंन्दर्यवादी समीक्षा के साथ ही समाजशास्त्रीय व्याख्या को महत्व दिया। स्पष्ट ही भक्तियुग में बाह्य आक्रमणकारियों का मुकाबला करने में सामन्ती ताकतें असफल रहीं और धीरे\u003c\/span\u003e- \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eधीरे आक्रान्ताओं के अधीन होती गयीं। देशी और आक्रामक ताकतों का मनुष्य इतना बौना और आत्मपरस्त था कि अपने\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eअपने ईश्वर और अपनी\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eअपनी सत्ता की बात करने लगा। दरअसल मनुष्य इतना टूट चुका था कि इस दौर में उसे जोड्ने का संघर्ष ही मुख्य बना। एक नई गतिशील चेतना और आलोचनात्मक विवेक को विकसित करने का संघर्ष था।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eमध्ययुग का लगभग पाँच सौ वर्षों का इतिहास\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e 1400 \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eविक्रम संवत् से\u003c\/span\u003e 1700 \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eविक्रम संवत् तक पूर्व मध्यकाल और\u003c\/span\u003e 1700 \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसे\u003c\/span\u003e 1900 \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eविक्रम संवत् तक उत्तर मध्यकाल जिसमें हिन्दू\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eमुस्लिम राजाओं के साथ\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसाथ अंग्रजी शासन की नींव की सूचना मिलती है । तेरहवीं शताब्दी के मंगोलों को पूरी तरह हराकर अलाउद्दीन खिलजी ने अपने विराट साम्राज्य का विस्तार किया\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eफिर भी यह कोई केन्द्रीकृत राज्य नहीं था । इधर राजपूत राजा बराबर मुसलमान आक्रमणकारियों के विरुद्ध संघर्ष करते रहे। अल्लाउद्दीन के साथ अन्य मुगल शासकों हूमायूँ शेरशाह\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eअकबर और जहाँगीर का लक्ष्य हिन्दू राजाओं को साधनहीन बनाने का था । मोरलैण्ड ने भी इस स्थिति की ओर संकेत करते हुए लिखा\u003c\/span\u003e-''\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eइस नीति का परिणाम यह हुआ कि कुछ वर्षो के लगातार प्रयास से राजा\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपरगनों और गाँव के मुखिया साधनहीन बन गये। घोड़े और हथियार खरीदने के लिए उनके पास पैसे नहीं रहे। एक समकालीन इतिहासकार के अनुसार हिन्दुओं के घर सोना\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eचाँदी न रह गया और गरीबी के कारण रानियों को मुसलमानों के यहाँ चाकरी करनी पड़ी।\u003c\/span\u003e'' \u003cb\u003e(\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eअंग्रेजीराज और मार्क्सवाद\u003c\/span\u003e- 2, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपृ०\u003c\/span\u003e 275)\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदरअसल मुस्लिम सामन्तों का निरन्तर यह प्रयास रहा कि लगान और महसूलों का स्तर इतना ऊँचा कर दिया जाय कि अदा करने वाले सामन्तों को बरबाद करना आसान हो। यह प्रक्रिया इस हद तक त्वरित हुई कि अनेक राजपूत सामन्तों का खात्मा हो गया और अन्य कईयों ने मुगलों की अधीनता स्वीकार कर ली। किसानों पर भी ग्रामीण कराधानों का बोझ बढ़ाया गया। इसी क्रम में जजिया कर लगाया गया जो किसानों पर एक भारी बोझ था। सिकन्दर लोदी और फिरोज तुगलक आदि मुसलमान शासकों ने हिन्दुओं पर जजिया कर लगाकर और अन्य अनेक दण्ड नीतियों का विधान कर अपने कट्टरतावादी रुख को प्रत्यक्ष किया। कबीरके समक्ष इन स्वेच्छाचारी निरंकुश शासकों के प्रति राजनैतिक संघर्ष चुनौती बनकर उपस्थित हुआ। यही कारण है आर०सी० मजूमदार आदि का यह मानना कि वर्ण\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eव्यवस्था और जातियों में बंटे इस समाज में इस्लाम समानता की ताजी हवा लेकर आया\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउचित नहीं । प्रो० इरफान हबीब और अब्दुल कादिर बदायूँनी ने इस धारणा का खण्डन किया । हिन्दू हो या मुखिम दोनों ही सामन्त सामान्यजन के हितों के विरोधी थे । जन\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eविरोधी निर्णयों को लेने में उन्होंने कोई गुरेज नहीं किया। बुरी आर्थिक स्थिति के बावजूद उत्पादक शक्तियों का विकास धीमा पर निरन्तर होता रहा। कारीगरों और दस्तकारों की संख्या बढ़ी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकुछ कारखाने भी स्थापित हुए। अकबर के शासनकाल तक आते\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआते भारतीय सामाजिक संगठन और अर्थव्यवस्था में बहुत बदलाव आया। सामन्ती मनमानेपन और कट्टरपन के स्थान पर उन्होंने \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e'\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदीनइलाही\u003c\/span\u003e'\u003c\/b\u003e (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसभी धर्मो के समवाय\u003c\/span\u003e) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eका पंथ चलाया। जजिया कर से भी प्रजा को मुक्ति दिलवायी । हिन्दू और मुस्लिम दोनों ही धर्मो के बाह्याचारों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपौराणिक विश्वासों को अस्वीकार किया । इन समन्वयकारी नीतियों का भारतीय सामाजिक\u003c\/span\u003e- \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसांस्कृतिक स्थितियों पर गहरा असर पड़ा । केन्द्रीय शासन की स्थिर सामाजिक राजनैतिक स्थितियों ने रीतियुगीन कविता को पनपने का अवसर दिया। वाणिज्यिक कारोबार की स्थितियाँ भी कुछ बेहतर हुई पर सारी वास्तविक सत्ता सामन्तों के हाथ में केन्द्रित थी। फलत\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसम्पन्न किसानों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजागीरदारों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eवणिकों के साथ\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसाथ भूमिहीन किसानों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eछोटे बनियों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदस्तकारों आदि से जुड़ी जातियों सामाजिक शक्ति के रूप में उभरीं। दरअसल सामन्तों की सारी जरूरतें इन लोगों द्वारा दिए जाने वाले करों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eलगान आदि से पूरी होती थीं। प्राकृतिक आपदाएँ करों का बोझ निम्न श्रेणी के लोगों किसानों को भूखों मरने के लिए विवश करती थीं। किसानों की फसल का बड़ा हिस्सा कर अदायगी में और शेष ऋण अदायगी में चला जाता था । प्रो० इरफान हबीब ने इस स्थिति की ओर संकेत करते हुए लिखा कि\u003c\/span\u003e-'' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदिल्ली की सल्तनत की स्थापना के साथ ही कुछ सामाजिक\u003c\/span\u003e- \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआर्थिक परिवर्तन हुए। वास्तव में अलाउद्दीन खिलजी \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e(1296-1316) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eने ग्रामीण निम्नवर्ग बलाहार से उसकी छोटी सी जोत योग्य भूमि पर शुल्क में दी गयीं रियायतें तक वापस ले ली थीं। इससे साफ जाहिर है कि निचली जातियों को न केवल अपनी औकात से रहने के लिए विवश किया जाता था बल्कि वे अपने जीवन निर्वाह के लिए सदा से मिलती आयी रियायतों की माँग भी अब नहीं कर सकती थीं ।\u003c\/span\u003e '' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eइस प्रकार निम्नवर्गीय ताकतों के उठान में बदलती सामाजिक\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eराजनीतिक स्थितियों का बहुत बड़ा हाथ था । डॉ० इरफान हबीब और डॉ० रामविलास शर्मा ने इस दौर के पण्य\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eद्रव्य सम्बन्धों को बारीकी से विश्लेषित करते हुए मध्ययुगीन भक्ति आन्दोलन के साथ उसका ऐतिहासिक सम्बन्ध दिखाया ।\u003c\/span\u003e '' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eबारहवीं सदी के बाद भारतीय समाज में महत्त्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन हुए। व्यापार की बड़ी\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eबड़ी मण्डियाँ कायम हुई । इस आर्थिक विकास के फलस्वरूप शहर के कारीगरों और व्यापार की प्रगति से पुराने सामाजिक सम्बन्ध शिथिल होते हैं। सामाजिक सम्बन्धों की शिथिलता से भक्ति साहित्य का सीधा सम्बन्ध है। भारत में जब\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजब उद्योग और विनिमय के साथ\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसाथ नागर सभ्यता का प्रसार हुआ तब\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eतब वंशगत वर्ण व्यवस्था टूटी है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसकी जगह कर्मगत वर्ण व्यवस्था का चलन हुआ है।\u003c\/span\u003e'' (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eहिन्दी जाति का साहित्य\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eडॉ० रामविलास शर्मा\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपू०\u003c\/span\u003e 43-44) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eप्रो० इरफान हबीब के अनुसार इस काल में भवन निर्माण की कला में बड़े पैमाने पर नई तकनीक आयी। कागज उत्पादन बढ़ा। चरखें\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकरघे में लगे पैडल रेहट के लिए पिन ड्रम गियर\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकलईकारी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eशराब बनाने की बेहतर तकनीक आदि का तेजी से प्रसार हुआ\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eशहरीकरण की प्रक्रिया तेज हुई\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसोने और चांदी के सिक्कों की ढलाई में बढ़ोत्तरी हुई। व्यापार क्य तेजी से विकास हुआ और शहरों में दस्तकारी के सामानों की मांग बढ़ गयी । इस आर्थिक विकास का लाभ समाज की दस्तकारी और शिल्प व्यापार से जुड़ी निचली जातियों को मिला । स्पष्ट है कि सामन्तवाद के भीतर ही व्यापारिक पूँजीवाद का प्रसार हुआ। यह वित्त का जो चलन हुआ उसका लाभ सिर्फ सामन्तों तक सीमित न रहकर कारीगरों और किसानों को भी हुआ । निम्न जीवन स्तर को जीने वाली दलित शूद्र जातियों में नई चेतना का प्रसार हुआ। भक्ति आन्दोलन के जन्मने के मूल में इसी चेतना ने काय किया इसी के कारण वण आधृत सामाजिक व्यवस्था में टूटन आयी । इस प्रकार बदली हुई आर्थिक\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसामाजिक स्थितियों के कारण नये वर्ग सम्बन्ध विकसित हुए सांस्कृतिक\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसामाजिक क्षेत्र में नयी भावभूमियाँ तैयार हुई। किसानों और दस्तकारों के बीच पैदा हुई नई जागृति ने विद्रोहात्मक रुख अख्तियार किया\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिसका पुष्ट रूप संत कवियों में देखने को मिलता है। विकसित होती वाणिज्यिक ताकतों के साथ निम्नवर्गीय जातियों और उत्पीड़ित संतों का सम्बन्ध रहा। सामन्ती कूरता उनकी निर्ममता उन्हें व्यापारी कृषक और दस्तकार वर्ग के साथ जोड़ रही थी। नानक देव\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदादू\u003c\/span\u003e ,(\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eधुनिया\u003c\/span\u003e), \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपीपा\u003c\/span\u003e (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eनाई\u003c\/span\u003e) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकबीर\u003c\/span\u003e (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजुलाहा\u003c\/span\u003e) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eधन्ना\u003c\/span\u003e (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजाट\u003c\/span\u003e) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eरैदास\u003c\/span\u003e (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eचमार\u003c\/span\u003e) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eये संत कवि निर्गुणमार्गी कहलाये। विपरीत जीवन स्थितियों से असन्तुष्ट ये संत कवि सामन्ती कथनों को तोड्ने की छटपटाहट को जीते हैं।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eअत\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eमध्ययुगीन भक्ति काव्य अपने समय के यथार्थ से टकराता हुआ उसका अतिक्रमण करता है। नयी सामाजिक\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसांस्कृतिक व्यवस्था का विकल्प उपस्थित करता है। भक्त कवियों की कविताएँ जनजीवन के एक पक्ष की व्याख्या नहीं करती वरन् उसमें विविध पक्षों का समाहार है। यह आन्दोलन ब्रह्म के साथ मनुष्य की प्रतिष्ठा करता हुआ व्यापक धार्मिक सामाजिक घटना का समेकित रूप लेकर आता है । दरअसल भक्ति आन्दोलन मध्ययुगीन सामाजिक\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसांस्कृतिक जागरण की महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रक्रिया रही है जिसके मूल में धर्म और मानवता की नई चेतना विकसित होती है।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eग्रियर्सन ने सबसे पहले इस पर इसाई धम की दृष्टि से विचार किया\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिस पर आज बहस का मतलब नहीं है। इस्लाम के आगमन को लेकर आचार्य शुक्ल ने अपनी स्थापना दी\u003c\/span\u003e-' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदेश में मुसलमानों का राज्य प्रतिष्ठित हो जाने पर हिन्दू जनता के हृदय में गर्व\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eगौरव और उत्साह के लिए अवकाश न रह गया।\u003c\/span\u003e '' (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eहिन्दी साहित्य का इतिहास\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपू०\u003c\/span\u003e 60) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपरास्त निराश\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eहताश जनता को राम और कृष्ण जैसे लोकनायक मिले\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिन्होंने उनके हृदय में उल्लास का संचार किया । अत\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआचार्य शुक्ल ने भक्ति साहित्य के लिए अनुकूल मनोभूमि के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया का मनोवैज्ञानिक आधार राजनीतिक पराजयजन्य नैराश्य को माना । जबकि नैराश्य की बात नहीं है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eयह शुक्लजी का अपना अन्तर्विरोध है । यहाँ भी उसके मूल में निहित सामाजिक कारणों को ढूंढना होगा। इन कारणों को स्वयं आचार्य शुक्ल ने सूर\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eतुलसी और जायसी के विश्लेषण के सन्दर्भ में व्याख्यायित किया है। इसलिए हिन्दुओं की नैराश्य भावना भक्ति के उद्गम का स्रोत है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eयह कहना गैर साम्प्रदायिक विराट भक्ति आन्दोलन को साम्प्रदायिकता का जामा पहनाना है। यह प्रयत्न आज भी साम्प्रदायिकता की चेतना से ग्रस्त इतिहासकार करते दीखते हैं\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिन्हें आज उस दौर की हिन्\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eमुस्लिम चेतना के टकराव के धरातल की सामाजिक पृष्ठभूमि में मुस्लिम विरोधी घृणा भाव की जमीन तैयार करनी है। शुक्लजी के जिस कथन को लेकर उन पर साम्प्रदायिक इतिहास दृष्टि का आरोप लगाया गया है वह अपनी जगह है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपरन्तु आचार्य द्विवेदी की मान्यता जो शुक्लजी को समेटते हुए प्रत्यक्ष हुई वह भी पूर्णत\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eवैज्ञानिक हो\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eऐसा नहीं है। फिर भी दोनों आचार्यों को साम्प्रदायिक कहकर नकारा तो नहीं जा सकता । निश्चित ही इतिहास को देखने की यह एक संकीर्ण और अनैतिहासिक दृष्टि है। आचार्य हजारीप्रसाद द्विवेदी ने आचार्य शुक्ल का बिना नाम लिए खारिज करते हुए लिखा कि\u003c\/span\u003e-'' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदुर्भाग्यवश हिन्दी साहित्य के अध्ययन और लोक चक्षुगोचर करने का भार जिन विद्वानों ने अपने ऊपर लिया है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eवे भी हिन्दी साहित्य का सम्बन्ध हिन्दू जाति के साथ ही अधिक बतलाते हैं और इस प्रकार अनजान आदमी को दो ढंग से सोचने का मौका देते हैं एक यह कि हिन्दी साहित्य हतदर्प पराजित जाति की सम्पति है । वह एक पतनशील जाति की चिंताओं का मूर्त रूप है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eप्रतीक है। मैं इस्लाम के महत्त्व को भूल नहीं पा रहा हूँ लेकिन जोर देकर कहना चाहता हूँ कि इस्लाम न आया होता तो भी साहित्य का बारह आना वैसा ही होता जैसा आज है।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e'' (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eहिन्दी साहित्य की भूमिका\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपू०\u003c\/span\u003e 2)\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eइस्लाम न आया होता तो क्या होता\u003c\/span\u003e? \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eइसका बहुत सटीक हल ढूँढ पाना बहुत मुश्किल है । ऐसी यांत्रिकता विश्लेषण की ऐसी सतही दृष्टि वस्तुगत मूल्यांकन में बाधक सिद्ध होती है। इस पर विचार करना उतना महत्त्वपूर्ण नहीं है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजितना कि उनके आने के बाद मानवीय सामाजिक सम्बन्धों पर पड़नेवाला प्रभाव महत्त्वपूर्ण है। मध्यकाल के आविर्भाव से जुड़ी आचार्य द्वय की अवधारणाएँ अपने अन्तर्विरोधों के बावजूद तद्युगीन विषम सामाजिक\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसांस्कृतिक राजनीतिक स्थितियों का खुलासा तो करती ही हैं । जबकि और गंभीर और संश्लिष्ट विश्लेषण की आवश्यकता थी। यह सही है कि भारतीय सामन्ती ताकतें बाह्य आक्रांताओं का विरोध करने में समर्थ नहीं थीं। उनकी आपसी कलह और फूट ने मुस्लिम सामन्तों को पैर टिकाने की भूमि प्रदान की । जिससे जनसामान्य के कष्टों में अभूतपूर्व वृद्धि हुई। सामन्त हिन्दू हो या मुसलमान दोनों ने ही निम्नवर्गीय जनता के अन्तर्विरोध समान रहे। देशी सामन्तों की आत्मग्रस्त मानवविरोधी प्रवृत्ति के खिलाफ उतने ही संघर्ष की आवश्यकता थी जितनी कि मुस्लिम सामन्तों की। डॉ० रामविलास शर्मा ने इस आन्दोलन के मूल में निहित परिस्थितियों का समुचित आकलन करते हुए लिखा कि\u003c\/span\u003e-'' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eमुस्लिम शासन के प्रतिक्रियास्वरूप भक्ति आन्दोलन का प्रसार हुआ\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eयह धारणा सही नहीं है क्योंकि भक्ति आन्दोलन का सूत्रपात यहाँ तुर्को के आगमन के बहुत पहले हो गया था। इसके सिवाय भक्ति आन्दोलन का प्रसार उत्तर से दक्षिण के उन प्रदेशों में हुआ जहाँ पर सगुण निर्गुण भक्तों की भक्ति के तत्वों को समान रूप से विश्लेषित करने की कोशिश करते हैं तो कई प्रश्न खड़े हो जाते हैं।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eसबसे बड़ा सवाल खड़ा होता है कि पूर्ववर्ती लोकोन्मुखी संत सूफी कवियों के लेखन कर्म से भिन्न सगुण भक्त कवियों के काव्य में अवधारणात्मक परिवर्तन\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eएटिट्युडियल चेंज\u003c\/span\u003e) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eक्या हुए\u003c\/span\u003e? \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eक्या सगुणधारा का लेखन भी दलित निम्न जातियों की पीड़ा को शिद्दत से उभारता है न क्या उनका लेखन जनाभिमुख है\u003c\/span\u003e' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकबीर हो अथवा तुलसीदास हमें प्रत्येक कवि के भावबोध को समाज के बीच रखकर ही देखना होगा । उनके अन्तर्विरोधों की खरी पहचान करनी होगी। देखना होगा कि भक्त कवियों की दृष्टि मानवीयता का कितनी गहराई तक संस्पर्श कर सकी है\u003c\/span\u003e? \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसामन्ती जीवन पद्धति जिस जीवन रस को सोख रही थी सूर\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजायसी ने वहाँ सरस धारा के सोते को प्रवाहित किया। सूर ने लोक कथनों को तोड़ा । उनके यहाँ जीवनप्रियता और उत्सवधर्मिता है। सूरसागर का प्रेम मानव जीवन का प्रेय है। वह लोक से न्यारा नहीं सामंती समाज से न्यारा है। सामंती बंधनों से मुक्त उन्मूक्त\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eस्वच्छन्द है। मीरा ने सामन्ती रूढ़ जीवन मूल्यों की चुनौतियों को स्वीकार कर अन्दरूनी दबावों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eको झेलते हुए उनके खिलाफ संघर्ष किया । मीरा की भक्ति प्रतिरोध की\u003c\/span\u003e ' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eप्रोटेस्ट की भक्ति है।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eइस प्रकार भक्तिधारा में निर्गुण के साथ सगुण मत का अन्तर्मिश्रण हुआ। इन दो परस्पर विरोधी विचारधाराओं को ज्ञान और भक्ति के द्वन्द्वात्मक सम्बन्धों के बीच रखकर देखना होगा। दोनों के भीतर मध्ययुगीन जीवन मूल्यों के समान सकारात्मक पक्षों की तलाश दृष्टि के पारदर्शी होने में सन्देह पैदा करती है। सगुण भक्ति में बदलती सामाजिक स्थितियों में अनेक पौराणिक कर्मकाण्डीय प्रवृत्तियों के प्रति विरोध भाव व्यक्त करते हुए भी ब्राह्मण वर्चस्व के प्रति अतिरिक्त सजगता दीखती है जिसे निम्नवर्गीय दलित संतों ने चुनौती दी थी । उन्होंने निर्गुण और सगुण को लोक और शास्त्र के द्वन्द्व के रूप में देखा\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदोनों को एक जैसा मानते हुए डॉ० नामवर सिंह ने लिखा कि\u003c\/span\u003e-' ' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eराजसत्ता भक्तों के लिए सर्वथा उपेक्षा की वस्तु थी\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसके प्रति भक्तों के मन में न तो किसी प्रकार की भक्ति का भाव था न विरोध का ।\u003c\/span\u003e'' \u003cb\u003e(\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदूसरी परम्परा की खोज\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपू० ५६\u003c\/span\u003e) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eयह बहुत सही नहीं लगता\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eक्योंकि कबीर आदि संतों में राजसत्ता की उपेक्षा जोरदार स्वरों में मिलती है पर सगुण भक्तों के बारे में कहना ठीक नहीं है । दरअसल भक्ति का महिमामण्डन\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसमें निहित भक्तिजन्य प्रेमभाव इस प्रकार के एप्रोच को जन्म देता है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजबकि निर्गुण संतों की व्यापक विद्रोही तीखी दृष्टि सगुण भक्ति में सीमित संकुचित रूप लेकर उपस्थित हुई । संत कवियों का निगेटिव रुख\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउनका विरोधभाव जनसामान्य तक संप्रेषित ही नहीं सवहित होता है । उन्होंने न केवल वेद और शास्त्र की जड़ता को अस्वीकार किया वरन् लोकरुढ़ि में मौजूद अंध विश्वासों का भी पुरजोर विरोध किया । जबकि आचार्य शुक्ल और डॉ० रामविलास शर्मा सगुण भक्ति को भागवत धर्म और वैष्णव धर्म का विकास यानि वेदशास्त्र समर्थित स्वीकार किया । आचार्य द्विवेदी ने निर्गुण मत को\u003c\/span\u003e '\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eलोकचिता के साथ खडा किया । इस प्रकार भक्ति\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकाव्य के सन्दर्भ में दो तरह की अवधारणाएँ स्पष्ट हैं\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिसमें भक्ति और योग\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eलोक और शास्त्र\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआध्यात्मिकता और भौतिकता\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपारलौकिकता और इहलौकिकता के बीच विरोध और समन्वय के बिन्दु मुख्य बने। इसको डॉ० मैनेजर पाण्डेय ने\u003c\/span\u003e '\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eहिन्दी आलोचना का महाभारत\u003c\/span\u003e' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकहा है\u003c\/span\u003e, '\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिसका कुरुक्षेत्र है भक्तिकाव्य। इसी बाद\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eविवाद की स्थिति में मुक्तिबोध को सगुण मत\u003c\/span\u003e' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eनिम्नवर्ग के विरुद्ध उच्चवंशीय संस्कारशील अभिरुचि वालों का संघर्ष\u003c\/span\u003e '\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eप्रतीत हुआ जो सही था । कृष्ण भक्ति कई अर्थों में निम्नवर्गीय भक्ति आन्दोलन से प्रभावित थी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eलेकिन तुलसीदास की रामभक्ति तो वर्ण व्यवस्था का खण्डन करते हुए भी रामराज्य में उसी का आदर्शीकरण करती दीखती है । वास्तव में लोकधर्म का रूप कबीर से तुलसीदास तक उत्तरोत्तर बदलता चला गया\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eमहाकवि तुलसीदास को लेकर अतिवादी प्रतिक्रियायें भी आयीं। मुक्तिबोध और डॉ० नामवर सिह ने उन्हें\u003c\/span\u003e '\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eवर्ण व्यवस्था के पोषक\u003c\/span\u003e' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकवि के रूप में देखा तो आचार्य शुक्ल उनकी सराहना करते नहीं थकते और डॉ० रामविलास शर्मा को तो वे श्रेष्ठ सामन्त विरोधी कवि प्रतीत होते हैं । अन्तर्विरोध तुलसीदास में अवश्य हैं\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसामन्ती वर्चस्व से स्वयं को बचा पाना उनके लिए सम्भव न हो सका था। यही कारण है कि उनमें सामन्ती सम्बन्धों में मुक्ति की बजाय सन्तुलन की प्रवृति प्रबल रही। हमें देखना होगा कि कैसे एक बड़ा रचनाकार असंगठित होते बिखरावग्रस्त समाज के सारे वैषम्यों को समेटकर संतुलन देने की कोशिश कर रहा था राम प्रताप विषमता खोई\u003c\/span\u003e'\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003e। उनके विरोध या संघर्ष की दिशा भले ही काल्पनिक हो पर कवि का रामराज्य का यह विकल्प उनके विरोध को अधिक रचनात्मक रूप प्रदान करता है। सामन्ती वर्ग सम्बन्धों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eचरित्रों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसामन्ती ढाँचे के पक्ष में जब महाकवि खड़े होते हैं तो वर्णव्यवस्था के पोषक दीखने लगते हैं\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपर अनेकश\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउन्होंने वर्ण व्यवस्था पर चोट की है।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eदरअसल उस दौर में सामाजिक अन्तर्विरोधों की झलक विरोध और समन्वय के भीतर मिलती है\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिसे कबीर\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजायसी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसूर\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eमीरा\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eतुलसी ने अपने\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eअपने स्तर से अभिव्यक्त किया। इन कवियों ने ब्रह्मलीन आनन्दावस्था को प्रेम के साथ जोड़कर ही देखा। प्रेम ऐसा मूल तत्त्व है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिसे दोनों धाराओं के कवियों में समान रूप से अवस्थित देखते हैं। इस प्रेमतत्त्व ने अनेकता में एकता स्थापित करने का कार्य किया । राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर जनसामान्य को एकसूत्र में पिरोया । प्रेम को हम भक्ति आन्दोलन की आत्मा के बहाव के रूप में देख सकते हैं। जो भी आध्यात्मिकता यहां उभरी है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसके केन्द्र में मनुष्यता रही है। जहां भी सगुण भक्त कवि शास्त्र सम्मत विधियों के साथ अपने को खड़ा करते हैं\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eवहाँ उनका सीमित नजरिया ब्राह्मणवादी विचारधारा की पुष्टि करने लगता है । बावजूद इसके भक्तिकाव्य की लोकपरकता अद्वितीय है। जीवन की सच्ची परिस्थितियों को सीधे\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसीधे आत्मसात कर मार्मिकअंकन करना भक्त कवियों की खासियत है । उन कवियों ने रचनात्मक प्रयोगात्मक वैविध्य के धरातल पर भी लोकजीवन में समाहित नया रूप\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eविधान ग्रहण किया जो लोकपरम्पराओं की ऊर्जा और जीवंतता से सम्पृक्त था । लोकरूपों का वैविध्य संस्कृत की अभिजात्य परम्परा को तोड़कर अस्तित्व में आया । देशी जन भाषाओं में लोकसंस्कृति और लोकसंवेदनाओं की यह अभिव्यक्ति सामन्त विरोधी प्रकृति की द्योतक है । पर्व\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउत्सव और प्रवृति के बीच रचा\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eबसा जनजीवन अपनी प्रामाणिक पहचान बनाने में समर्थ रहा । लोक\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजीवन में सांस्कृतिक क्षेत्रों का जितना फैलाव है उतनी गहराई भी है। झूलना\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eहिडोला\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eचाँचर\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eहोली\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसोहर आदि लोकरूप\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eलोक जीवन की उपज हैं। विघटित होती सामन्ती व्यवस्था के बीच जनसामान्य की सहज भावनाओं\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eमनोवृत्तियों से रिश्ता कायम करता यह आन्दोलन हिन्दी साहित्य के इतिहास में समृद्धत्तर युग के रूप में व्याख्यायित हुआ।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eमध्य युग के उत्तरार्द्ध तक आते\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e- \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआते सामन्ती ताकतें सिर उठाने लगीं और विरोध भाव जो संत भक्त कवियों के यहां अभिव्यक्त हुआ था\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकमजोर पड़ने लगा । भक्ति धारा का वह आवेग क्रमश\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eअवरुद्ध होता चला गया\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजन पक्षीय सौन्दर्य\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदृष्टि क्षीण होती गयी और कलापक्ष की प्रधानता के साथ ही रीतियुग का प्रारम्भ हुआ । सवाल उठता है कि भक्तियुगीन व्यापक आन्दोलन के बाद साहित्य पुन\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसंकुचित\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसीमित परिधि में क्यों सिमट गया\u003c\/span\u003e ' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eधर्माचार्यों द्वारा पैदा की गयी साम्प्रदायिक कट्टरता को संत भक्त कवियों ने कम किया था\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपर बाद में यह कट्टरता बढ़ी और रीतिवाद का पुनरुत्थान हुआ।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eरीतिकालीन यह काव्य परम्परा हिन्दी भाषी प्रदेश में सामन्त वर्ग की अपनी विशिष्ट सांस्कृतिक परम्परा है। यह परम्परा एकबारगी नहीं पनपी बल्कि भाषा की आभिजात्यता\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकथ्य की वक्रता\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकल्पना की उड़ान सगुण काव्य में ही उसकी झलक दीखने लगी थी। दरअसल सामाजिक परिवर्तन अप्रत्याशित नहीं होते उसके पीछे निर्माण की लम्बी पृष्ठभूमि होती है। तुलसीदास के समय से ही एक नये ढंग का जातीय\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसांस्कृतिक विचलन उपस्थित होने लगा था। वर्णाश्रम व्यवस्था\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजातिवाद\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eभाग्यवाद आदि को पुर्नस्थापित करने का प्रयास हुआ। सामाजिकता के पौराणिक आदर्शो को लोकमर्यादा का रूप दिया गया। धर्म सम्बन्धी जिन रूढ़ अन्य\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआस्थाओं को भक्ति विवेक सम्पृक्त कर रही थी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eवह फिर अन्तर्विरोधों से घिर गयी।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eमानवतावादी उदारता के साथ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसाथ वर्ण व्यवस्था के प्रति कट्टरता अस्तित्व में आयी। मुक्तिबोध ने सही लिखा कि\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजो भक्ति आन्दोलन जनता से शुरू हुआ और जिसमें सामाजिक कट्टरपन के विरुद्ध जनसाधारण की सांस्कृतिक चेतना\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसांस्कृतिक आशा\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआकांक्षाएँ बोलती थीं\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसका मनुष्य सत्य बोलता था। इसी भक्ति आन्दोलन को उच्चवर्गीयों ने आगे चलकर अपनी तरह बना दिया और उससे अपना समझौता करके\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eअनन्तर जनता के अपने तत्वों को उनमें से निकालकर उन्होंने उस पर अपना पूरा प्रभुत्व स्थापित कर लिया। \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e(\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eमुक्तिबोध रचनावली\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eखण्ड \u003c\/span\u003e3, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपू०\u003c\/span\u003e237)\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eइस प्रकार भक्तिकाल से ही रीतियुग के बीजसूत्र मिलने लगे थे\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eभक्ति का प्रभाव भी रीतियुगीन कवियों पर था। इस दौर में भक्ति की विभिन्न धारायें और सम्प्रदाय थे\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपर उनमें कोई जीवन्तता\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआवेग न था वरन् प्रवृत्तिगत जड़ता प्रधान हो गयी। रीतियुगीन कवि भी भक्त होने का दावा करते हैं। उन्होंने \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e'\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eराधा कन्हाई के सुमिरन\u003c\/span\u003e'\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eका बहाना तो किया ही लेकिन यह प्रवृत्ति क्षीण ही रही। उनकी कविताएँ भक्तियुगीन सरसता\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजीवन्तता के निकट भी नहीं पहुँच सकीं। भक्ति का आवेगात्मक प्रवाह बौद्धिकता में सिमटकर रह गया। यहाँ अहम सवाल खड़ा होता है कि भक्ति के अजस्र प्रवाह में हिचकोले लेता साहित्य रीतिकालीन संकुचित परिधि में शृंगार और नायिका भेद तक सिमट कर क्यों रह गया\u003c\/span\u003e? \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eडॉ० नामवर सिंह के शब्दों में कह सकते हैं\u003c\/span\u003e-'' \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eयदि आरम्भ के शास्त्र निरपेक्ष निर्गुण काव्य की शास्त्र सापेक्ष सगुण परिणति की ओर ध्यान दें तो शास्त्रीयतावाद के पुनरूत्थानवाद के रूप में रीतिकाव्य के प्रसार की संगति लग जाती है।\u003c\/span\u003e'' \u003cb\u003e(\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदूसरी परम्परा की खोज\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपू०\u003c\/span\u003e 85)\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eनिर्गुण काव्य की व्यापकता\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसकी उष्मा\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eओजस्वी तेवर सगुण भक्ति धारा में आकर सीमित नरम रुख ग्रहण कर लेते हैं। आगे चलकर सगुण भक्ति के ढर्रे पर रीतियुगीन कविता का विकास होता है। सूर के कृष्ण रसिकों के आदर्श बन गये\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eनायिकाओं के अनेक भेदों का चित्रण सूर ने किया है। नन्ददास ने नायिका भेद पर स्वतन्त्र अथ ही लिख डाला। राधा\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकृष्ण के भोग विलासमय चित्रों की बात ही क्या\u003c\/span\u003e? \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eराम जिनकी पूरी युवावस्था बनवास में ही बीती उन्हें भी रीतिकाल के प्रवाह में भोग\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eविलास में लिप्त दिखाया गया। सन्त कवियों की भाषायी अटपटी सपाट बानी आभिजात्य रूप ले लेती है । लेकिन सूर तुलसी की ब्रजभाषा उनके कवित्त\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसवैयों का विकसित रूप रीतिकालीन कविता में देखने को मिलता है। निश्चित ही भक्ति आन्दोलन का उदात्त सांस्कृतिक प्रवाह दरबारी चमत्कारिक वृत्तियों में सिमटकर रह जाता है। मौलिक उद्भावनाओं के स्थान पर रस\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eअलंकार छंद\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eनायिका\u003c\/span\u003e- \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eभेद आदि के क्षेत्र में संस्कृत की पुरानी क्लासिक परम्परा का सतही\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउथला पुनरूत्थानवादी रूप लिए कविगण उपस्थित होते हैं। फिर संस्कृत की पन्द्रह सौ वर्ष पुरानी समृद्ध परम्परा का पुनर्वतरण क्योंकर सम्भव था\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसका पिष्टपेषण ही हो सकता था। अत\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसमाज के बहुआयामी पक्षों से कटकर काव्यशास्त्रीय लक्षण क्र\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eथों में आबद्ध हो काव्यकौशल अभिव्यक्त होने लगा। रीति साहित्य में उक्ति भंगिमा\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eअतिरंजित चमत्कार युक्त आलंकारिक चित्रणों की भरमार हो गयी जो राजाश्रयी राजाओं की विलासी मानसिकता को परितृप्त करती थी। आधुनिक युग में प्रगतिशील जनपक्षधर कविता के बाद इसी प्रकार का प्रभाव प्रयोगवादी कवियों में देखने को मिलता है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजहाँ कविगण पूँजीवादी संस्थानों के पक्षधर बनकर अमूर्त्त सूक्ष्म सौन्दर्य\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eबोध का प्रचार प्रसार करते हैं। उनकी कविताओं में निहित चमत्कारिक भाव कहीं\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकहीं जुगुप्सा पैदा करने वाला होता है । रीतिकाल में पनपी भोगवादी प्रवत्ति के कारण नारी के नख\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eशिख वर्णन के अतिरेक भरे चित्र मिलते हैं। जिसके कारण ताजगी भरे नैसर्गिक सौन्दर्य\u003c\/span\u003e- \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eबिम्बों का अभाव हो गया । स्वकीया के बजाय परकीया प्रेम की प्रवृत्ति का प्राधान्य हो गया । नायकों की एक प्रेमिका या तीन\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eतीन प्रेमिकाएँ होंगी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eप्रेमिका के भी एक से अधिक प्रेमी हो सकते है न दै भोग विलास का आलंबन मात्र बनकर रह गयी। विलासिता में आपादमस्तक डूबे सामन्तों हेतु विलास\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसामग्री का उत्पादन होने लगा जरदोजी कपड़े\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eगहने\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजेवर\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eइत्र आदि का व्यापक पैमाने पर उत्पादन हुआ। उत्पादन कार्य के लिए यदि कारीगरों की कमी होती थी तो बड़े पैमाने पर लोगों को गुलाम बनाया जाता।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eप्रो० इरफान हबीब ने इसका जायजा अपनी पुस्तक मध्यकालीन भारत में लिया है। सामन्त वर्ग की शान शौकत गहने\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजेवर\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकपड़ों के साथ ही हाथी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eघोड़ों की संख्या से आँकी जाती थी। धन एय्यासी के मद में डूबे सामन्त उपभोक्ता संस्कृति को प्रश्रय देते थे। कवियों ने सौन्दर्य के अतिरेकपूर्ण चित्रों को रचा । चित्रण के लिए चित्रण की प्रवृति लक्षण ग्रन्यों के आधार पर मजबूत हुई सहज नैसर्गिक सौन्दर्य गायब हो गया। बिहारी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआलम\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eबोधा\u003c\/span\u003e,\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eघनानन्द आदि में सौन्दर्य के अनेक आकर्षक जीवन्त चित्र भी मिलते हैं। दरबार और भक्ति की कविता के साथ ही साथ ऐसी कविताएँ भी इस दौर में लिखी गयीं जिनका सम्बन्ध न तो भक्ति से था न ही दरबार से। दर्शन सम्बन्धी रीति\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eनीति के दोहे\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eवीरता सम्बन्धी कवितायें आयीं। भूषण छत्रसाल आदि ने जिमि करुणा मंह वीर रस की अवतारणा की। रीतियुगीन नंगी लोकलुप कविताओं को व्यक्त करने की होड़ में निश्चित ही यह बड़ी उपलब्धि थी। इसी दौर में लाल कवि ने महाराज छत्रसाल का जीवनचरित लिखा\u003c\/span\u003e '\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eरीतिकाल में कोई जीवन चरित लिखे यह काम अपने में यथार्थवाद और प्रगति का चिह्न है। इस तरह साहित्य में रीतिवाद का ढांचा टूटा नहीं कई बार झटके खाने के बाद भी लोकवादी साहित्य का विकास होता रहा। \u003c\/span\u003e(\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eडॉ० रामविलास शर्मा\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eहिन्दी जाति का साहित्य\u003c\/span\u003e) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eइसी से इस प्रश्न का जवाब भी मिल जाता है कि रीतियुगीन कविता की सामाजिक असम्बद्धता को देखते हुए पूरी तरह से उसे नकार देने की बजाय अन्तर्विरोधी परिस्थितियों के विश्लेषण पर दृष्टि निक्षेप आवश्यक है। भक्तियुग की विराट चेतना के निषेध में रीतियुग का प्रारम्भ आध्यात्म की जगह भौतिक सत्य की स्वीकृति थी। ईश्वर के स्थान पर जीवन को केन्द्र में रखना था\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजो बड़ी बात थी । लेकिन भौतिक विलासिता के संकुचित घेरे में आबद्ध हो जीवन की व्यापकता छीज गयी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eनिष्प्राण हो गयी और आध्यात्म के निषेध का भी कोई दार्शनिक आधार उनके पास नहीं था। निश्चित ही इसका कारण तद्युगीन परिस्थितियां थी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजो मनुष्य की इच्छा से स्वतंत्र और ज्यादा बलवती होती हैं। आचार्य हजारीप्रसाद द्विवेदी\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eआचार्य शुक्ल\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eडॉ० रामविलास शर्मा\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eडॉ० नामवर सिंह आदि ने इन स्थितियों के अन्तर्विरोधों को बखूबी विश्लेषित किया है। दरअसल रीतियुगीन साहित्य का अन्तर्विरोध वही था\u003c\/span\u003e,\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003e जो हर जगह सामन्तवाद के अन्दर होता है । सामन्ती समाज में राजसत्ता निश्चित ही भूस्वामी वर्ग के हाथ में होती है।\u003c\/span\u003e ''\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिस समाज में यह साहित्य रचा गया\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसका नेतृत्व सामन्तों के हाथ में था। उन्हीं के दरबारी कवियों ने उसे पुष्पित पल्लवित किया\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसने अपना और अपने अन्नदाताओं का मनोरंजन किया । कुछ आलोचक यह स्वीकार करते हुए भी कि यह परम्परा विकृत है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eइसका दोष सारे समाज पर मढ़ते हैं न कि सामन्त वर्ग विशेष पर। लेकिन विलास और अनाचार के जो साधन इन सामन्तों और उनके चाटुकारों को सुलभ थे\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eवे जनसाधारण को सुलभ न थे। जनसाधारण की काव्य रुचि मूलत\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदरबारी काव्य रुचि से भिन्न है। इसलिए पूरे समाज को दोष न देकर सामन्तवर्ग को दोष देना चाहिए जो किसानों की कमाई पर ऐश करते थे । ईश्वर के अंश बनकर धर्म की रक्षा के नाम पर जर्जर सामन्ती व्यवस्था कायम रक्खे थे। यह स्वीकार करना होगा कि साहित्य का सामाजिक आधार होता है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउसपर किन्हीं विशेष वर्गों की रुचि आदि का प्रभाव पड़ता है।\u003c\/span\u003e'' (\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eडॉ० रामविलास शर्मा\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपरम्परा का मूल्यांकन\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eपू०\u003c\/span\u003e 97) \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजाहिर है कि रीतिवादी साहित्य सामन्ती समाज की विलासी मानसिकता की परितृप्ति में रचा गया। उच्चवर्गीय इस समाज से विच्छिन्न जनसामान्य की स्थिति दिन\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eब\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eदिन बदतर होती चली जा रही थी । सामन्ती समाज के दमनात्मक रवैये के खिलाफ जनसामान्य के भीतर पैदा हुई जागृति जगह\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजगह जनान्दोलनों का रूप लेकर उभरी। किसानों\u003c\/span\u003e-\u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eकारीगरों की मुक्ति की आकांक्षा को लेकर शिवाजी के नेतृत्व में मराठों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसिक्सों\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजाटों का संघर्ष पराकाष्ठा पर पहुँच गया । इस प्रकार सामन्ती सामाजिक ढाँचा अपनी विसंगतियों से घिर जाता है और पतनशील परिस्थितियाँ उसे सांस्कृतिक ह्यासोन्यूखता की ओर ले जाती हैं। सामन्ती रूढ़ियों की परिधि के भीतर से ही आधुनिक काल की शुरुआत हुई\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eअंग्रेजी शासन की नींव पड़ी । आभिजात्य और लोकरुचि के बीच नया सेतु विकसित हुआ। लोक सम्बद्ध धारा अपने अन्तर्विरोधों से सम्पृक्त हो पुन\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eप्रवहमान हुई।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eइस प्रकार प्रस्तुत पुस्तक में मध्ययुगीन उपलब्धियों को विभिन्न निबन्धों में सुसंगत सोच के साथ प्रस्तुत करने का प्रयास हुआ है। इतनी सुपरिचित और निश्चित विषयबद्धता में उल्लेखनीय मौलिकता का दावा तो बड़ी बात होगी\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eलेकिन विश्लेषण में वस्तुमूलक दृष्टि का प्रयोग एक हद तक अवश्य हुआ है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eजिससे विश्लेषण की प्रमाणिकता और बढ़ी ही है। लेकिन सही निर्णय तो विज्ञ पाठक ही दे सकते हैं।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eपुस्तक लिखते समय विद्वद्जनों की जो मदद और प्रेरणा मिली उनके प्रति मैं कृतज्ञ हूँ। पुस्तक पाठकों तक पहुँच सकी\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eइसका श्रेय प्रख्यात प्रकाशक श्री पुरुषोत्तमदास मोदी को है\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eउनके प्रति मैं आभारी हूँ।\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ctable class=\"MsoNormalTable\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eविषय-सूची\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eभूमिका\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003ev-xvii\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eकबीर साहित्य का समाज-दर्शन\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eतुलसीदास गति और प्रगति\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eसूरकाव्य का सांस्कृतिक बोध\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e16\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e4\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eजायसी की प्रेम साधना\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e27\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eरीतिकालीन परिवेश और प्रवृत्तियाँ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e36\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e6\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eकेशव काव्य-प्रतिभा और पांडित्य\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e44\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eबिहारी : भाषा की समास शक्ति और कल्पना की समाहार शक्ति\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e70\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e8\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eमतिराम और उनकी भाव सरसता\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e83\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eभूषण : पौरुष और पराक्रम के प्रतीक\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e96\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eदेव विलक्षण पाण्डित्य\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e105\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e11\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eभावमूर्ति पद्माकर\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e116\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e12\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eघनानन्द\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e, \u003cspan lang=\"HI\"\u003eसाक्षात् रसमूर्ति\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e125\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e13\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eद्विजदेव के काव्य में रस और ऋतु\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e148\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e14\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eब्रजभाषा काव्य और भारतेन्दु\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e155\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e15\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"HI\" xss=\"removed\"\u003eब्रजभाषा काव्य-परम्परा के अन्तिम प्रौढ़ कवि\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd nowrap xss=\"removed\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" xss=\"removed\"\u003e\u003cspan xss=\"removed\"\u003e166\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" nza957aa.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" nza957bb.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" nza957cc.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" nza957dd.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" nza957ee.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" nza957ff.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" nza957gg.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577435189549,"sku":"NZA957","price":11.8,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nza957.jpg?v=1677424351"},{"product_id":"research-journal-of-mahasvini-rashtriya-sanskrit-vidyapeetha-triupati-nai728","title":"महस्विनी: Research Journal of Mahasvini Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Triupati","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAI728\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/acharya%20harekishna%20shatpathi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"आचार्य हरेकृष्णशतपथी (Acharya Harekishna Shatpathi)\"\u003eआचार्य हरेकृष्णशतपथी (Acharya Harekishna Shatpathi)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/rashtriya%20sanskrit%20vidyapeetha%20tirupati\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati\"\u003eRashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Only\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2009\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e137\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePaperback\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.5 inch X 6.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e220 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nai728b.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cmeta content=\"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered)\" name=\"Generator\"\u003e \u003cstyle type=\"text\/css\"\u003e \u003c!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%20%20%20%2F*%20Font%20Definitions%20*%2F%20%20%20%40font-face%20%20%20%7Bfont-family%3A%22Cambria%20Math%22%3B%20%20%20panose-1%3A2%204%205%203%205%204%206%203%202%204%3B%7D%20%20%40font-face%20%20%20%7Bfont-family%3ACalibri%3B%20%20%20panose-1%3A2%2015%205%202%202%202%204%203%202%204%3B%7D%20%20%20%2F*%20Style%20Definitions%20*%2F%20%20%20p.MsoNormal%2C%20li.MsoNormal%2C%20div.MsoNormal%20%20%20%7Bmargin-top%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Calibri%22%2C%22sans-serif%22%3B%7D%20%20h1%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%201%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A24.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A14.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%7D%20%20h1.CxSpFirst%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%201%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A24.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A14.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%7D%20%20h1.CxSpMiddle%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%201%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A14.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%7D%20%20h1.CxSpLast%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%201%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A14.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%7D%20%20h2%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%202%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A13.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%7D%20%20h3%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%203%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A112%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%7D%20%20h4%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%204%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20h5%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%205%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20color%3A%237F7F7F%3B%7D%20%20h6%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%206%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A112%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20color%3A%237F7F7F%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoHeading7%2C%20li.MsoHeading7%2C%20div.MsoHeading7%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%207%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoHeading8%2C%20li.MsoHeading8%2C%20div.MsoHeading8%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%208%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoHeading9%2C%20li.MsoHeading9%2C%20div.MsoHeading9%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Heading%209%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.25pt%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoTitle%2C%20li.MsoTitle%2C%20div.MsoTitle%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Title%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20border%3Anone%3B%20%20%20padding%3A0in%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A26.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.25pt%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoTitleCxSpFirst%2C%20li.MsoTitleCxSpFirst%2C%20div.MsoTitleCxSpFirst%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Title%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20border%3Anone%3B%20%20%20padding%3A0in%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A26.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.25pt%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle%2C%20li.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle%2C%20div.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Title%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20border%3Anone%3B%20%20%20padding%3A0in%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A26.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.25pt%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoTitleCxSpLast%2C%20li.MsoTitleCxSpLast%2C%20div.MsoTitleCxSpLast%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Title%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20border%3Anone%3B%20%20%20padding%3A0in%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A26.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.25pt%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoSubtitle%2C%20li.MsoSubtitle%2C%20div.MsoSubtitle%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Subtitle%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A30.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A12.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.65pt%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20em%20%20%20%7Bletter-spacing%3A.5pt%3B%20%20%20border%3Anone%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoNoSpacing%2C%20li.MsoNoSpacing%2C%20div.MsoNoSpacing%20%20%20%7Bmargin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Calibri%22%2C%22sans-serif%22%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoListParagraph%2C%20li.MsoListParagraph%2C%20div.MsoListParagraph%20%20%20%7Bmargin-top%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A.5in%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Calibri%22%2C%22sans-serif%22%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst%2C%20li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst%2C%20div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst%20%20%20%7Bmargin-top%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A.5in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Calibri%22%2C%22sans-serif%22%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle%2C%20li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle%2C%20div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle%20%20%20%7Bmargin-top%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A.5in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Calibri%22%2C%22sans-serif%22%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast%2C%20li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast%2C%20div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast%20%20%20%7Bmargin-top%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A.5in%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Calibri%22%2C%22sans-serif%22%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoQuote%2C%20li.MsoQuote%2C%20div.MsoQuote%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Quote%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A.25in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A.25in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Calibri%22%2C%22sans-serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoIntenseQuote%2C%20li.MsoIntenseQuote%2C%20div.MsoIntenseQuote%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-link%3A%22Intense%20Quote%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20margin-top%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A.8in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A14.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A.7in%3B%20%20%20text-align%3Ajustify%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20border%3Anone%3B%20%20%20padding%3A0in%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Calibri%22%2C%22sans-serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20span.MsoSubtleEmphasis%20%20%20%7Bfont-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20span.MsoIntenseEmphasis%20%20%20%7Bfont-weight%3Abold%3B%7D%20%20span.MsoSubtleReference%20%20%20%7Bfont-variant%3Asmall-caps%3B%7D%20%20span.MsoIntenseReference%20%20%20%7Bfont-variant%3Asmall-caps%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.25pt%3B%20%20%20text-decoration%3Aunderline%3B%7D%20%20span.MsoBookTitle%20%20%20%7Bfont-variant%3Asmall-caps%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.25pt%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoTocHeading%2C%20li.MsoTocHeading%2C%20div.MsoTocHeading%20%20%20%7Bmargin-top%3A24.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A14.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoTocHeadingCxSpFirst%2C%20li.MsoTocHeadingCxSpFirst%2C%20div.MsoTocHeadingCxSpFirst%20%20%20%7Bmargin-top%3A24.0pt%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A14.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoTocHeadingCxSpMiddle%2C%20li.MsoTocHeadingCxSpMiddle%2C%20div.MsoTocHeadingCxSpMiddle%20%20%20%7Bmargin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A14.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%7D%20%20p.MsoTocHeadingCxSpLast%2C%20li.MsoTocHeadingCxSpLast%2C%20div.MsoTocHeadingCxSpLast%20%20%20%7Bmargin%3A0in%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A14.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%7D%20%20span.Heading1Char%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Heading%201%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3A%22Heading%201%22%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%7D%20%20span.Heading2Char%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Heading%202%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3A%22Heading%202%22%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%7D%20%20span.Heading3Char%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Heading%203%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3A%22Heading%203%22%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%7D%20%20span.Heading4Char%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Heading%204%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3A%22Heading%204%22%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20span.Heading5Char%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Heading%205%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3A%22Heading%205%22%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20color%3A%237F7F7F%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%7D%20%20span.Heading6Char%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Heading%206%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3A%22Heading%206%22%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20color%3A%237F7F7F%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20span.Heading7Char%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Heading%207%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3A%22Heading%207%22%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20span.Heading8Char%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Heading%208%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3A%22Heading%208%22%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%7D%20%20span.Heading9Char%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Heading%209%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3A%22Heading%209%22%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.25pt%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20span.TitleChar%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Title%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3ATitle%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.25pt%3B%7D%20%20span.SubtitleChar%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Subtitle%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3ASubtitle%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Cambria%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20letter-spacing%3A.65pt%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20span.QuoteChar%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Quote%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3AQuote%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20span.IntenseQuoteChar%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22Intense%20Quote%20Char%22%3B%20%20%20mso-style-link%3A%22Intense%20Quote%22%3B%20%20%20font-weight%3Abold%3B%20%20%20font-style%3Aitalic%3B%7D%20%20.MsoPapDefault%20%20%20%7Bmargin-bottom%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20line-height%3A115%25%3B%7D%20%20%40page%20Section1%20%20%20%7Bsize%3A8.5in%2011.0in%3B%20%20%20margin%3A1.0in%201.0in%201.0in%201.0in%3B%7D%20%20div.Section1%20%20%20%7Bpage%3ASection1%3B%7D%20%20%2D%2D%3E--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Section1\"\u003e \u003cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbout the Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Mahasvini is a half-yearly Research Journal published y the Department of Research and Publications, Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati. Articles of high standard written in Sanskrit and English by eminent Sanskrit scholars, faculty members and Research Scholars are published. Various Indological topics come under the purview of the magazine.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nai728c.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nai728d.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nai728e.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eSample Page\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nai728f.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577436598573,"sku":"NAI728","price":17.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nai728.jpg?v=1677424358"},{"product_id":"research-journal-of-mahasvini-rashtriya-sanskrit-vidyapeetha-nai894","title":"महस्विनी: Research Journal of Mahasvini Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAI894\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/prof%20d%20prahlada%20acharya\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"प्रो. डि. प्रह्लादाचार्य (Prof. D. Prahlada Acharya)\"\u003eप्रो. डि. प्रह्लादाचार्य (Prof. D. Prahlada Acharya)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/rashtriya%20sanskrit%20vidyapeetha%20tirupati\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati\"\u003eRashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Only\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2000\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e120\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.5 inch X 6.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e310 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e \u003cmeta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e \u003cmeta name=\"Generator\" content=\"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered)\"\u003e \u003cstyle\u003e \u003c!-- \/* Font Definitions *\/ @font-face {font-family:\"Cambria Math\"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;} \/* Style Definitions *\/ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} h1 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 1 Char\"; margin-top:24.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h1.CxSpFirst {mso-style-link:\"Heading 1 Char\"; margin-top:24.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h1.CxSpMiddle {mso-style-link:\"Heading 1 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h1.CxSpLast {mso-style-link:\"Heading 1 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h2 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 2 Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:13.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h3 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 3 Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:112%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h4 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 4 Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-style:italic;} h5 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 5 Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; color:#7F7F7F;} h6 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 6 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:112%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; color:#7F7F7F; font-style:italic;} p.MsoHeading7, li.MsoHeading7, div.MsoHeading7 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 7 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-style:italic;} p.MsoHeading8, li.MsoHeading8, div.MsoHeading8 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 8 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} p.MsoHeading9, li.MsoHeading9, div.MsoHeading9 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 9 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt; font-style:italic;} p.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle {mso-style-link:\"Title Char\"; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; border:none; padding:0in; font-size:26.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt;} p.MsoTitleCxSpFirst, li.MsoTitleCxSpFirst, div.MsoTitleCxSpFirst {mso-style-link:\"Title Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; border:none; padding:0in; font-size:26.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt;} p.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle, li.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle, div.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle {mso-style-link:\"Title Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; border:none; padding:0in; font-size:26.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt;} p.MsoTitleCxSpLast, li.MsoTitleCxSpLast, div.MsoTitleCxSpLast {mso-style-link:\"Title Char\"; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; border:none; padding:0in; font-size:26.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt;} p.MsoSubtitle, li.MsoSubtitle, div.MsoSubtitle {mso-style-link:\"Subtitle Char\"; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:30.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.65pt; font-style:italic;} em {letter-spacing:.5pt; border:none; font-weight:bold;} p.MsoNoSpacing, li.MsoNoSpacing, div.MsoNoSpacing {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:.5in; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:.5in; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoQuote, li.MsoQuote, div.MsoQuote {mso-style-link:\"Quote Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:.25in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.25in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; font-style:italic;} p.MsoIntenseQuote, li.MsoIntenseQuote, div.MsoIntenseQuote {mso-style-link:\"Intense Quote Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:.8in; margin-bottom:14.0pt; margin-left:.7in; text-align:justify; line-height:115%; border:none; padding:0in; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} span.MsoSubtleEmphasis {font-style:italic;} span.MsoIntenseEmphasis {font-weight:bold;} span.MsoSubtleReference {font-variant:small-caps;} span.MsoIntenseReference {font-variant:small-caps; letter-spacing:.25pt; text-decoration:underline;} span.MsoBookTitle {font-variant:small-caps; letter-spacing:.25pt; font-style:italic;} p.MsoTocHeading, li.MsoTocHeading, div.MsoTocHeading {margin-top:24.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} p.MsoTocHeadingCxSpFirst, li.MsoTocHeadingCxSpFirst, div.MsoTocHeadingCxSpFirst {margin-top:24.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} p.MsoTocHeadingCxSpMiddle, li.MsoTocHeadingCxSpMiddle, div.MsoTocHeadingCxSpMiddle {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} p.MsoTocHeadingCxSpLast, li.MsoTocHeadingCxSpLast, div.MsoTocHeadingCxSpLast {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading1Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 1 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 1\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading2Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 2 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 2\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading3Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 3 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 3\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading4Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 4 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 4\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} span.Heading5Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 5 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 5\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; color:#7F7F7F; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading6Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 6 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 6\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; color:#7F7F7F; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} span.Heading7Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 7 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 7\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-style:italic;} span.Heading8Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 8 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 8\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} span.Heading9Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 9 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 9\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt; font-style:italic;} span.TitleChar {mso-style-name:\"Title Char\"; mso-style-link:Title; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt;} span.SubtitleChar {mso-style-name:\"Subtitle Char\"; mso-style-link:Subtitle; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.65pt; font-style:italic;} span.QuoteChar {mso-style-name:\"Quote Char\"; mso-style-link:Quote; font-style:italic;} span.IntenseQuoteChar {mso-style-name:\"Intense Quote Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Intense Quote\"; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} .MsoPapDefault {margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --\u003e \u003c\/style\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Section1\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003eMahasvini is a half-yearly Research Journal published y the Department of Research and Publications, Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati. Articles of high standard written in Sanskrit and English by eminent Sanskrit scholars, faculty members and Research Scholars are published. Various Indological topics come under the purview of the magazine.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nai894b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nai894c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Page\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nai894d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577436860717,"sku":"NAI894","price":23.2,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nai894.jpg?v=1677424369"},{"product_id":"bharatakosa-dictionary-to-technical-terms-with-definitions-on-music-and-dance-collected-from-works-of-bharata-and-others-old-and-rare-book-nza191","title":"भरतकोश : Bharatakosa (A Dictionary to Technical Terms with definitions on Music and Dance Collected from the Works of Bharata and Others) - (An Old and Rare Book)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZA191\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/m%20ramakrishna%20kavi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"M. Ramakrishna Kavi\"\u003eM. Ramakrishna Kavi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/tirumala%20tirupati%20devasthanams%20tirupati\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati\"\u003eTirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1999\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1008\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e11.0 inch x 9.0 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e2.10 kg\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbout the Book\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e ‘Bharatakosa’ is a dictionary of rare distinction explaining the technical terms found in Natya Satra and Karnataka Music. There are more than 7000 entries with their numerous derivations as explained by Sastrakaras from time to time. An appendix containing more than 2000 words in 200 pages is also added by the lexicographer. More than sixty authors of Indian origin and various anonymous authors are studied here. Scholars like Sarangadeva Kumba, Nanyadeva, Vema, Gopathippa, Bhoja, Amritha Nandi, Sarada Thanaya, Palkuriki Soma, Someswara, Ashoka etc., are quoted extensively to define a word. ‘Bharatakosa’, a monumental work by Ramakrishna Kavi, encompasses every branch of fine arts and it testifies to the profound erudition and encyclopaedic knowledge of the author about India’s varied culture.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Even a cursory glance of the book will be enough to emphasise the importance of the book. It is, as critics acclaim, a landmark in the history of Indian Dance, Drama and Music.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e Manavalli Ramakrishna Kavi popularly known as M.R. Kavi evokes a rare kind of response and reverence from the students of Telugu and Sanskrit literature. Born in 1866 at Nungambakkam, Madras in a Family of Scholars, he did pioneering work in the field of letters. When textual criticism was taking shape in the country, he edited and published many a Telugu and Sanskrit work. Bharata’s “Natyasastra”, Dheera Naga’s “Kundamala”, and works of Mularaja, Sudraka, Nanyadeva also came to light thanks to his tireless efforts. Through his Dakshina Bharatha Granthamala he published a series of books on some lesser known poets under the title ‘Vismritha Kavulu’ – in Telugu. He has a good number of Telugu and Sanskrit original works to his credit. He has been associated with Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams for fourteen years. The scholar passed away in September, 1957. He compiled and edited Bharatakosa which is hailed as “the quintessence of Bharata Sastra” by Dr. Tirumala Ramchandra.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e The Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, besides maintaining the temples at Tirumala, Tiruchanur and other places under its administration according to the traditional injunctions prescribed in Agamasastras, and looking after the convenience of the perennial flow of pilgrims from all over the globe almost round the clock, has been evincing keen interest in the proper development of social and cultural activities too. The Veda Patasala, the S.V. Oriental Research Institute, the S.V. Oriental College, the Annamacarya, the Dasasahitya, the Alwar Divya Prabandha, the Bhagavata Projects are standing testimony to the Devasthanamas abiding interest in the preservation and propagation of Indian heritage.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e As part of this endeavour, the S.V. Oriental Research Institute (now a wing of S.V. University) has brought out quite a good number of publications which have deservedly earned wider renown among the scholars both in the orient and the occident, and which even today serve as ready reference works.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e One such publication is Bharatakosa a voluminous dictionary of technical words found in the various texts, not only in Sanskrit but also in Prakrt language, on Natya (Dance), Sangita (Music) and Kavyalankara (Rhetoric), brought out by the T.T. Devasthanamas in 1951. Such technical terms have been collected from various works on Natakalaksana (Dramaturgy), Gita (Music), Nrtta (Dance) and Vadya, (Musical instruments). The lists of authors and books referred to in this complication, from Bharata (500 B.C.) to Ranganatha (1750 A.D) and from Natyasastra to Bharata Kalpalata are really amazing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Manavalli Ramakrishna Kavi (1866-1957), the author of Bharatakosa was a multifaceted scholar of rare eminence. He was a polyglot too, well-versed in many subjects endowed with an innate aptitude for research. An esteemed literary figure, he was the T.T. Devasthanams Educational Officer in 1933 when he started a journal by name Sri Venkatesvara – forerunner of the “T.T. Devasthanams Monthly Bulletin” which later blossomed into the present Sapthagiri monthly. He was later on the staff of S.V. Oriental Research Institute, Tirupati from 1940 to 1954 as Head of the Department of Sanskrit. It was he who first brought out Bharata’s Natyasastra with the scholarly commentary of Abhinavagupta. Again, it was he who found out the greatest work on Music, the Bharatabhasya by Nanyadeva, the famous king of Mithila. The words of K.P. jayaswal in Modern Review, June 1928.... ‘Ramakrishna Kavi is himself a discovery. His knowledge of Sanskrit Sahitya is of the rare traditional type, that is, unlimited and at the same time it is critical’ describe succinctly the qualities of the profound scholar that he was.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The book Bharatakosa was out of print for a long ime. The T.T. Devasthanams feels happy and privileged in bringing out the second edition of this monumental work. It is earnestly hoped that it will receive the acclaim of the scholars, as it did earlier and be of great use to them in their research endeavour.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e In placing this work before the public I have not much to say except by way of apology. When I undertook the edition of Natya Sastra of Bharata with the most scholarly commentary of Abhinavagupta it was not realised by me that the task was like the lifting of a mountain without scientific aid or machinery. Chapters 28 to 34 deal with music all through. Abhinav is a profound scholar and one of the greatest thinkers in Philosophy and Aesthetics. To ensure myself of the right significance of the expression of Bharata and his great spokesman, both of whom possess terse and deep voice capable of lifting one’s soul of the highest pinnacle of ethical aesthetics, I had of necessity to acquire and study all the available works in Natya, Sangita and Kavyalankara and a few decades of my life saw me wading through the ocean of thought of great sages who devoted their lives to the science. The task is endless and the span of life is short; memory is like the foot-prints on the sands and infirmities of old age darken the dying flow of intellect. Considering the needs of the research world it was thought feasible that an index of the technical words used in those great works with the definition of the authors will be of immense help to scholars who devote themselves to the study of the science and on the advice of the director of the Institute the themselves to the study of the advice of the Director of the institute the complication was begun and God Sri Venkatesvara has shed His Divine grace for its completion in two years and a half. Though the work exacted all the resources of my mind, yet I see it is not a fitting compliment to the vastness of studies it involved. Everything has its uses and every user may derive inspiration from the utterances of great thinkers culled here, and I find solace if it proves useful to any scholar who is ardent in turning over these pages.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The subjects that the technical terms are culled from are four, viz., Dramaturgy or Natakalaksana, music or Gita, dancing or Nrtta and Instruments or Vadya with Prosody relating to Divine song Dhrvagana. Originally it was proposed to include Alankara or rhetoric, subtleties in expressions or Dhvani, erotics or Kamasastra and all the branches of architecture (of temples, royal mansions, town-planning, painting and Iconography.) But in consideration of the length of time and extension of the studies which these subjects would involve, the scope of the work was limited while a more powerful factor in the decision is that the letter subjects are not kindred, though of equal importance and therefore deserve separate treatises. Of the five subjects excluded, prosody is given a minor place; prosodial terms as used in the other three subjects are included. It was found necessary to extend the selection to prakrt languages. Bharata deals at length with all these subjects and his ideas are only augmented and never altered or received or revised by subsequent writers and as he is still the fountain-head, this compilation is named Bharatakosa. The conspectus of his introduction may be put as (1) the extension of each subject, (2) the manner of the inclusion of technical terms and (3) bibliographical notice of authors who contributed material for the denotation of each word.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e I Dramaturgy: - Bharata restricts himself to the description of ten kinds of dramatic composition, excluding Geya or lyrical plays. Kohala includes ten more and later scholars describe more than thirty. The composition of the story and the five units with sub-divisions thereof are dealt with at length. They are called Sandhyangam. Purvaranga is described in two or three ways by Bharata, Matrgupta, Kirtidhara etc. Rasa and bhava come under Dramaturgy.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e II Music (Sangita) proper treats of Svara, Gita, Raga, Prabandha (Musical Composition) and Prakirna (Miscellaneous). Here what is dealt with in chapter 31 of Bharata called Taladhgaya is considered as seven divine songs (Sapta gita) which are now extinct. Bharata, Dattila, Nanya and Kumbhaakarna have defined the subject well.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e III Instrument (Vadya) is classified broadly into Vina, Vamsa (Flute), Mrdanga (Drum) and Tala. Vinas have changed in shape and use in every century and with each user.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The shape of Dhanus (a bow), as we see in the sculptures, called Pinaka by Gautamputra, was considered as an accompaniment of a beggar to earn his livelihood in 1400 A.D. Mattakokila of Bharata, Citra of Matanga, Vipanci of Svati have all gone out of date. In this compilation definitions are given for as many kinds of lute as one can find the literature. The old lutes require high Srutijnana (Perfect knowledge of all varieties of tunes); but the modern instrument wherein fret are permanently fixed and each raga has a determined Sthana to play on, the matter is much simplified and several conveniences are introduced in a single machine. For, in times when Vina had seven or more upper strings, without frets or with movable ones, more than one instrument was necessary to sing more than one Raga in a royal court or in Yajnasala. The case is similar with flute which is now fixed with one or two tunes which suit the player, but which in olden times different in more than three pipes to suit the kind of audience near or distant, Nagara or Upanagara. Similarly Tripuskara (three kinds of Mrdanga) of Bharata was displaced by modern Mrdanga which is easy to learn, handle and carry; but the scope in older instruments was greater while on the other hand expert ready knowledge should be pledged for good results. Tala (keeping time) as an art has undergone great modifications and every day witnessed new combinations or rather permutations. The older Talas are Marga and the later Desis are such as alone grew almost to swell the formula to a permutation of six or seven figures.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The terms relating to all the five subjects stated above are incorporated in our work and their definitions are given as noted in the best work on each subject. Some of the definitions may contain again terms which are deemed to be technical; but they are defined in their proper place. Explanation to every quotation would involve endless labour and long time without much benefit to the reader.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e An English or Vernacular translation for every word is really desirable; but when once the work was given some shape in one language, linguists can easily translate it into their own tongues.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e A bibliographical notice appears to be necessary for all further research in the subject; and if it is chronologically set forth, it affords ample help to find out what work one has to refer to for each stage of research without wandering in the mist.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nza191b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nza191c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577440104749,"sku":"NZA191","price":48.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nza191.jpg?v=1677424407"},{"product_id":"visistadvaita-kosha-old-and-rare-book-set-of-ten-volumes-nzf910","title":"विशिष्टाद्वैतकोश: Visistadvaita Kosha - An Old and Rare Book (Set of Ten Volumes)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZF910\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/academy%20of%20sanskrit%20research%20melkote\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Academy of Sanskrit Research, Melkote\"\u003eAcademy of Sanskrit Research, Melkote\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Only\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1983\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e5075\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e10.0 inch X 7.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e10.70 kg\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eISBN-\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Volume 1:9788185929361\u003cbr\u003e Volume 2:9788185929415\u003cbr\u003e Volume 3:9788185929637\u003cbr\u003e Volume 4:8185929211\u003cbr\u003e Volume 5:8185929327\u003cbr\u003e Volume 6:8185929343\u003cbr\u003e Volume 9:9788185929934\u003cbr\u003e Volume 10:9788185929941\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003ePart I\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eFOREWORD\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The Academy of Sanskrit Research was establish by the Government of Karnataka in the 1976 with the main purpose of carrying out research work in the field of Vedanta and its comparative study with other system of thought (East \u0026amp; west). Accordingly the Academy launched several programmes for specialization in the field of Vedanta. As a result of this it is bringing out its first publication viz, Visistadvaita kosa n Sanskrit. This project is aided by both the state of central Governments. It is purposed to bring out this Visistadvaita Kosa in ten Volumes of approximately 500 pages each, we are happy to place the first volume of Visistadvaita Kosa consisting of technical terms beginning with the alphabet “A” in the hands of the Readers. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In this work information from more than hundred works pertaining to the philosophy of Visistadvaita have been collected. To help comparative study the concept in other systems of Vedanta have been introduced, whenever necessary. I hope this Visistadvaita kosa, first publication of the Academy in Sanskrit, will help the research scholars traditional pundits and also scholars in general who desire to know the different concept of Visistadvaita philosophy. Hope the scholarly world will receive this volume in its proper perspective. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e I am highly thankful to Sri S. M. S. Varadachar, project Leader, Visistadvaita Kosa project, his colleagues Sri N. Venkatachar , Sri E. J. Selvapillai, Sri M. B. Parthasarathy Iyengar, Sri as. Am. Aveera raghavachar, sri M. K. Srinivasa Iyengar, Sri S. Narasaraja Bhattar, Kum. M. A Rukminiamma, Kum. M. V. Savithri, Kum. M. R. Hemalatha and others scholars who have assisted him in preparing this volume. My thanks are due to prof. S. S. Raghavachar, Chairman, Scrutiny Committee, and Sri K. S. Varadachar, Member Scrutiny Committee, who have rendered valuable service by going through the manuscripts and giving invaluable suggestions for the successful implementation of the project. I am grateful to Messr. Jayanthi Printers, Mysore for the neat execution of the printing work. I am failing in my duty, if I do not thank the Government of Karnataka and the Government of India who have given substantial financial assistance for the implementation of this project. My humble regards to the various mathadhipathis and Vidwan Ramanuja Tatachariar who have blessed this blessed this venture in its various phases. I am grateful to the Managing Committee in General, Secretary Sri Ramesh Kumar, I. A. S. in particular for their continued encouragement in the successful completion of this work. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eINTRODUCTION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Knowledge is unlimited. It is vast and unfathomable like an ocean. It is impossible for a man to master all the branches of knowledge in the short span of his life. According to a saying in Sanskrit ‘Man can master only one branch of knowledge in his life-time’. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In the fast moving modern world, man hardly finds any time for the detailed and in-depth study of any branch of knowledge, But for a man endowed with intellect the thirst for knowledge is insatiable- Hence he tries to find some time for the acquisition of knowledge in the midst of his multifarious activities. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e More knowledgeable person conveys his knowledge to the less knowledgeable through the medium of language only as it is the best medium of communication. Hence, in the acquisition of knowledge language plays a very important role- Language consists of words and phrases. Knowing correct interpretation of words and phrases of a work is a must for acquisition of knowledge. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Sanskrit literature occupies a pre-eminent position among the literatures of the world. Sanskrit literature comprises of two distinct periods viz., Vedic and Post-vedic, the former comprising works written in ancient form of Sanskrit. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Vedic literature begins with Rgveda and extends through the other three viz., Yajus, Sama, and Atharva Veda with their Brahmanas, Upanisads and Sutras. Post-vedic literature comprises of the code of Manu and other subsequent law books and extends through the six systems of philosophy especially the Vedanta systems, the vast grammatical literature: the immense epics, the lyric, erotic and didactic poems the Niti-sastras with their moral tales and apothegms, the dramas, the various treatises on mathematics, rhetoric, prosody, music, medicine etc. At last we come to the eighteen Puranas with their succeeding Upa-puranas and the more recent Tantras. No one person, indeed, with limited powers of mind and body can hope to master more than one or two departments of so vast a range in which scarcely a subject can be named, not furnishing a greater number of texts and commentaries or commentaries on commentaries. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Long ago Yaska collected and compiled the difficult words in the Vedic language which is called Nighantu. Further he explained those terms clearly with their etymology giving various possible interpretations .This part is caned Nirukta. Thus Yaska laid the foundation for writing dictionaries to facilitate the clear understanding of Vedic treatises. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Similarly, there was great need for a dictionary explaining words of the classical Sanskrit language. There are words having different meanings. Many meanings can be conveyed by one word also. It is difficult to grasp them by merely studying their usage in ‘ certain contexts. So dictionaries are necessary to decisively know the• meanings of the words. The importance of a dictionary for the study of any branch of knowledge could be realised by the dictum of our forefathers that every student of sanskrit should know the Amarakosa by heart. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e After the advent of westerners in the field of Sanskrit literature, several dictionaries were written arranging the words of Sanskrit literature in the alphabetical order. This method of arranging the words in the alphabetical order which facilitates ready reference was followed by many of the sanskrit scholars also. Vacaspatya Kosa of Taranatha Tarka Vacaspati ‘was written following the pattern of Monier Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Sabda kalpadruma is another such encyclopaedia. Vacaspatya Kosa and Sabdakalpadruma explain most of the words in Sanskrit literature quoting relevant passages and their references. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e But these Kosas (encyclopaedias) could not cover the entire gamut of many sastraic works found in Sanskrit literature. Hence, as and when these sastras developed several Kosas (encyclopaedias) explaining many technical terms and concepts of these sastras came into existence. Nyaya Kosa, Dharma Kosa Astangahrdaya Kosa, Mimamsa Kosa, Srauta Kosa are some of them. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e After the 12th century the system of Visistadvaita Vedanta developed in leaps and bounds. In addition to several independent works, commentaries and sub commentaries were written to explain the works of the Acharyas. A beginner had often to struggle hard to understand the difficult technical terms during the course of his study. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e So, attempts were made to writ e Kosas explaining the technical terms of Visistadvatta. First among these is ‘Adaiyavalandan Akaradi’ explaining old and rare technical terms used in the Tamil commentaries on the prabandhams of Alwars. This work is printed in Telugu script. Hardly it could satisfy the needs of a student of Visistadvaita. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Hence, another work ‘Sampradaya Akaradi’ came into existence explaining many of the technical terms found both in Tamil and Sanskrit Vedanta works. In this work interpretations and meanings of terms are given in Tamil. The Manipravala language used here is crisp and precise. It helps the beginner to understand many of the technical terms of Visistadvaita clearly. The only drawback of this Kosa work is that it is written in Tamil language and printed in Telugu script. For a pure Sanskritist this is of little use. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e With the main idea of solcving problems of the students of Visistadvaita. His Holiness Sri Ahobila Jeeyar Swamiji was anxious to bring out a Visistadvaita kosa, an exhaustive dictionary of Visistadvaita philosophical terms which would contain the connotations from a large number of technical texts of Visistadvaita. Every term undergoes changes in meaning in different schools of thought and different. branches of literature. Changes in meaning of words are bound to happen even in the works of successive generation of teachers of the same darsana. This is a universal phenomenon. If the evolution of the meaning of terms is not known, it will definitely lead to misinterpretation and conjectures which have no place in knowledge. In this context it becomes absolutely necessary to supply a reference book which would contain all the different meanings and convolutions of each term giving the source and authority for each one of the usages. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Panditaraja D. T. Tatacharya, M. O. L, under the patronage of His Holiness Sri. Ahobila Jeeyar Swamiji spared no efforts to bring out such a Visistadvaita Kosa. This is remarkable for its neat execution. This has laid down the guidelines for the Visistadvaita kosa which is being published by our Academy. The author himself has mentioned that he could not do full justice to the work on hand due to limited financial resources and inadequacy of the number of scholars who assisted him. Hence, The Academy of Sanskrit Research has ventured to take up the preparation of an exhaustive Visistadvaita Kosa in ten volumes of 500 pages each. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The Academy cannot claim that all these terms and explanations belong to it as the meanings of words and the words of a kosa can scarcely be proved by its compilers to belong exclusively to themselves. It is not the mere aggregation of words and meanings but the method of dealing with them and arranging them, which gives a Kosa the best right to be called an original production. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In saying this, we are not claiming any superiority for our method over that of the great scholars who have written Sampradaya Akaradi and Visistadvaita Kosa, nor are we detracting one whit from the tribute and admiration which we and other writers of encyclopaedia are always desirous of rendering to the colossal monument of industry and scholarship represented by their work. Now, we are merely repeating our claim to the production of a Visistadvaita Kosa on a wholly unique plan the utility of which has been proved by experience. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e An unavoidable cause of delay has been the unlooked for amount of labour involved. First it was envisaged to bring out the Visistadvaita Kosa, in ten volumes containing 1,500 techninical terms each. Now the number of technical terms has swelled to 20,000. The delay in publishing the 1st volume is due to the fitting of the new matter into the old according to the plan, verification of the sources and meanings, revision and re-revision of printed proofs. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e It would of course, be unreasonable to look for perfection in the result of our combined efforts. The law of liability to err is especially applicable in the preparation of such encyclopaediac works. Nor are the imperfections of this volume ever likely to become better known to the most keen sighted critics than they are to the compilers themselves. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e It is said of the author of a well known dictionary that the number of mistakes which his critics discovered in it, were to him a source of satisfaction rather than annoyance. The larger a work, he affirmed, the more likely it was to include errors, and a hypercritical condemnation of these was often symptomatic of narrow-mindedness which could not take in the merit of any great performance as a whole. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Without having recourse to this convenient way of discomfiting critics of the \"chidranvesin\" type, and without abating an iota of justifiable confidence in the general trustworthiness of the present Kosa its compilers can yet be keenly alive to its thoroughly human character. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e At all events we feel sure that we may affirm that we have earnestly striven to secure for this volume the possession of four principal characteristics, viz., 1. Scholarly accuracy, 2. Practical utility, 3. Lucidity of arrangement designed to set forth, as clearly as possible the development of concepts and interpretations- 4. Completeness and comprehensiveness, atleast to the fullest extent attainable in the latest state of research in Visistadvaita. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003ePart II\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eFOREWORD\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In 1983, the Academy of Sanskrit Research brought out the first volume of the Visistadvaita Kosa and we now have the happiness of placing in the hands of the readers the SECOND VOLUME of the Kosa. The Academy was estanblish by the Government of Karnataka in the year 1976. The main purpose of the Academy is to carry out the research in the field of Vedantha for the comparative study of all system of thought, East and West in relation to Visistadvaita Vedantha. The publication of Visistadvaita Kosa n ten volumes is one of the several programmes launched y the Academy. This project like the Academy itself is being aided by both the State and Central Governments. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The Kosa has been compiled by collecting information from nearly 250 works pertaining to the philosophy of Visistadvaita. In order to prepare the ground for comparative study with other system of Vedantha concept form those systems are introduced wherever necessary. The main is that the Kosa should be helpful to all research scholars, traditional pundits and also scholars in general by providing an encyclopeadia which is easy to refer. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e A large number of scholars and workers have helped in the preparation of this volume, as in the case of the earlier volume. All of them have earned he deep gratitude of the Academy. In particular, the very distinguished services renderd by Vidwan Sri S. M. S. Varadacharya, Project Leader, needs to be applauded. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e We are also extremely grateful to the Scrutiny Committee comprising of Prof. N. S. Ramanujatatachariar and Pandits Kari Ramanujacharya, S. N. C. Raghunathachariar and K. S. Varadacharya. In particular the meticulous examination made by Panditaratnam K. S. Varadacharya of Mysore and the advice renderd by him have been invaluable. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e It is the Academy’s hope that this will be of significant help to the students of Visistadvaita as well as scholars interested in the comparative study of different systems of Indian philosophy. It provides ample information on all technical terms which occur in Visistadvaita works and the readers is easily able to find out the different interpretation and explanation of these terms since they are all brought to one place. The readers is thus saved precious time and energy since one does not have to study many Visistadvaita works to ascertains the different interpretations. To the researchers this work will we hope prove helpful since he or she would be able to discern the development of Visistadvaita thought through the many readings cited, apart from the particular interpretation cited in the book are explicitly mentioned and this will enable scholars desirous of knowing more about the concerned technical terms of study the original and add to their knowledge. My colleagues and I fervently hope that the Kosa will win its way, the hearts of learned Sanskrit scholars and also help aspirants of knowledge to the greatest possible extent. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePREFACE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The Academy takes pleasure in publishing the Second Volume of Visistadvaita Kosa. Many scholars and wellwishers have tendered valuable advice for improving the quality of this series. The Academy offers its sincere thanks to all such friends. We have taken enough precautions to incorporate all such healthy suggestions in this volume. We depend upon the scholars view I future also for effecting further improvements and therefore welcome all comments from our esteemed readers. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e We have been able to cover technical terms beginning with two more letters namely, and only in this volume of 500 pages. As already narrated in the introduction to the first volume the Academy has stuck to its ideals of scholarly accuracy, comprehensiveness, clarity of concepts and interpretations and practical utility to the users, as far as possible. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The guidelines in preparing the Kosa have already been enunciated clearly in the introductory portion of the first volume; Hence, the same is not repeated here again. The Academy has referred to 74 more source-works in addition to the 172 source-works and 12 lexicons already enumerated in the first volume. It is our duty to thank all such institutions and individuals who have produced these source-works wherefrom we have drawn useful information for this volume. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e We are ever grateful to the purposeful and timely guidance rendered by the President, Secretary and the other Members of the Managing Committee of the Academy. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Vidwan S. M. S. Varadacharya has been striving hard not only in publishing the present volume but the entire series as well. Press copy of Volume HI is already taken up for publication. The teams of research associates have been incessantly working -on this project. We are indebted to their sincerity of purpose and we hope to complete the publication of this series early with their continued cooperation. We remain always indebted to the scholars of the Expert Committee viz., Dr. N. S. Ramanujatatachariar of Tirupati, Pandit S. N. C. Raghunathacharya of Warrangal, Pandit Kari Ramanujacharya of Simhachalam and Panditharatnam K. S. Varadacharya of Mysore for their very valuable contribution in improving the manuscripts with their rich experience in different Shastras. Our thanks are also due to those Scholars who have lent their helping hand directly or indirectly in bringing out this volume. We are highly thankful to M\/s. Vivek Printers of Mysore for their continued cooperation in .printing this works neatly. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Further, we record our sincere thanks to the Government of Karnataka and the Government of India for their financial assistance for the implementation of this project. We hope that both the Governments will continue to finance this project till its completion. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003ePart III\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Pages (Volume I)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Pages (Volume III)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Pages (Volume V)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Pages (Volume VIII)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf910l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577447870765,"sku":"NZF910","price":629.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nzf910.jpg?v=1677424466"},{"product_id":"research-journal-of-rashtriya-sanskrit-vidyapeetha-nze563","title":"महस्विनी: Research Journal of Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZE563\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/prof%20d%20prahlada%20acharya\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"प्रो. डि. प्रह्लादाचार्य (Prof. D. Prahlada Acharya)\"\u003eप्रो. डि. प्रह्लादाचार्य (Prof. D. Prahlada Acharya)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/rashtriya%20sanskrit%20vidyapeetha%20tirupati\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati\"\u003eRashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Only\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2003\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e168\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePaperback\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.5 inch X 6.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e280 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e \u003cmeta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e \u003cmeta name=\"Generator\" content=\"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered)\"\u003e \u003cstyle\u003e \u003c!-- \/* Font Definitions *\/ @font-face {font-family:\"Cambria Math\"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;} \/* Style Definitions *\/ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} h1 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 1 Char\"; margin-top:24.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h1.CxSpFirst {mso-style-link:\"Heading 1 Char\"; margin-top:24.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h1.CxSpMiddle {mso-style-link:\"Heading 1 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h1.CxSpLast {mso-style-link:\"Heading 1 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h2 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 2 Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:13.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h3 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 3 Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:112%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} h4 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 4 Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-style:italic;} h5 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 5 Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; color:#7F7F7F;} h6 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 6 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:112%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; color:#7F7F7F; font-style:italic;} p.MsoHeading7, li.MsoHeading7, div.MsoHeading7 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 7 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-style:italic;} p.MsoHeading8, li.MsoHeading8, div.MsoHeading8 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 8 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} p.MsoHeading9, li.MsoHeading9, div.MsoHeading9 {mso-style-link:\"Heading 9 Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt; font-style:italic;} p.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle {mso-style-link:\"Title Char\"; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; border:none; padding:0in; font-size:26.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt;} p.MsoTitleCxSpFirst, li.MsoTitleCxSpFirst, div.MsoTitleCxSpFirst {mso-style-link:\"Title Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; border:none; padding:0in; font-size:26.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt;} p.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle, li.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle, div.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle {mso-style-link:\"Title Char\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; border:none; padding:0in; font-size:26.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt;} p.MsoTitleCxSpLast, li.MsoTitleCxSpLast, div.MsoTitleCxSpLast {mso-style-link:\"Title Char\"; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; border:none; padding:0in; font-size:26.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt;} p.MsoSubtitle, li.MsoSubtitle, div.MsoSubtitle {mso-style-link:\"Subtitle Char\"; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:30.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.65pt; font-style:italic;} em {letter-spacing:.5pt; border:none; font-weight:bold;} p.MsoNoSpacing, li.MsoNoSpacing, div.MsoNoSpacing {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:.5in; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:.5in; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";} p.MsoQuote, li.MsoQuote, div.MsoQuote {mso-style-link:\"Quote Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:.25in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.25in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; font-style:italic;} p.MsoIntenseQuote, li.MsoIntenseQuote, div.MsoIntenseQuote {mso-style-link:\"Intense Quote Char\"; margin-top:10.0pt; margin-right:.8in; margin-bottom:14.0pt; margin-left:.7in; text-align:justify; line-height:115%; border:none; padding:0in; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} span.MsoSubtleEmphasis {font-style:italic;} span.MsoIntenseEmphasis {font-weight:bold;} span.MsoSubtleReference {font-variant:small-caps;} span.MsoIntenseReference {font-variant:small-caps; letter-spacing:.25pt; text-decoration:underline;} span.MsoBookTitle {font-variant:small-caps; letter-spacing:.25pt; font-style:italic;} p.MsoTocHeading, li.MsoTocHeading, div.MsoTocHeading {margin-top:24.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} p.MsoTocHeadingCxSpFirst, li.MsoTocHeadingCxSpFirst, div.MsoTocHeadingCxSpFirst {margin-top:24.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} p.MsoTocHeadingCxSpMiddle, li.MsoTocHeadingCxSpMiddle, div.MsoTocHeadingCxSpMiddle {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} p.MsoTocHeadingCxSpLast, li.MsoTocHeadingCxSpLast, div.MsoTocHeadingCxSpLast {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading1Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 1 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 1\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading2Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 2 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 2\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading3Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 3 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 3\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading4Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 4 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 4\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} span.Heading5Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 5 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 5\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; color:#7F7F7F; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading6Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 6 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 6\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; color:#7F7F7F; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} span.Heading7Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 7 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 7\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; font-style:italic;} span.Heading8Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 8 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 8\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\";} span.Heading9Char {mso-style-name:\"Heading 9 Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Heading 9\"; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt; font-style:italic;} span.TitleChar {mso-style-name:\"Title Char\"; mso-style-link:Title; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.25pt;} span.SubtitleChar {mso-style-name:\"Subtitle Char\"; mso-style-link:Subtitle; font-family:\"Cambria\",\"serif\"; letter-spacing:.65pt; font-style:italic;} span.QuoteChar {mso-style-name:\"Quote Char\"; mso-style-link:Quote; font-style:italic;} span.IntenseQuoteChar {mso-style-name:\"Intense Quote Char\"; mso-style-link:\"Intense Quote\"; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} .MsoPapDefault {margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --\u003e \u003c\/style\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Section1\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003eMahasvini is a half-yearly Research Journal published y the Department of Research and Publications, Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati. Articles of high standard written in Sanskrit and English by eminent Sanskrit scholars, faculty members and Research Scholars are published. Various Indological topics come under the purview of the magazine.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nze563b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nze563c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nze563d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Page\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nze563e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577473429805,"sku":"NZE563","price":28.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nze563.jpg?v=1677424714"},{"product_id":"markandeya-purana-third-edition-idf004","title":"मार्कंडेय महापुराणम: THE MARKANDEYA PURANA (Third Edition)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eIDF004\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/rashtriya%20sanskrit%20sansthan%20janakpuri\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Janakpuri\"\u003eRashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Janakpuri\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Text with Hindi Translation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2010\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e442\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e5.5 inch X 12.0 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e1.50 kg\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/idf004a.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/idf004b.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Ranking seventh in the list of the Maha- puranas 1 the Markandeya Purana, is one of the most important, interesting and probably one of the oldest works. 2 Its recitation frees one from the taints of sin. It was named after the sage Markandeya, who acquired its knowledge from Brahma, the creator of the universe. Once Jaimini, the author of the Mimansa Sutra, approached him with a request to instruct him on four questions. The holy sage Markandeya directed him to the four celetial Birds that were well-versed in the sastras, for answering his questions concerning a religious enigma, a social perplexity, a moral incongruity, and a violation of natural justice.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Summing up the general character of this Purana which hardly applies to the Devi Mahatmya Prof. H. H. Wilson says, \"This Purana has a character different from that of all the others. It is nothing of a sectarial spirit, little of a religious tone: rarely inserting prayers and invocations to any deity, and such as are inserted are brief and moderate. It deals little in precepts, ceremonial or moral. Its leading feature is narrative; and it . presents an uninterrupted succession of legends, most of which when ancient are embellished with new circumstances, and when partake so far of the spirit of the old, that- they are disinterested creations of the imagination having no particular motive, being designed to recommend no special doctrine or observance. Whether they are derived from any other source or whether they are original inventions, it is not possible to ascertain. They are most probably for the greater part at least original; and the whole has been narrated in the compiler's own manner; a manner superior to that of the puranas in general with exception of the Bhagavata.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The Markandeya Purana has come down to us in three editions, published at Bombay, Poona and Calcutta. It is difficult to answer which edition comes closest to the archetype of Markandeya. The Calcutta edition ends abruptly in chapter 136, leaving 'Dama' acquiescing tamely in the fight of his father's murderer, Vapusmat. The other version is found in the Bombay and the Poona editions and carries the story on till Dama takes venge- ance on Vapusmat. Dr. K. M. Banerjee considered that the abruptness and incomplete- ness were strong evidences of the genuinneness of the concluding of the Calcutta edition. But Prof. F. E. Pargiter considered the concluding of the other editions as more authentic.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The Markandeya Purana consists of nine thousand verses, spread over one hundred and thirtyseven chapters. An English translation of the Markandeya Purana was done by Prof. F.E. Pargiter, which appeared in the Bibliotheca Indica Series, Calcutta from 1880 to 1905. Some chapters on life after death were also translated into German.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e There are three definite stages in the development of the Markandeya Purana . First stage is represented by the chapters from 43-81 and 93-136. These chapters constituted the Purana in its original shape as the Markandeya Purana. The name would imply that originally Markandeya was the chief figure. It is only in this portion that he appeared as the real teacher. Here Markandeya declared that he heard it when Daksa related it. He further informed the sages that the Markandeya Purana was equal to the Vedas and had likewise sprang from the mouth of Brahma, These words clearly betray the true beginning of the Purana.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e In the second stage chapters from 1-42 were composed. They were then prefixed to the original Purana, related by the sage Markandeya. In these chapter; Jaimini is referred by Markandeya to the wise Birds and they ex- plained to him the four questions that perpIexed him and some relevant matters. That this part is undoubtedly - a later addition, is . proved by the fact that no higher authority than the sage Markandeya and the unknown brahmin Sumati is claimed for this part. Though Birds were raised to the primary position in this part yet the pre-eminence of the sage Markandeya was maintained by introducing him at the very beginning to declare the wisdom of the Birds and by giving the impression that the Birds were merely repeating the teachings of Markandeya. The Birds on beginning the Purana retire from further notice', but reappear with Jaimini in the final chapter to conclude their discourse and give consistency to combined instruction. This was a termination rendered necessary by the prefixing of this part to the original Purana.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e In the third stage, a long episodical and independent narrative of the actions of the goddess Durga (chs. 81-93) was inserted in the Markandeya Purana. The subject thereof and the character attributed to the goddess show that it is the product of a later age which developed the sanguinary feature of popular religion. The Devi Mahatmya is a clear inter-polation in which real speaker is a rsi named Medha, The praise of goddess Mahamaya. in chapter 81 is in ordinary style. Her special glorification begins in chapter 82 and is elaborated with the most miraculous imagination. Some of the verses breathe deep religious feeling, express enthusiastic adoration and manifest fervent spiritual meditation. On the other hand, the descriptions of the battles abound in wild and repulsive incidents and revel in gross and amazing fencies. The Devi Mahatmya is a composition of the most opposite characters. The religious outpourings are at times pure and elevated, the material descriptions are absurd. The 137th chapter concludes the work, it is a neccessary corollary to the first part.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The Purana in both of its sections appears to have emanated from western India. Both these sections indicate the middle portion of the Narbada and Tapti valley as their place of origin. The Devi Mahatmya must have originated in some place dedicated to the goddess in her terrible form. The poem has now be- cornea text of the worshippers of Kali through- out Northern India, and in Bengal. The goddess whom the poem glorifies is a goddess formed by -the combination of the powers of all the gods, and she is called Mahamaya Candika, Ambika, Bhadrakali and Mahakali. She is generally identified in the hymns with Siva's consort as Durga, Gauri, Sivaduti and Mahakali. The -goddess Kali is also called Camunda, Candika from whose forehead she sprang, named Her Camunda because she had killed two great demons canda and Munda. Both Siva and his consort in their most terrible forms were worshipped at Mandhata. The Narbada Valley was specially Connected with demon legends. Mandhata with such associations would in all Probability be the birth place of this poem and the brief allusions to Mahakala would than be only a collateral one. Even it the poem was composed at Ujjain, The Conclusion would still hold good that it originated in Western India.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The question of the date of the Markandeya Purana has been a controversial one. Since a copy of the latest part of the Markandya Purana, i. e., the Devi Mahatmya, dated 998 A. D., was found by Mahamahopadhayaya Harprasad Shastri in the Royal Library, Nepal, therefore, the Devi- Mahatmya cannot be later than 9th century. It may even be considerably earlier. As it is the latest part of the Purana, the other parts must have been composed earlier. Prof. wilson holds that this Purana is. later, Than the mahabharata but anterior to the Brahma, Padma , Naradiya and Bhagavata Puranas. He conuctures that it my be placed in the 9th century A. D. but the jaina writings reveal that the puranas are much earlier than that what Prof. Wilson estimates the padma Purana of the jainas, written bby Ravisena dated 678 A.D. mentions in the Adipurana of Jinasena who lived about a century later. This evidence would demonstrate that all the Puranas have been composed before the end of the sixth, and probably by the end of the 5th century A. D. Hence the Devi Mahatmya was certainly complete by 9th century A.D. and very probably in the 5th or 6th century A. D. The second part which constituted the original Purana was probably in existence in the third century and even earlier; and the first part was composed between those two periods.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The traditional definition of a Purana generally includes five topics viz., sarga (cosmogony). pratisarga (secondary creation or destruction), vamsa (genealogy of gods and kings), manvantras (the reigns of the Manus). vamsanucaritam (history of the solar and lunar lineages) - A careful study of the Markandeya Purana would reveal that it closely conforms to the pancalaksana definition of the Purana, The description of cosmology is given from 47 to 55 chapters. The process of dissolution is detailed in the 46th chapter of the Purana, A detailed account of the genealogies form the subject matter of chapters 101.111-136. Manus and their manvantras are discussed in chapters 46, 53, 61-80, and 84-100. The history of the 'solar race is attempted in the chapters from 102-110.12 Besides these topics, the Markandeya Purana deals with geography, and religious devotion (yoga), philosophical ideas, political and social conditions, education, ethical 'standards and natural justice.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The Markandeya Purana begins with the 'Story of the four Birds that were acquainted with the moral notions of right and wrong. 'Everything is narrated fully by the sage Markandeya through these Birds when approached by Jaimini for instructions on four questions. The Birds were sons of Drona and the \"Apsaras Vapu who were cursed by rsi Durvasa to be Birds and narrated the story of their birth and their education by Samika: and explained ,that they were four brahmins who were so born, because cursed by their father Sukrsa for not offering their bodies as food to a hungry Bird.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The celestial Birds are represented as answering the following questions: \"How was Visnu born as a mortal? How Draupadi became the wife of the five Pandavas? Why did Baladeva undertake penance for brahmanicide ? And why were the children of Draupadi destroyed when they had Krsna and Arujna to defend them?\" The Birds answered thus: Visnu took on a mortal body in order to accomplish good, Draupadi became the joint wife of the five- Pandavas because they were all emanations of Indra; Baladeva committed brahmanicide during intoxication and expiated it by pilgrimage, and five Visva Devas, who on seeing Viswamitra's brutality towards king Hariscandra, censured Viswamitra, incurred his curse there by and were born as the five sons of Draupadt, to die young and unmarried.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e This story led the Birds at Jaimini's ,request to narrate the whole story of Hariscandra\" sufferings and ultimate beatitude. and the terrible fight which resulted there from between Vasistha and Viswamitra as gigantic Birds.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e In the chapters from 10 - 15 Jaimini's questions regarding conception, foetal life, birth, growth, death and the consequences of actions are answered by the Birds by reproducing instructions that a Brahmin Sumati, nicknamed Jada, once gave to his father.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The subject of yoga or religious devotion is illustrated by the stories of Maandavya. Datattreya and Alarka in the chapters from 10-19.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Description about the birth and education of Alarka is given in the chapters from 20-26 Then followed an expression of political, religious and 'social doctrines in the guise of instruction given by Madalasa in chapters 27-35. An exposition of religious devotion (Yoga) again takes place in chapters from 36- 44.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e An account of creation is attempted in the chepters from 46-52. Enquiry about creation is answered dy Birds by repeating what Markandeya had taught Kraustuki.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e In 53rd chapter Markandeya discoursed of Manus and Manvantras. From chapters 54-60, the Purana gives a geographical description viz. earth and its continents especially Jambudvipa, Mount Meru, Ganga. Then follows an account of the nine divisions of Bharata, It also deals with mountain ranges and its scattered hills; and rivers distinguishing them according to their sources, in the Himalayas. Various peoples inhabiting India and its surroundings according. as they dwelt in the middle land, in the northwest, outside north-wards in the north west. in the east in the south. in the west, around the Vindhya Mountains and beneath the Himalayas. are described here. India is also described as resting upon Visnu in the form of a tortoise. The sage also comments on some astrological, religious and political matters.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e From chapters 61-80 follows the account of Manus and Manvantras.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The Devi Mahatmya is narrated from 81- 83. Various forms of Devi are eulogised in these chapters.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Chapter 101 deals with the genealogies. The majesty of the Sun is glorified in chapters from 102- 110.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Description of the genealogies is again resumed in the chapters from 111-136.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The Birds closed their long repetition of Markandeya's instructions to Kraustuki with an encomium on the Puranas and this Purana in particular. Thereupon Jaimini expressed to the Birds his deep sense of gratitude.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Hindu College. Rajendra Nath Sharma\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Delhi-7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eNOTES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e I. Wilson CH.H.), Visnu Purana, 3.6.20.24.- Nag Publishers, Delhi. Bhagavata Purana. 12.3.3-8.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 2. Baldeva Upadhyaya, Purana Vimarsa, Vara- nasi, 1965, p, ISO\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 3. Wilson (H H.), op. cit, preface\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 4. Pargiter (F. E.), The Markandeya Purana, Introduction. p. VII.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 5. Baldeva Upadhyaya. op. cit., p. ISO\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 6. Ibid. pp. 550-51, Pargiter (FE.). op. cit p. IV. Here Pargiter divides the purana into five distinct parts.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 7. Pargiter (P. E.), op. cit., Introduction, pp. IV-V.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 8. Ibid\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 9. Ibid. Introduction. pp X-XI\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 10. Ibid. XIII-XX\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 11. M.P. 144.13. Agri Purana 1.14. Visnu Purana, 3.6.24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e 12. Shukla (B. N.) Mirkandeya Purana: Eta Adhyayana Banaras. 1961. pp. 8-43.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/idf004c.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/idf004d.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/idf004e.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/idf004f.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/idf004g.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/idf004h.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/idf004i.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/idf004j.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577475821869,"sku":"IDF004","price":58.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/idf004.jpg?v=1677424786"},{"product_id":"murthi-dhyanam-sanskrit-and-tamil-nzj796","title":"मूर्तिध्यानम्: Murthi Dhyanam (Sanskrit and Tamil)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZJ796\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/s%20swaminatha%20shastri\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"S. Swaminatha Shastri\"\u003eS. Swaminatha Shastri\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/sarasvati%20mahal%20library%20research%20centre\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"SARASVATI MAHAL LIBRARY \u0026amp; RESEARCH CENTRE\"\u003eSARASVATI MAHAL LIBRARY \u0026amp; RESEARCH CENTRE\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit and Tamil Text With Transliteration\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2015\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e240\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePaperback\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.5 inch X 5.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e270 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796a.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e Silpa Sastra is a science of all arts and crafts which require dexterity of hand, combined with concentration of mind and creative faculty. Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Engraving, Carpentry etc., are the branches of SILPA SASTRA. In its more circumscribed sence the world ‘Slipa’ denotes Vastu Kala, the science of building and Murti Kala, iconography. These two words Vastu Kala and Murti Kala, which generally deal with the construction of house and palaces, villages and towns, and with the erection of temple and anxointing idold of deities. ‘Murti dhyana’ is one such book which gives the description of the sculptors, about the icons and status of elaborate and intricate workmanship, the countless varieties of ornamental designs and the weapons that are possessed by the gods. The unique feature of this book is the first instance we would be able to get the descriptions of the village gods and goddesses in Sanskrit. Only folk songs are remarkably noted for the village demi gods not the high literary forms. Apart from the use of this book to the sculptors, it will also be useful to the devotees to meditate on their worshipful gods. For the very purpose, trilingual transliteration has been gives in this work. Along with the original Sanskrit verses, the transcribed forms of Tamil and English are given while the Tamil translation of the verses helps the readers to understand the meanings.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Thiru S. Swaminatha Sastri, the retired professor of Sanskrit Rajah’s College, Thiruvaiyaru has edited this book and he has spared his skill to make the edition worthy and useful. He has made clear and candid translation into Tamil. Our thanks are due in an abundant measure to him.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e This book is printed and published under the grants of Government of India and we express our deep gratitude to the Government of India for having given us the chance of bringing out the long preserved manuscripts of the ancient treasures of wisdom, to which Sarasvati Mahal Library stands permanently dedicated.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796b.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796c.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796d.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796e.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796f.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796g.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796h.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796i.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796j.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796k.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796l.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nzj796m.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577487683885,"sku":"NZJ796","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nzj796.jpg?v=1677425076"},{"product_id":"semantics-of-sanskrit-nzf751","title":"शाब्दतरंगिणी: Semantics of Sanskrit","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZF751\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/pt%20subrahmanya%20shastri\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"पं. सुब्रह्मण्य शास्त्री (Pt. Subrahmanya Shastri)\"\u003eपं. सुब्रह्मण्य शास्त्री (Pt. Subrahmanya Shastri)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/dvaita%20vedanta%20studies%20and%20research%20foundation\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation\"\u003eDvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Only\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2006\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e336\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePaperback\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.5 inch X 5.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e370 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf751b.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e I was a student of Pandita Raja Vepatturu Subrahmanya Shastriji at Annamalai University between 1940 to 1944. I was a student in Mimamsa Siromani class. However I used to attend Nyayasiromani classes also to have the benefit of learning the advance texts of Nyaya from Panditaraja Subrahmanya Shastriji. I had studied Nyayasastra in Maharaja Sanskrit College, Mysore. I desired to strengthen it further.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e I was very much impressed and benefited by his very eloquently teaching Nyayasastra which is very difficult to learn. Pandit Srinivasa Shastr who later joined Deccan College. Dictionary Project was my contemporary. Even after I completed my study at Annamalai University I maintained contact with Sri Subrahmanya Shastriji. Later he used to visit Bangalore and I used to spend hours together with him discussing the shastra topics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e His work Sabdatarangini deals with Sanskrit syntax and semantics. In Indian Philosophy verbal cognition is considered as a distinct pramana. This is perticularly important for Vedanta, Mimamsa whose doctrines are derived from Veda, Vyakarana and Nyaya also consider Sabdapramana very important as these have to deal with the language and logic. Syntax and semantics are the heart of Sabdapramana. These are discussed in the works of Vyakarana, Nyaya and Mimamsa in detail. There are a few seperate treatises also. It is difficult to go through this vast literature. Sabdatarangini of Pandita Raja Vepatturu Subrahmanya Shastriji presents all issues connected with Sanskrit syntax and semantics in a compact way in a simple styles. Therefore, I thought of publishing it by way Gurudakshina to my Guru Pandita Raja Vepatturu Subrahmanya Shastriji. The Sanskrit text of this work was published by Madras Education Society long back in 1969. I thought the publication of it with the exposition in English will help modern scholars of linguistics. Recently considerable interest is taken by modern scholars of linguistics in Sanskrit linguistics. This treatise contains the essence of Sanskrit Linguistics. I hope this publication will be utilised by modern scholars for their research in Indian linguistics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf751c.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eSample Page\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf751d.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577490141485,"sku":"NZF751","price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nzf751.jpg?v=1677425137"},{"product_id":"life-of-sri-vyasaraja-champu-kavya-in-sanskrit-naj404","title":"श्रीव्यासयोगिचरितम्: The Life of Sri Vyasaraja (A Champu Kavya in Sanskrit)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAJ404\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/somanatha\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Somanatha\"\u003eSomanatha\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/dvaita%20vedanta%20studies%20and%20research%20foundation\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation\"\u003eDvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Text With Hindi Tanslation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e350 (3 B\/W Illustrations)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePaperback\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.5 inch X 5.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e450 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Vyasayogicharita of Poet Somanatha is a biography of Vyasatirtha, a well-known saint scholar of Dvaita tradition. He was introduced to Chandragiri King, Salva Narasimha by Sripadaraja tirtha of Mulabagilu. Later when Salva family took the throne of Vijayanagara, Vyasatirtha was invited to Vijayanagara and he stayed at that place as Rajaguru. The main events of Vyasatirtha's life are discribed by Somanatha in this Vyasayogicarita. It is a Champu type of poem. It is a mix of prose and poetry as the Champu type of poem is expected to be. The prose portion of it follows the style of Kadambari of Bana while poetry follows the style of Sisupalavadha of Magha. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Among the events discribed here the scholarly debate of other scholars with Sri Vyasatirtha is graphically discribed King Krishnadevaraya's devotion to Vyasatirtha is also described in a touching way. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e During Kuhayoga Vyasatirtha himself occupied the throne and avoided the evil effects of Kuhayoga for the king. Vyasatirtha made the king to donate aqraharas to many scholars. He himself donated some aqraharas to the scholars. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e He has composed three learned works viz. (i) nyayamrta (ii) tatparyachandrlka (iii) tarkatandava. Bhedojjivana and Mandaramafijari are two other smaller but very effective works of Sri Vyasatirtha. He was well-known for the debase on Sastra topics. 'Paksadharrnashira', a navvanaiyaytka, is reported to have debated with him. He recorded his appreciation of the scholarship of Vyasatirtha in a charmin verse, \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e We are happy to publish Sanskrit biography of such a great scholar. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This was published long back in 1 926, by Sri B. Venkoba Rao with a detailed introduction in English giving a detailed account of Vijayanagara history at King Krishnadevaraya's time. As it was very informative and useful we have reprinted it in the present edition. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Dr. Srinivasa Ritti, a scholar in ancient Indian history who has edited the inscriptions related to Vijayanagara in three large volumes has discovered about a dozen inscriptions in three languages viz. Telugu, Tamil and Kannada related to Vyasaraja and has made an assessment of these for the history and personality of Vyasatirtha. It is also included in this volume as a separate introduction. The inscriptions are also printed separately as appendix. Sornanatha's biography of Vyasatirtha is full of poetic beauty. Dr. H. V. Nagaraja Rao has made an appreciation of this aspect of Vyasayogicharita in a separate article. This is also included in this volume. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e We hope this volume will be very useful to comprehend the greatness of a scholar i.e. Sri Vyasatirtha. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e 1. Mr. Sewell has written of a \"Forgotten Empire\" and Dr. Krishnaswami Ayyangar has written of \"A Little Known Chapter of Vijayanagar History\". Forgotten indeed is the Empire, and little known indeed is the Chapter, if the roots of the present, which are in the past, can be said to be forgotten, or little known. But as Mr. Surya- narayana Rao has observed, the Empire is really never-to-be-forgotten; and the \"Little Known Chapter\" has always been well remembered, though, as is usual in India, the dates and the chronology of that Chapter faded from men's memories. Krishnadeva Raya, the greatest of the Vijayanagar Emperors, himself prayed that his Empire might never be forgotten, and that the fruits of his rule might last to the remotest periods of time. For, this is really what he says, in his Jambavatikalyana in a sloka of benediction at the end. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e And the little known chapter is of the time, when Sri Vyasaraya, the guardian saint of the second and third dynasties of Vijayanagar, was worshipping God Srinivasa, the tutelary deity of the two dynasties at Tirupati, a time, even now well remembered by the people who, even to-day, are devotees of God Srinivasa. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e 2. It is indeed fortunate that the manuscript of the present work, Poet Somanath's Vyasayogi Chari tam has been preserved. It was not given to Mr. M. Srinivasamurti, the late Sarvadhikari of Sri Vyasaraya Mutt, to realize his ambition of seeing the publication of this valuable work in his own lifetime. He had an unselfish love for good causes, and gratitude is due to him, for having secured this manuscript and financed its publication from his own funds. But for his devotion, the manuscript would, in all probability, have been lost in the floods that rose in the Cauvery, a few months after he brought away the book to Bangalore. One wonders whether the benediction of Sri: Vyasaraya to poet Somanatha, was really all-powerful and preserved the manuscript and Somanatha's name with it, from the floods as well as from the oblivion of Time. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e 3. The work has more historical information than I gathered at the first reading. I had hesitated to assume that Narasimha, to whose Court Sri Vyasaraya went at the request of Sripada Raja of Mulbagal, was indeed Saluva Narasimha I, as the word Saluva was not used in the work. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e It is now, however, quite clear that Saluva Narasimha I is meant; for, his son Thammaraya is mentioned It is started that Sri Vyasaraja was to Thammarya like Brihaspati to Indra. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Narasimha of this book IS addressed by Sri Vyasaraya at pages 49 and 50 of the present work, in terms which would fitly apply to Saluva Narasimha 1. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The comparison of Saluva Narasimha I, also with Guru, the preceptor of the Devas, does not appear to be a mere exaggeration. In the Ramabhyudaya said to have been written by Saluva Narasimha I, it is said that he was well-versed in the Shastras:- \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Narasimha Maharaya that is mentioned in the inscription at the Vyasaraya Mutt on Tirupati Hill (No. 74 of 1889 of the Madras Epigraphist's Collection), may therefore be safely identified with Saluva Narasimha 1. This inscription refers to a theft of temple jewels by the temple servants, and this is evidently a reference to the incident that, according to tradition, led to the worship of God Srinivasa on Tirupati Hill being entrusted to SrI Vyasaraya. Sri Vyasaraya worshipped the God on Tirupati Hill for twelve years according to tradition. At page 53 of this work, many years' stay at the Court of Saluva Narasimha I is mentioned. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The period of stay at Tirupati probably began not later than 1486 A.D. The words already quoted, appear to show that Narasimha had, at the beginning of the period, newly begun to protect the kingdom, and the latest of such occasions was, when the sovereignty of the Vijayanagar Empire was assumed in 1485-86 A.D. The fact that Sripadaraja recommends Sri Vyasaraja to go to the Court of Narasimha, and the fact that Narasimha began to rule recently, give rise to the inference that it was Saluva Narasimha I that seated Sripadaraja on his own throne, according to the tradition preserved in the following sloka of the 4. 1486 A. D. indeed saw the end of an epoch and the beginning of another. One hundred and fifty years had then elapsed from the founding of Vijayangar by Vidyaranya. The Vidyara..flya Kalagnana says in prophetic style that in 150 years, the Royal Family founded by Vidyaranya will come to an end. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e 1486 A.D. is also suitable as a year in the end of Sripadaraya's life. His contemporary, friend and relation Brahmanya Thirtha who was the Guru of Sri Vyasaraya must have already died about the year 1475 AD., for, at that time occurred a great famine, soon after which, according to tradition, he is said to have died. Vira Narasimha, who seated Sripadaraya on his own throne, is said to have done so, after having been freed from the sin of killing Brahmans. And this sin of killing Brahmans, one may venture to think, was incurred, when the Srivaisnava archaks on Tirupati Hill were punished, after which event, Sri Vyasaraya was given the worship of the God. A reason for the removal of the Sri Vaisnava Archaks at Tirupati Hill may appear, if it is remembered that Saluva Narasimha I had, at that time, usurped the throne of Vijayanagar, or asserted his independence of Vijayanagar, if it was earlier than 1486 A.D., and that, according to the Prapannamrita, Srivasnavas were powerful with Virupaksa at Vijayanagar (p.73 of the “Sources of Vijayanagar History”) and may have been hostile to Saluva Narasimha 1. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577492074797,"sku":"NAJ404","price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/naj404.jpg?v=1677425150"},{"product_id":"shwetashvatara-upanishad-with-commentary-of-ranga-ramanuja-critical-edition-nzf935","title":"श्वेताश्वतरोपनिषत्: Shwetashvatara Upanishad with Commentary of Ranga Ramanuja (Critical Edition)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZF935\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/shri%20s%20kumar\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"श्री एस. कुमार (Shri S. Kumar)\"\u003eश्री एस. कुमार (Shri S. Kumar)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/academy%20of%20sanskrit%20research%20melkote\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Academy of Sanskrit Research, Melkote\"\u003eAcademy of Sanskrit Research, Melkote\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Only\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2012\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789380900193\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e174\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePaperback\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.5 inch X 7.0 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e340 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf935b.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e We are delighted to bring out another critical edition of Upanisad namely ‘Svetasvataropanisad’ in its series. As we are aware of what is Upanisad and how it is held in high esteem not only by Indians but by many all over the world gives us pride. Upanisad as body of literature has been an enlightening device to mankind from time immemorial. The stories, narratives and episodes occurring therein have timeless values for humanity. It is the universal message in it for the man on lasting principles has been appreciated by modern thinkers even.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The Academy of Sanskrit Research as having published critical editions of other major Upanisads, it is time to bring forth minor ones. It is also a thing of satisfaction for the institution to be engaging constantly in the endeavor of publishing books of real value. It is also being proposed to publish simple translations of all these monumental works in Kannada and English. We acknowledge one and all for their sincere efforts in making this publication come out nicely. We wish our earnest readers to make use of the worth in the book.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e The Academy of Sanskrit Research, Melkote since its inception in 1977 has continuously been engaging in various academic activities by way of conducting seminars, workshops and conferences at state as well as national levels. This apart, another major activity concerns this institute is that of research and publication of ancient books of eternal value. Thus it has brought out critical editions, research journals, a book on ancient science and technology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In its Upanisad series it has already brought out all principle Upanisads with valuable commentaries conforming to the school of Bhagavad Ramanuja. It has longer objective of publishing all monumental works in respect of tradition, heritage as well as on ancient science in the long run.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e We are happy to offer our readers the edition of ‘Svetasvataropanisad’. This Upanisad though of later time has essential nature and characteristic of major Upanisad. Two commentaries are presented in line with tenets of Ramanuja should make for better reading and grasp of the original. We hope true seekers of knowledge will be largely benefited by this worthwhile endeavor. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all those involved directly or otherwise in the task of publication.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e It is the utmost sanctity attached to the words of seers, sages and great teachers that make them gospel of eternal truth. For these divine personalities neither their utterance meant to be a fashionable exercise nor a show of exuberance but a wakeup call for mankind to get up from its slumber of ignorance. Ecstatic statements, elaborative descriptions, precise parables and amazing figures of speech have been employed by them in order to make us aware of the eternally immutable principle governing this cosmic creation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In our keen observation of life of divine preceptors, we invariably come across instances of mystical hue occurring in their life, where by they are chosen as channels of Revelation. Yet this selection would come unbidden, bestowing them with a transcendental vision where the secret of the universe and the riddle of existence become unraveled. It is their steadfast approach, undivided attention, unflinching devotion and unrelenting trail in pursuit of Supreme Truth in making them accomplished and elevated to realm of ecstasy.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Upanisads thus are the treasure- troves of wise thoughts on eternity of great sages, seers, as well as of divine preceptors. Their words issued forth from such a higher plane of intellectual living that a seeker at the beginning finds them mere abstract imageries. The intrinsic philosophic worth that they hold would only be cherished with an enduring earnest. Hence we find line of facilitative teachers guiding their pursuant pupil closely to grasp esoteric sense of the terms that they employ in these texts. Upanisads aptly termed as ‘Vedanta’ forming the cream of the Vedas with crystallized ideas of truth set in the language of formulae.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e ‘Svetasvataropanisad’ belonging to Krishnayajurveda branch has six chapters and 113 Mantras or hymns. Though not appearing in the list of major or principal Upanisads, it has been often quoted by great masters like Shankara and Ramanuja. Another scholastic view suggests that this Upanisad might have been a later addition in respect of its compositional period vis-e-vis other Upanisads. Nonetheless its importance as well as authority never pale into insignificance being late.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e This Upanisad derives its name from sage Svetasvatara’ who happens to teach Sanyasins (Monks of the highest order) the knowledge of the Supreme Brahman. This has been referred in the twenty-first stanza of sixth chapter. An honorific significance attached to the name of the sage can be known by derivation of the title 'श्वेता अवदाता अश्वा इन्द्रियाणि यस्य स श्वेताश्व: | अतिशयेन श्वेताश्व: श्वेताश्वतर:' | indicating that ‘he who had his sense organs very pure.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Saint-philosopher-teacher of great renown Ramanuja who promulgated the school of qualified monism popularly known as ‘Visistadvaita’ quotes from this Upanisad in his exposition. He considers this Upanisad as a whole offers a cordial climate to his thought.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e It may be the elucidation of intrinsic qualities of Supreme God or glories of lswara or its professing of ‘Jiva’ as distinguished from lswara, all this and that offer valid philosophic stance to Ramanuja. Thereupon he resorts to this Upanisad as and when it is required of him to. provide clear instances of Bheda-sruti, scriptural texts differentiating the individual self from Brahman. Ramanuja in his Sribhasya under Chamasadhikarana 1-4-2-8 while refuting the Sankhyan view of Prakrti being independent of Brahman, profusely quotes from this Upanisad. By supplying several references from this Upanisad it is asserted here that Prakrti as an entity cannot be independent of Brahman.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e As the Supreme Brahman being the indwelling principle in manifest and un-manifest there cannot be an independent existence for both.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e This Upanisad is again referred to in Paradhikarana 3-2-7-35\u0026amp;36 while establishing the supremacy of Parama-purusha, over and above all principles. It is the Supreme Brahman which is both the casual as well as material cause of creation beyond which there cannot be a governing principle. There is a stanza in this Upanisad 1-12 that seemingly propounds three realities and three modes of meditation on Brahman which is pluralistic in view. The three realities namely Bhoktr, Bhogya and Preritr are corresponding to the enjoyer which is Jiva or the Individual self, the enjoyed being the material world, and lswara or the Supreme god being the impeller who actuates other two entities. The individual self while finds his pleasures and pains in the material world; he invariably gets entangled in Samsara thus going through the course of transmigratory existence. By knowledge of the Supreme god or lswara he transcends his body and attains perfection. Ramanuja in his exegetical treatment of the above refers to the Brahman as three-fold thus positing an inseparable relation among three realities in Vedarthasamgraha, The three-fold presentation of Brahman with its nature and attributes paves way for three- fold meditation on Brahman which being the indwelling principle in all. Thus the apparent pluralism is negated.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Another sublime theistic philosophy that Ramanuja finds here is explicit expressions of ‘Saranamaham prapadye’ and ‘Parabhakti’ occurring in eighteenth and twenty-third stanzas of sixth chapter. These very words unequivocally set forth the pathway of surrender and utter devotion to the god. The aspect of Bhakti being highly appreciated in later treatises is a notable proposition here.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Ramanuja finds an apt and harmonious thought running through this text for his elucidation of Monistic theism. At the same time the concept of Antaryami or indwelling aspect of Supreme Brahman is too being brought out beautifully here for him. This Upanisad thus can be regarded as an earlier devotional poetry of excellence.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e This edition is presented with two useful commentaries ‘Prakasika’ of Rangaramanujamuni and ‘Anadabhasya’ of Rangaramanujamuni. Both commentaries truly follow the spirit of Ramanuja philosophy and bring in essential value to the origin. Rangaramanujamuni was an ascetic-scholar of great repute, who has to his credit more than sixty works, among them his commentaries to Upanisads standout as versatile with their simplicity. These commentaries show their fidelity to the school of ‘Visistadvaita’ by following the words of Ramanuja and Desika, He is said to have flourished in 17th century leading a virtuous life. Another pious personality is Ramanandamuni who lived in 13A.D. He had extensively traveled north of India having propagated tenets of Ramanuja, thus contributing greatly to Srivaisnava tradition in those regions. His commentaries to Upanisads in light of Visistadvaita are lucid, detailed and striking.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf935c.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf935d.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf935e.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nzf935f.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577492238637,"sku":"NZF935","price":37.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nzf935.jpg?v=1677425158"},{"product_id":"mimamsa-tarka-bhasa-nzl124","title":"मीमांसातर्क भाषा: Mimamsa Tarka Bhasa","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZL124\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/dr%20sharda%20paudel\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"डा. शारदा पौडेल (Dr. Sharda Paudel)\"\u003eडा. शारदा पौडेल (Dr. Sharda Paudel)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/indian%20mind%20varanasi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Indian Mind, Varanasi\"\u003eIndian Mind, Varanasi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Text with Hindi Translation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2017\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9788193279403\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e207\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.0 inch X 6.0 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e410 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbout the Author \u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The author of Mimamsatarkabhasa is Prof. Dr. Kashinath Nyaupane. Having learnt the entirety of Indian philosophy from the great scholar Swami Yogindrananda in Varanasi for twelve years, Prof. Nyaupane's knowledge of the Indian philosophy is unparalleled. He has committed his life to the advancement of the schools of philosophy such as Mimamsa, Vedanta, Nyaya, Jaina, Bauddha, Carvaka and so on. He is currently the Head of the Buddhist Studies Department, Director of the Foreign Affairs Council as well as the Executive Director of the Research Center of Nepal Sanskrit University.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e He has written and published books such as Mimamsa- padarthavijnanam, Mimamsanayabhusanam, Lahidikriya- yogasamhita, Tarinivarivasya and so on. He has also translated books such as Kalacakratantram, Guhyasamajatantram, Hevajratantram, U ttaratan tram , Chandamaharoshanatantram, Mahamay tan tram, Tattvopaplavasimha ofJayarashi Bhatta and so on. Moreover, he has recently finished editing and translating the entire Pramanavartika with Dharmakirti's own commentary as well as Manorathanandi's.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e He has been working on Satasahasrika Prajnaparamita for the last five years, collecting and editing the manuscripts that had been scattered all over the world and locked up in archives and University libraries, and is going to publish it in 20 volumes by 2018.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbout the Editor and Translator\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The translator and editor of this book, Dr. Sharada Poudel, is a great scholar of Philosophy, especially Buddhism. She did her research on the commentary by Kamalasila on Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita, and thus is the first Ph.D. holder of Lumbini Buddhist University. Currently, she is a faculty of Lumbini Buddhist University in Lumbini, Nepal. She has been decorated with numerous awards and felicitations due to her excellence ill the field of Indian Philosophy.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Mimamsa, among the classical schools of Indian thought, has long been subjected to relative neglect. The number of Mimansaka-s and great Mimamsa scholars, particularly of the Prabhakara or Murari Mishra schools of purva Mimamsa, became rare at the turn of the century. Partly because of this, and partly for other reasons, Mimamsa was felt unattractive by aspiring students of Indian thought- including students who received training in the indigenous system of education as well as those who were trained in the modern European system of education also. Fortunately, there have been, though very few, notable instances of Apavada or exceptions to this general truth. In recent times we found in Varanasi one such instance in the pair of Svami Yogindrananda and Dr. Kashinath Nyaupane. Though not a Mimamsaka himself, this Sarvatantra-svatantra Svamiji endeavored to breathe new life to the tradition of Mimamsa. He had very clear perception, it seems, as to what was to be done. And he found a God sent instrument in Kashinath. He reared up this extremely competent and willing student into a confident and committed scholar of Purva Mimamsa with equal zeal for teaching and, what is more important, writing. Till now Kashinath is more of an adept in Bhatta Mimamsa. If providence granted Svamiji a little longer life then through Kashinath he would have done something for the much needed revival and advancement of Prabhakara Mimamsa also.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e It was the desire of Svamiji that there should be a Mimamsa Tarkabhasa. Tarkabhasa texts that already existed in the traditions like Bauddha, Jaina and Vaisesika were known for their usefulness. It is sad for us and doubly so for the author of the present text, that Svamiji did not Jive to see with what love and commitment his beloved disciple turned his desire for a Mimamsatarkabhasa into reality. If he were alive, he would certainly have written this introduction and that itself would have been a great contribution to Mimamsa literature.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Tarkabhasa texts belong to the class of works called samgraha grantha. Usually Tarkabhasa type texts are needed to introduce young beginners to a particular system of thought. Therefore it is necessary that such texts should be both comprehensive and relatively easy. For this reasons, tarkabhasa texts were written in different schools even though there existed samagrahagrantha-s which were either too difficult though comprehensive or simple but not really comprehensive. Thus, Kesava Misra had to write Tarkabhasa to introduce Nyaya Vaisesika thought though there existed Prasasthadeva's Padarthadharmasamgrahah. For similar reasons, Moksakara Gupta's Bauddha Tarkabhasa is still felt necessary thought there is far more comprehensive Tattvasamgraha. In Prabhakara Mimamsa school there was Prakaranapancika but it could not serve the purpose for which Ramanujacarya had to write his Tantrarahasya. And in Bhatta Mimamsa even the works of Parthasarathi could not render unnecessary the works like Manameyodaya or Bhatta- cintamani. Svamiji knew that at least these and a number of similar texts were already there. Kashinath who himself has read all these books to which he has made copious reference could not be unaware either that these works existed. And still a work had to be written not simply with the title Mimamsa Tarkabhasa, but fulfilling the need which a text of such type is expected to serve. Svamiji seems to have wanted an authentic, simple and comprehensive introduction to Mimamsa which would be suitable for the beginners, and further the text should combine the virtues of the types of texts mentioned above and avoid their shortcomings. In Mimamsa such introductoty text should in the first place cover laukika as well as Mimamsa Pramana-s, Mimamsa Nyaya-s and ordinary as well as Mimamsa prameya-s. Again, it should include relevant rival views. Laugaksibhaskara's Arthasamgrahah is not comprehensive as it entirely omits the discussion of laukika of Mimamsa pramana and nyaya. On the other hand Gagabhatta's Bhattacintamani, written in the difficult style of Navanyaya, is not quite suitable for beginners. Manameyodaya also omits special Mimamsa topics including Mimamsa prameya, Mimamsa Nyaya and Mimamsa pramana. However the English Introduction of this text which has been published by Adyar Library contains a list of relevant rival views. Kashinath includes such information in the body of the text itself. In sum, Kashinath's work can compare.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Favourably with Kamalakara Bhatta-s Mimamsakutuhalam which was edited by the renowned Mimamsa scholar Pattabhiram Sastri and published in 1987 by Sampurnananda Samskrta University, this book is an ideal text for the beginners. But the topics, which have been discussed in the present text, did not receive equal attention in Mimamsakutuhalam. Further, Kashinath defends the more conservative Mimamsa position in respect of themes like Isvara and Moksa; and in doing so he differs from Kamalakara Bhatta and hence Pattabhirama-Sastri who in his Introduction to Mimamsa- kutuhalam defended its author. Some may think that a text for the beginners should simply record the controversies without betraying preference for any particular position. But it seems that even for the beginners the best author is he who has a stand of his own and strength of conviction. In addition he should have the fairness enough to correctly record the views of the rivals. The author of the present text fully satisfies this description. He had collected relevant information from almost an exhaustive number of authentic sources and presented them in lucid Samskrta. The text has been written partly in prose and partly in verse and this has vastly enhanced the readability of the text. In conclusion it must be admitted, however, that for a complete introduction to Bhatta Mimamsa thought even this Mimamsatarkbhasa is not sufficient. It is therefore desirable that the present work should be read or taught along with the same author's Mimamsapadarthavijnanam and preferably Mimamsanaya- bhusanam.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124a.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124b.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124c.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124d.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124e.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124f.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124g.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124h.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124i.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124j.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124k.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124l.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2017\/nzl124m.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577493418285,"sku":"NZL124","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nzl124.jpg?v=1677425188"},{"product_id":"vedanta-dindima-nzi769","title":"वेदान्तडिण्डिम: - Vedanta Dindima","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZI769\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/swami%20satchidanandendra%20saraswati\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"???? ????????????????? ??????? ( Swami Satchidanandendra Saraswati)\"\u003e???? ????????????????? ??????? ( Swami Satchidanandendra Saraswati)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/adhyatma%20prakashan%20karyalaya%20bangalore\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Adhyatma Prakashan Karyalaya, Bangalore\"\u003eAdhyatma Prakashan Karyalaya, Bangalore\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Only\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2002\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e76\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.5 inch X 5.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e80 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nzi769a.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e His Holiness Paramahamsa Sri Sri Satchidanandendra Saraswathi Swamiji, the founder of Adhyatma Prakasa Karyalaya and author of over 200 reputed works on Advaita in Kannada, sanskrit and English blessed the earth his presence for ninety six useful and rich years (1880-1975).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e His works are characterized by vast and deep scholarship, clear and precise perception and an attractive and lively style. His authentic interpretation of Sankara has been greatly recognized by both the East and the West. He was not just a rare and accomplished individual but a mighty and magnificient institution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nzi769b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nzi769c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"RED\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nzi769d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nzi769e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nzi769f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nzi769g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44577493975341,"sku":"NZI769","price":16.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nzi769.jpg?v=1677425223"},{"product_id":"narada-bhakti-sutra-sandilya-bhakti-sutra-jitante-stotram-ubc857","title":"Narada-Bhakti-Sutra \u0026 Sandilya-Bhakti-Sutra \u0026 Jitante Stotram","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBC857\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/h%20h%20bhanu%20swami\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"H.H. Bhanu Swami\"\u003eH.H. Bhanu Swami\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/iskcon%20chennai\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Iskcon, Chennai\"\u003eIskcon, Chennai\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eROMANIZED SANSKRIT AND ENGLISH\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e66\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.50 X 5.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e100 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc857b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc857c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc857d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc857e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc857f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc857g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602377765165,"sku":"UBC857","price":29.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubc857.jpg?v=1677616764"},{"product_id":"reading-apocalyptic-book-of-revelation-commentary-uba422","title":"Reading the Apocalyptic, the Book of Revelation- A Commentary","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBA422\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/abraham%20philip\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Abraham Philip\"\u003eAbraham Philip\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/christian%20world%20imprints%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Christian World Imprints, Delhi\"\u003eChristian World Imprints, Delhi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2022\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789351486404\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e224\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.50 X 6.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e540 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout The Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This book will be an asset and a great text for theological students, pastors and all scholars who want to understand the last book of the Bible. The author of this book himself went through different stages of his life with different experiences as a student, pastor, research scholar, professor and mentor. His vivid outlook and experience shine through the pages of the book. This should inspire a great number of people today to criticize, research and publish more. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This book has been written amidst the COVID 19 pandemic when the world has been undergoing an unprecedented crisis. The war in Ukraine also looms large over the world as a great threat to the peace of the world. Whenever the world has undergone similar crises situations, the apocalyptic literature, especially the Book of Revelation has provided hope amidst hopelessness to the suffering people. Moreover, as this book has been written with the course in Biblical Cluster namely the apocalyptic Literature in mind, theological students will find it very helpful in their studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Rev. Dr. Abraham Philip is a visiting Professor at FFRRC, Kottyam. He has taught at the Mar Thoma Theological Seminary at Kottayam for nearly two decades during the early part of this century staying at the Campus. He was visiting Professor at MSOT Seminary, Mulanthuruthy, near Kochi during the last decade of the last century for a few years. He has authored several books. Some of them are Daily Prayers for the People of God (2011, 2014, and 2018), Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry (2012, 2015), Enlightening Words of Truth (2017). An Introduction to the New Testament (2017), The History and Theology of the Gospel According to St. John (2018), The Holy Spirit in the New Testament (2018), Biblical Hermeneutics: Methods and Perspectives (2020).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e During history, the Book of Revelation got marginalized especially during the Reformation. Many of the Reformation leaders did not have high regard for this book. I began taking this book seriously almost a decade back. During the first week of January the Diocesan convention of the Mar Thoma Church was going on at the Mar Thoma Seminary Higher Secondary School ground at Kottayam. One evening a learned and respectable layman, a College Professor, was the preacher, He preached from a passage in the Book of Revelation. Rev. Dr. Sham P. Thomas who was there to lead the Bible Study, every morning told me that I should write a book on the Book of Revelation. From that time I started pondering over it. During all these years I had a longing to write a book on this last book of the Bible namely The Apocalypse, popularly known as the Book of Revelation. But I did not get enough confidence to venture upon it though I taught the book to a few batches of students at Kottayam Mar Thoma Theological Seminary. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Two years back after the publication of my work: Biblical Hermeneutics: Methods and Perspectives (Tiruvalla: CSS, 2020), Rev. Dr. Mathew Daniel. the Secretary of Christava Sahitya Samithi told me that he would venture to publish only such academic books hereafter which could be used as text books for theological and for others who want to study the Bible. In the light of that conversation, I thought that I should start writing a book on the Apocalyptic Literature in the Bible, which is one of the courses for Bachelor of Divinity students at the Seminary. During Christmas 2020, I started writing this book praying to God to give me the divine guidance and the needed wisdom to complete this work which will be of use to people who want to study this last book of the Bible and also that I could give an apt and useful interpretation of the book for the contemporary times. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e If we analyze the events recorded in the annals of history, it can be seen that the seventeenth century was a century of reasoning, the eighteenth century was that of enlightenment, the nineteenth century was one that of progress, the twentieth century as that of freedom and independence, and the twenty-first century as a century of extremism and uncertainties. Amidst the uncertainties it is difficult to predict what is going to happen in the days to come.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The present century has become one of extremism and uncertainties. It is very difficult to predict what is going to happen next. Even now the pandemic of Covid 19 looms large over the world in the form of yet another wave. Wars, climate change, etc., are disastrous events that the world is facing today. Cyclones, hurricanes, tornadoes, tsunamis and floods affect various parts of the world. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are also a great threat to many regions. Uncertainties make it very difficult for people to dream of a better future. Moreover, the social media and even some reputed scientific journals report about certain mysteries hovering over the world related with living beings visiting the earth from alien planets in the universe. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The Indian thought regards history as cyclical. Creation and destruction are processes that happen on earth repeatedly. There are some people who predict that the earth would be destroyed after some years due to natural calamities. It could even be as a result of some objects coming from outside and hitting the earth. They observe that this has happened in the past. They point out that some of the fossils of huge living creatures that are found on earth are those of such species that were there on earth during time immemorial. They think that the threat of humanity's destruction looms large over the world today than ever before. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e All these have turned human attention to the apocalyptic literature in the Bible. There is no doubt that the Apocalypse or the Book of Revelation would provide some solace and comfort for the people who are very skeptical about. their future as well as those who undergo severe hardships or persecutions in their everyday life. Thus the Apocalypse has become the book of the hour. It provides hope for the future through the words of Jesus Christ who says, \"I will come back.\" This commentary on the Book of Revelation is hoped to be an aid for those who would like to read this book and discover its message for the contemporary times in the New Normal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba422n.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602379600173,"sku":"UBA422","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uba422.jpg?v=1677616767"},{"product_id":"melkote-introduction-thirunarayanapuram-ubc852","title":"Melkote- An Introduction (Thirunarayanapuram)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBC852\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/haripriya\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Haripriya\"\u003eHaripriya\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/samskriti%20foundation%20mysore\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Samskriti Foundation, Mysore\"\u003eSamskriti Foundation, Mysore\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2019\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e34\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.50 X 5.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e50 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc852b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc852c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc852d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc852e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc852f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602379698477,"sku":"UBC852","price":22.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubc852.jpg?v=1677616770"},{"product_id":"jesuit-initiatives-in-indian-higher-education-uba413","title":"Jesuit Initiatives in Indian Higher Education","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBA413\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/joan%20dias%20savio%20abreu%20s%20j%20keith%20d%20souza%20s%20j\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Joan Dias,Savio Abreu, S.J. \u0026amp; Keith D'Souza, S.J.\"\u003eJoan Dias,Savio Abreu, S.J. \u0026amp; Keith D'Souza, S.J.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/christian%20world%20imprints%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Christian World Imprints, Delhi\"\u003eChristian World Imprints, Delhi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2021\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789351485674\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e274\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.50 X 6.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e670 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout The Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This collection of articles provides a panoramic perspective of the contribution of the Society of Jesus commonly known as the Jesuits-in the field of higher education in India. In the year 2019, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, celebrated its sesquicentennial (150) anniversary On this occasion, several scholars from different parts of India were invited to present research articles connected with the efforts of Jesuits from the 16th century till today in imparting quality formation at the highest levels of institutionalized or formal education. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The first section of the book features general and overarching themes related to Jesuit engagement with higher education. The second section focuses on the historical contributions within specific geographical locations: Bengal, Bombay, Madura and Malabar. Each of these areas was developed by Jesuits who came from different parts of the world to serve the subcontinent in various ways, including higher education. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Besides providing an overview of these interventions in higher education, there is also a critical assessment of the contribution of Jesuits in this field. Aspects and contours of future goals and plans are also presented, keeping in mind what is desirable, in terms of creating wholesome conditions for the integral transformation of all those who are engaged in, and benefit from Jesuit work in the field of higher education in India.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e I Lanusenla Ao is a member of the Ao Baptist Church in Nagaland, India. She was involved for a year in church ministry at Tuensang Ao Baptist Church, Nagaland. She taught Communication Studies (Christian Ministry) for thirteen years at Leonard Theological College, Jabalpur, where she also served as the Editor of Sandeshharika (Prophetess's Voice). At present, she teaches at the Gossner Theological College, Ranchi, India. She is the Editor of the Adivasi Journal of Theology. She has also published a book entitled Communicating the Gospel in Media Saturated Era.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This publication was birthed at the seminar held to celebrate the sesquicentennial jubilee of St. Xavier's College Mumbai. It is being published as we Jesuits celebrate the 500 anniversary of the 'canonball event. On 20 May 1521 a cannonball injured the leg of a brave soldier. His forced convalescence made him question the meaning of his life and gave it a new direction. This led to the founding of the Jesuit order. The world today faces another cannonball event the Covid pandemic that has swept the globe. Education, and specifically Jesuit education will have to change in order to respond to the learnings of this pandemic. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The Jesuit ideals of the Magis and 'Finding God in All things' remain as relevant as ever. Jesuit education can never rest on its past laurels. The Magis gives us a restless longing to constantly find newer and better ways to serve the Lord and His changing world. 'Finding God in all things' means that we follow a Lord who does not lock himself up in a remote exotic place, but is out in the market place, in the messy terrain that constitutes the temples of learning that we call academic institutions. God's ministers do not just inhabit churches and temples. God's ministers are also teachers, doctors, nurses, academicians, mental health specialists and any person of goodwill. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Academic excellence and professionalism, our traditional hallmarks will have to be sustained. The pandemic has taught us the need for cutting- edge research. The pandemic has also exposed other kinds of problems - workers and daily wagers who had to bear the brunt of our lockdowns and right-wing leaders who instead of working towards a global consensus used this opportunity to further polarize the world, its nations and its citizens. Jesuit education will have to train people in critical thought, concern for the marginalized and instill the need for collaborative efforts to build a better cosmos. While many leaders seek to polarize, Jesuit institutions will have to strive for justice, an egalitarian world order and an inclusive capacious cosmos which fosters the flourishing of all beings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The recent Education World India Autonomous Colleges Rankings 2020-21 were a heart-warming public recognition of the contribution of the Indian Jesuit family of institutions of higher education in the country.' The first four colleges in this perceptual ranking were all Jesuit-run. A fitting testimony to the hard labour of decades of work put in by Jesuits and their lay collaborators of different religious, cultural, ethnic and national backgrounds. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The present volume is a humble collection of only a few representatives from diverse fields of the bouquet of the complex offering in the field of higher education which the Jesuit family has gladly orchestrated for over a century. The volume springs from a celebratory event of St. Xavier's College, Mumbai-its sesquicentennial (150) anniversary--but the celebration is really a collective one, shared by Jesuits and their those who have shared their vision, values and mission over the years, all over India and all over the globe. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of the sesquicentennial celebrations, a national seminar was hosted to highlight the contribution of Jesuits in the field of higher education in South Asia in November 2019. Scholars from different institutions in India were invited to present papers on various aspects of this contribution. The seminar was organized to salute the efforts of our pioneering predecessors in the field of the Jesuit enterprise of higher education in India. Discussions and deliberations on the achievements and challenges within this field were the high point of the seminar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413n.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba413o.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602379731245,"sku":"UBA413","price":55.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uba413.jpg?v=1677616773"},{"product_id":"great-little-books-short-lives-of-great-vol-113-ubc872","title":"Great Little Books : Short Lives of the Great (Vol. 113)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBC872\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/lifco%20publishers%20pvt%20ltd\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"LIFCO Publishers Pvt. Ltd.\"\u003eLIFCO Publishers Pvt. Ltd.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e7.00 X 4.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e20 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In this little book are gathered the lives of a few eminent personages representing different types poet, philosopher, statesman, mathematician, ruler, patriot, industrial leader, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e These lives are not mere outlines but contain enough details which will help the reader to understand a right how these great men were enlivened by noble purposes and how they sought to achieve their details. This list is by means exhaustive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc872b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc872c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc872d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc872e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602379895085,"sku":"UBC872","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubc872.jpg?v=1677616775"},{"product_id":"catalogue-of-sanskrit-manuscripts-dharmasastra-manuscripts-old-and-rare-book-uba458","title":"Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts- Dharmasastra Manuscripts (An Old and Rare Book)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBA458\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/madhukar%20mangesh%20patkar\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Madhukar Mangesh Patkar\"\u003eMadhukar Mangesh Patkar\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/deccan%20college%20postgraduate%20and%20research%20institute\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute\"\u003eDeccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1966\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e144\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.00 X 6.00 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e210 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e The original Government Collection of Sanskrit Manu- scripts deposited in the Deccan College during the 19th century was transferred to the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute when that Institute was founded in 1917. When the Deccan College was revive 1 in 1939 as a foundation for research and post-graduate study in Linguistics, Archaeology and Sociology, a new collection was started primarily through gifts received from different parties and to a certain extent by a search initiated by members of the staff, particularly Dr. R. G. Harshe, the first Registrar of the Institute. This collection now contains over 10,000 manuscripts covering different aspects of Sanskrit literature. A hand-list was prepared several years ago and steps had been taken to prepare descriptive catalogues when under a project approved by the Ministry of Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs, Government of India, catalogues of Indian manuscripts were to be prepared according to a set form approved by a special Committee appointed by the Ministry, and the Deccan College was among several institutions invited to seek the advantage of having their catalogues published under this scheme. The work of preparing the descriptive catalogues of these manuscripts has been undertaken by different members of the staff of the Deccan College and the present volume is published with the help of the grant-in-aid for publication of catalogues and manuscripts given by the then Ministry of Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs, Government of India, New Delhi. It is expected that similar volumes will follow each other at short intervals and cover the entire range of the present collection of manuscripts. \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e The total number of manuscripts described in this Vedic section is 280. Most of the manuscripts described here belong to the Dikshit collection, only 33 being those which belong to the Deccan College Collection, 12 to the Data collection and 1 to the Kesari-Maratha collection. Among the various names of the owners, which occur in these manuscripts, we find mentioned Govind Dikshit (No. 64), and Lakshminarayan Dikshit (No. 190), and Gangadhar Datar (No. 245). \u003cp\u003e The subject-wise distribution of the manuscripts is as follows: Rgveda Samhita and Pada, 202 manuscripts; Taittiriya Samhita and Pada, 21 manuscripts: Aitareya Brahmana, 15 manuscripts; Taittiriya Brahmana, 1 manuscript; Ninha- uttara-tapanaya-Upanisad, 1 manuscript; Carapavyuha, 16 manu- scripts; Rgveda, 10 manuscripts; miscellaneous of the type of the commentaries or anukramanis, 14 manuscripts. It may be noted that in the manuscripts of the Taittiriya Sakha, the divisions of the text are called Astakas and not Kandas. Among the Rg- vidhana manuscripts, only two (Nos. 260, 261) agree with the published text of the work of that name. The rest (Nos. 262-267 and also perhaps 268-269) show quite a different text. Among these latter, No. 262 is called Urhad Rgvidhana and is ascribed to Baudhayana. The rest, which do not differ from this, are called simply Rgvidhana and are ascribed to Saunaka. It would be worthwhile to publish a critical edition of both the versions of the Rgvidhana. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba458b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba458c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba458d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba458e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba458f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba458g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba458h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602379993389,"sku":"UBA458","price":29.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uba458.jpg?v=1677616778"},{"product_id":"great-little-books-inspiring-speeches-vol-114-ubc849","title":"Great Little Books : Inspiring Speeches (Vol. 114)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBC849\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/lifco%20publishers%20pvt%20ltd\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"LIFCO Publishers Pvt. Ltd.\"\u003eLIFCO Publishers Pvt. Ltd.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2016\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e22\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e7.00 X 4.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e20 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc849b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc849c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc849d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc849e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602380091693,"sku":"UBC849","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubc849.jpg?v=1677616781"},{"product_id":"great-little-books-art-of-making-friends-vol-130-ubc945","title":"Great Little Books - The Art of Making Friends (Vol. 130)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBC945\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/lifco%20publishers%20pvt%20ltd\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"LIFCO Publishers Pvt. Ltd.\"\u003eLIFCO Publishers Pvt. Ltd.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2016\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e26\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e7.00 X 4.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e20 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc945b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc945c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc945d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc945e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602380157229,"sku":"UBC945","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubc945.jpg?v=1677616783"},{"product_id":"re-culturation-attempt-to-reconstruct-northern-indian-christian-samskaras-in-light-of-manusmrti-and-law-of-moses-postcolonial-subaltern-response-uba410","title":"Re-culturation An Attempt to Reconstruct Northern Indian Christian Samskaras in the Light of Manusmrti and Law of Moses- A Postcolonial Subaltern Response","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBA410\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/tapas%20ghosh\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Tapas Ghosh\"\u003eTapas Ghosh\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/christian%20world%20imprints%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Christian World Imprints, Delhi\"\u003eChristian World Imprints, Delhi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2020\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789351483489\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e262\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.50 X 6.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e610 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout The Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This book is an exposition to unveil the possibility of the cultural re-construction of North Indian Protestant Christian traditions (Samskaras). The foundation of the Indian Church (other than St. Thomas tradition) is laid on the Western pattern and doctrines, and the colonial Church has failed or somehow avoided to use the rich Indian heritage, as the European Church utilized the Greco-roman traditions. Therefore, the native Christians are largely alien to the contextual reality of India, thus, there remains a sustaining cultural and social dilemma. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This scholarly work has explored few new possibilities to re-capture a new Indic vision as the postcolonial quest, by de- colonizing the colonized tradition, with selective use of the Manusmrti and the Law of Moses, aiming to advocate that Christianity can be fitted within the plurality of Samaj Dharma of India. In brief, the book is a model of Samskaric re-culturation towards the cultural Indianness of the Indian Church.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Dr Tapas Ghosh, Associate Professor of Allahabad Bible Seminary [Senate of Serampore College (University)] was born at Rambati village, Barddhaman Dist, West Bengal, India to an educated Hindu family. In 1990, he accepted Jesus and began his ministerial life since then. After 11 years of being a grass-root evangelist in Tripura and West Bengal, he joined as a faculty in 2001. He has completed his B. A. from Burdwan University, B. D. and M.Th (Religions) from Senate of Serampore College, M. A. (Ecumenism) and Ph.D. (Philosophy) from the Institute of Asian and Oriental Studies, Dept. of Philosophy, University of Bonn (Germany). Presently, he is pursuing his Postdoctoral research from University of Bonn. Dr. Ghosh is committed in teaching and writing, mainly on Indian culture, religion and mission. His Indic specific narrative and postcolonial analysis has a new academic flavor. Dr. Ghosh is married to Mrs. Hoikhonem Lunkim, Kuki from Manipur and also a Faculty in ABS, and they are blessed with a daughter Naomi.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The 'text without context is pre-text' as I always say. The universal message of the Gospel must have its inroad into the local context, be it philosophy. culture or custom. Theology and mission discourse in Asia has been debating on the issue of Western model in the context of the local aspiration, tradition, custom, and culture. The Asian population has various challenges from within, be it caste, pluralism in religion, culture and language or the long colonial legacy. The pertinent missiological question to define culture within culture is important. The hierarchy of culture in India that is imposed either by the caste Hindu, Muslim or by the European colonist has made the postcolonial studies contextually relevant. The domination of a culture within culture is the root cause of loosing cultural identity of many people. Quest for identity and self- determination in the context of faith needs to be addressed from the context of cultural colonization of Asian\/India Christian. The mission and culture debate is going on and yet lot more to do, but the discourse in this research has enriched us and opened up various dimensions to accomplish our endeavor. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Dr. Tapas Ghosh is known to me when he joined at Allahabad Bible Seminary in 2009 as a faculty of religions. As a Hindu convert from an educated Bengali family, he holds a different kind of view that may not be so similar to the conventional ideas of the Gospel and Mission in India. His ability to think differently is a positive contribution for a constructive future for Indian mission. I was not aware of his academic ambition but later I found his ability, so supported his further studies at the University of Bonn, Germany. He completed his major academic work (Ph.D) under the Dept. of Philosophy, to the Institute of Asian and Oriental Studies, 2018. The title of his research, 'Re-culturation: An Attempt to Reconstruct Northern Indian Christian Samskäras in the Light of Manusmrti and Law of Moses - A Postcolonial Subaltern Response' has dealt with the basic issue of mission and culture from the Indian context and it is geographically located to North India.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410n.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410o.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410p.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410q.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410r.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba410s.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602380222765,"sku":"UBA410","price":56.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uba410.jpg?v=1677616786"},{"product_id":"great-little-books-hints-in-conducting-meeting-and-public-speaking-vol-129-ubc946","title":"Great Little Books : Hints in Conducting Meeting and Public Speaking (Vol. 129)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBC946\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/lifco%20publishers%20pvt%20ltd\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"LIFCO Publishers Pvt. Ltd.\"\u003eLIFCO Publishers Pvt. Ltd.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2016\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e26\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e7.00 X 4.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e20 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc946b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc946c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc946d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc946e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602380910893,"sku":"UBC946","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubc946.jpg?v=1677616788"},{"product_id":"merchants-and-rulers-in-gujarat-response-to-portuguese-in-sixteenth-century-old-and-rare-book-ubf241","title":"Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat (The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century - An Old and Rare Book)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBF241\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/m%20n%20pearson\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"M. N. Pearson\"\u003eM. N. Pearson\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/munshiram%20manoharlal%20publishers%20pvt%20ltd\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"MUNSHIRAM MANOHARLAL PUBLISHERS PVT LTD\"\u003eMUNSHIRAM MANOHARLAL PUBLISHERS PVT LTD\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1976\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e190\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.50 X 6.00 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e380 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Among historians of South Asia it is generally recognized that we know little about the activities of the Portuguese in the sixteenth century, and still less about the effects of their activities on the local population. An occasional plea is heard: \"Why doesn't someone learn Portuguese and work in the Goa archives?\" Yet it is ironic that most historians probably also feel that they can live with this lacuna. There are other gaps of more pressing significance in our knowledge. The general attitude is that the Portuguese never ruled large areas in India anyway. It is generally known that they failed to achieve control of the spice trade to Europe; if they failed here, where they tried hardest, then why bother with them at all? We can give them credit for being the first Europeans to sail to India via the Cape of Good Hope (though we all know that it was a Gujarati Muslim pilot who guided them across from East Africa to Calicut), but their real significance ends here. It was the people who followed them, the Dutch and the British, who were really important because they initiated the colonial period of Indian history. The beginnings of this momentous period are usually found in Surat in the early seventeenth century, or perhaps in the dynamics of Western European history in the late sixteenth century. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This monograph argues that neglect of the Portuguese is unfortunate for two reasons. Portuguese activities in the sixteenth century were not just an anachronistic \"renaissance\" prelude to the arrival of the \"modern\" British and Dutch. It is indeed arguable that the Portuguese in the sixteenth century had more \"impact\" on India than did the Dutch and British in the seventeenth century. During their first century in India, the northern Europeans simply merged into an existing commercial framework as two more groups of foreign merchants; there were ample precedents for such activities, for India had always been hospitable to foreigners come to trade. The Portuguese, however, were not like this. They had no intention of trading peacefully alongside the dominant Muslim merchants in the Indian ocean. They tried to monopolize some items of Asian trade, and direct and tax trade in all other products. Obviously they failed to enforce their grandiose design, but in one area, Gujarat, they came close to success: for most of the sixteenth century they did control and tax most sea trade from the Gulf of Cambay. The setting in which the Portuguese operated, the mechanics of their system, and the nature of contacts between Portuguese and Gujaratis, are set out in the first four chapters of this monograph. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e To the historian of India the Portuguese presence is not of interest only because of their trade control system. When the angle of focus is reversed, the response to the Portuguese from Gujarat provides a fascinating case study of the nature of political connections in this medieval Indian society. It is argued that this response to a new phenomenon of trade control cannot be explained in strictly economic or military terms. In fact, the rulers of Gujarat could, with an extremely good chance of success, have pressured the Portuguese to end their system. But this they never wanted to do, because normally rulers did not care what merchants did.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241l.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241m.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf241n.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602381304109,"sku":"UBF241","price":44.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubf241.jpg?v=1677616791"},{"product_id":"sugamanvaya-vrtti-commentary-in-jaina-sanskrit-on-kalidasa-s-meghaduta-part-ii-old-and-rare-book-uba460","title":"Sugamanvaya Vrtti- Commentary in Jaina Sanskrit on Kalidasa's Meghaduta: Part-II (An Old and Rare Book)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBA460\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/walter%20harding%20maurer\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Walter Harding Maurer\"\u003eWalter Harding Maurer\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/deccan%20college%20postgraduate%20and%20research%20institute\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute\"\u003eDeccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1965\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e256\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.50 X 5.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e280 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e On the 15th of October 1964 the Deccan College celebrates the centenary of its main Building, and curiously enough this period coincides with the Silver Jubilee of the Postgraduate and Research Institute which, as successor to the Deccan College, started functioning from 17th August 1939 when members of the teaching faculty reported on duty. When I suggested to members of our faculty the novel iden that the centenary should be celebrated by the publication of a hundred monographs representing the research carried on under the auspices of the Deccan Col- lege in its several departments they readily accepted the suggestion. These contributions are from present and past faculty members and research scholars of the Deccan College, giving a cross-section of the manifold research that it has sponsored during the past twenty-five years. From small beginnings in 1939 the Deccan College has now grown into a well developed and developing Research Institute and become a national centre in so far as Lin- guistics, Archaeology and Ancient Indian History, and Anthropology and Sociology are concerned. Its inter- national status is attested by the location of the Indian Institute of German Studies (jointly sponsored by Deccan College and the Goethe Institute of Munich), the American Institute of Indian Studies and a branch of the Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient in the campus of the Deccan College. The century of monographs not only symbolises the centenary of the original building and the silver jubilee of the Research Institute, but also the new spirit of critical enquiry and the promise of more to come. \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba460m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602381402413,"sku":"UBA460","price":42.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uba460.jpg?v=1677616793"},{"product_id":"cattle-and-stick-ethnographic-profile-of-raut-of-chattisgarh-old-and-rare-book-ubf240","title":"The Cattle and the Stick- An Ethnographic Profile of the Raut of Chattisgarh (An Old and Rare Book)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBF240\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/lok%20nath%20soni\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Lok Nath Soni\"\u003eLok Nath Soni\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/anthropological%20survey%20of%20india%20kolkata\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Anthropological Survey of India, Kolkata\"\u003eAnthropological Survey of India, Kolkata\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2000\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e8185579571\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e199\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e10.00 X 7.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e580 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e The Raut, who were nomadic cattle- herders in the incipient stage of their civilisation, have now settled down in the villages of Chhattisgarh and have combined agriculture with their traditional occupation of cattle-herding. which shows their shift from pastoral economy to agricultural economy. involving them in the process of pastoral- agriculture continuum. Over a long period of time, systematic modes-socio- economic between the Raut and other local peasant communities have developed in the area. The vocational specialisation of the different castes, which is more or less hereditary, makes them to interact fulfilling the needs of each other. Different caste groups work as segmented functional groups, separate in their caste behaviour and economic mode, but as an integral part of the Indian village society and culture in Chhattisgarh region of Madhya Pradesh. \u003cp\u003e This ethnographic study throws light on the Raut of Chhattisgarh which is the first comprehensive study on this major caste group. Rauts are widely known as Yadavas who have been playing very significant role in recent times in the national as well as state political scenario of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and some other states of India, Rich cultural heritage and the functional role of the Raut in the local peasantry have provided them an important place in the regional caste milieu of Chhattisgarh. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e Dr. Lok Nath Soni (b. 1948) obtained his M.A. (1971) and Ph.D. (1979) degrees in Anthropology from Ravishankar University, Raipur, M. P. He has conducted research work in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, and Rajasthan on various communities, both tribal and non-tribal. \u003cp\u003e Dr. Soni is the author of the book Bbil Sub-Groups in Caste Milieu published in 1993. He has published 85 research papers in various anthropological journals and in many edited volumes. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e Currently he is attached to the Anthropological Survey of India as its Keeper in the Central Museum at Calcutta. \u003cp\u003e This book is the revised version of an earlier report submitted by Dr. Lok Nath Soni to the Anthropological Survey of India as a Junior Fellow in 1975. Dr. Soni has worked in the area of Chhattisgarh to which he originally belongs. Chhattisgarh has been a very rich area for anthropological studies. Dr. S. C. Dube's full-length account on the Kamar tribe is a well-known ethnographic work anthropology of this area. Dr. Verrier Elwin contributed valuable writings on the tribes of this region. There are a good number of research publications by the Survey namely, The Dhurwa of Bastar; The Dorla of Bastar; Chhattisgarh: An area study; Tribal Situation in North- East Surguja: Maria Lak-Katha (in Hindi); The Nagesia of Chhattisgarh; The Kodaku of Surguja; Dorla Lok-Katha (in Hindi); A Tribal Village of Middle India and so on. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e World anthropology owes a great deal of concern to ethnographic studies of different populations all over the globe. Ethnographic study involves a long-term and face-to-face enquiry of a particular human community or society and presentation of a firsthand account of their so- cial life and culture. In simple terms, it can be defined as a division of anthropology which is solely devoted to the analysis and systematic in- terpretation of a culture in space and time. Its relevance has not been minimised in the recent years also, when there have been many specialisations and developments within the sub-discipline of social\/cul- tural anthropology after the sixties. Ethnography has maintained its relevance all through. Empiricism remains the guiding principle of eth- nographic reporting\/presentation. \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e The Raut, a cattle-herder group, are spread over the whole of Chhat- tisgarh region of Madhya Pradesh, India with their distinctive name and specialised occupation. In the past, they had no permanent settlement and had to lead a semi-nomadic life along with the herds of cattle. Oc- cupationally they were cattle herders, cattle-breeders and graziers. Most of their time used to be spent in the jungles tending the cattle. Even at the time of childbirth, they were not in habit of returning home for nursing of the mother and the child. But, at present, they are living in the villages with other caste people and have become an indispen- sable part of village life and the Hindu society. \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eBook's Contents and Sample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240l.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf240m.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602381533485,"sku":"UBF240","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubf240.jpg?v=1677616796"},{"product_id":"indian-dialogical-christologies-recapitulating-advaita-vedanta-indian-traditions-of-swami-vivekananda-and-mahatma-gandhi-uba420","title":"Indian Dialogical Christologies (Recapitulating Advaita Vedanta \u0026 Indian Traditions of Swami Vivekananda and Mahatma Gandhi)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBA420\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/p%20t%20subrahmanyan\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"P. T. Subrahmanyan\"\u003eP. T. Subrahmanyan\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/christian%20world%20imprints%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Christian World Imprints, Delhi\"\u003eChristian World Imprints, Delhi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2018\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789351482574\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e180\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.50 X 6.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e460 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout The Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This comparative study brings out the differences between the Christian dogma and the Indian experiences of Christ by Swami Vivekananda and Mahatma Gandhi. Both Vivekananda and Gandhi encountered Christ in the context of British colonialism in India. The Christ of the doctrines as presented by the Christian missionaries in a western framework was unacceptable to them. Instead, they looked upon Christ and Christianity through the lenses of Advaita Vedanta and Indian Tradition. Their Christ-experience thus emphasised more on the metaphysical and ethical dimensions, than on any ritualistic and confessional practices of Christianity. Although, the Christian Church in India may not be able to accept the views of Vivekananda and Gandhi as it is, still the Church can learn many lessons from their experiences and enriched by it. This book also. provides clues for a dialogical relationship between Hinduism and Christianity in the present context of India, from the confrontational attitude of the colonial past.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Dr. P. T. Subrahmanyan obtained his B.D. and M.Th (Religion) from the Senate of Serampore. He completed his M.A. (Philosophy) with rank from the University of Kerala. He received his Ph.D (Philosophy) from Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam. Currently he is teaching religion and philosophy in India Bible College \u0026amp; Seminary, Kumbanad, Kerala. He also is a visiting faculty in many theological institutions. He has authored several articles in leading journals. He is married to Tessy and is blessed with a daughter, Darsa and a son, Derik. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Swami Vivekananda and Mahatma Gandhi encountered Christ and Christianity in a colonial context, which seriously questioned the basic values of Indian tradition. The Westem civilization they encountered not only affirmed its superiority, but also denigrated the religion and culture of India. Vivekananda and Gandhi responded to this context by rejecting the Western form of Christianity as well as separating Christ from this Western colonial Christianity. They did not accept the customary\/dogmatic beliefs of the West on Christ, which was based on the Aristotelian epistemology. On the other, they experienced Christ as an Oriental, and his spirituality as essentially Eastern. This re-definition of Christ-experience was based on Advaita epistemology of oneness and equality in Christ. Therefore, Vivekananda's and Gandhi's Christ- experience is metaphysical and ethical in nature in accordance with Indian tradition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Christ-experience in Indian context is therefore different from the West. It is experiential and mystical in nature, transforming the 'experiencer' into Christ-likeness or into another Christ'. This experience cannot be defined into dogmas and doctrines by rationalization as in the Western Aristotelian framework. This understanding of Christ in the context of Advaita philosophy and Indian tradition brings a new dimension of Christ-experience. However, this research examines, whether this novel approach is wanting? This research also suggests ways of understanding and dialogical co-existence between Hindus and Christians in contemporary India, from a colonial, confrontational approach of the past. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e There are seven chapters in the book. The first chapter is introduction. It deals with the research problem, its significance and the 19 century colonial background and related issues of the study. The second chapter deals with the formation of Vivekananda and Gandhi the influences that made their personality and philosophical views. The third chapter is about the supremacy of Indian tradition and Advaita Vedanta in the writings of Vivekananda and Gandhi. Fourth chapter sees how Vivekananda and Gandhi as Advaita Vedantins responded to the Christian tradition, plurality of religions and Christ. The fifth chapter analyses the Christ-experience of Vivekananda and Gandhi as metaphysical and ethical, which is quite different from the Western Aristotelian epistemological framework. The sixth chapter is a critical analysis of the Advaitic Christ-experience of Vivekananda and Gandhi, as it uses 'comparative method' in the philosophy of religions and the related issues. The sixth chapter also gives observations for the betterment of Hindu-Christian relations in today's post-colonial, secular democratic context of India from the colonial past and its confrontational attitudes. The seventh chapter is the last chapter, which gives the summary and conclusion of the research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Appreciation for Dr. P. T. Subrahmanyan's book on 'Indian Dialogical Christologies: Recapitulating Advaita Vedanta \u0026amp; Indian Traditions of Swami Vivekananda and Mahatma Gandhi'. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In Swami Vivekananda's view, there is very little difference between the pure religion of Christ and that of the Vedanda. Jesus was an Advaitin because to the masses who could not conceive of anything higher than a Personal God, he said, 'pray to your Father in heaven'; to others, who could grasp a higher idea, he said, 'I am the vine, ye are the branches', but to his disciples whom he revealed himself more fully, he proclaimed the higher truth, 'I and my Father are One'. We have to realise the kingdom of God which is within us, i.e., we have to realise our spiritual nature that we are immortal spirit, we have to attain perfection through renunciation. Krsna, Buddha, Jesus and Ramakrishna are just few among the many incarnations. Among the incarnated personalities like Zoroaster, Moses, Buddha, Krsna, Jesus, Mohammed, Luther, Ramakrishna, some are called Gods and some prophets. The difference between human person and Christ is a difference in manifestation; but as Absolute Being there is no difference between the two. When intelligence is perfect, we get the Incarnation the Christ. Jesus was a person who had felt and realised God intensely. Christs are Teachers of teachers; they can transform us into saints. But mere worship of Buddha or Christ will not save a person; God alone can give us freedom. Jesus and others like him are free spirits and hence they took human form, not by the compulsion of their past actions, but just to do good to humankind. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e A Christian should retain the essentials of Christianity which according to Swami Vivekananda, are the teachings of Lord Jesus as exemplified in the Sermon on the Mount. Christ shows us the way to become perfect; he shows our true nature which is divine. Christianity considers human person as a sinner, a worm and that is why It could not understand the message of potential divinity implied in his saying, 'I and my father are one'. Human sacrifice was a Jewish idea and to fit the gentle and loving Jesus into Jewish beliefs, the idea of human sacrifice in the form of atonement or as a human scapegoat, by Christianity, was really unfortunate. The problem with Christianity is its idea that religion consists in doctrines. It has the peculiar doctrine of Fall and now there is no way of escape other than belief in Jesus Christ that he died to save us. For the Christians the problem is how to escape the wrath of God. Like the Indians they are unable to see that religion means realization which involves the regaining of the lost selfhood. In the view of Swami Vivekananda, the West has distorted the religion of renunciation and realization of Jesus into a 'shop- keeping religion' of luxury and intolerant superstitious doctrines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420n.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba420o.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602381599021,"sku":"UBA420","price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uba420.jpg?v=1677616799"},{"product_id":"indian-mythology-through-art-and-miniatures-ubc936","title":"Indian Mythology Through the Art and Miniatures","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBC936\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/navin%20khanna\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Navin Khanna\"\u003eNavin Khanna\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/aravali%20books%20international%20pvt%20ltd\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Aravali Books International Pvt. Ltd.\"\u003eAravali Books International Pvt. Ltd.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2013\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9788181500939\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e123 (Throughout Color Illustrations)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e12.00 X 9.00 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e800 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout The Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In India, from the time immemorial the traditional and legendary stories connected with deities, demigods and the explanation of basic truth has found expression through various fine arts, which includes literature paintings, sculpture Wood carving, dance and music etc. As per Buddhist texts, there were mighty two arts and crafts of which eighteen were referred as Heenasipaan or inferior arts. In the modern times the fine arts collectively are called the art and strangely architecture is excluded from this realm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Each art which depicts the Indian mythology has a separate tradition, which is independent of the historical events of the nation. The Puranic gods, demigods and deities too have their own chronology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This books attempts to illustrate the various traditions, the art schools and the chronology of historical events through literary work of great poets. paintings, sculptures, wood carvings, dance and music etc all of which together form the Indian mythology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Indian mythology has some common source with ancient Egypt ancient Assyria and ancient Persia, as such few chapters have been devoted to these civilisations The chapter of Lord Krishana's visit to Naglok (ancient Egypt) which was then ruled by queens who called themselves snake-maidens (Nagakanyas) and a very old and rare Assyrian rock sculpture, which seems to depict the Hindu Puranic story about Vamana Avatar and Asur king Bali, and also the description about ancient inscriptions in village Deol (Delhi) relating to Mahabharata hero, Angdesh king Karna, which were discovered by the author of the present book have added novelty to the book.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The solution to quizzing problem being faced by linguistics and historians etc regarding the existence of pockets of population speaking Dravid languages near Baluchistan in Pakistan and also the question, how the contemporary religious public could accept and tolerate the so called erotic sculptures on Khajuraho and Orissa temples, are the other striking features of the book.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e On going through the book the reader will definitely feel an Indian experience of mythology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Navin Khanna, M.A. and First Class Mining Engineer Writer and renowned Omithologist studying behaviour of common wild crow since 1971 film made on this by Channel nine Australia and lead coverage given to this by Limca Record Book under the chapter Nature (Bird) 2002 He is amateur Archaeologist discovered ancient inscriptions in Deoli, Delhi and also brought to light many rare books pertaining to Indian culture. Born 1945, Ferozepur (Punjab), wife Sunila, one son Saurabh and one daughter Shambhavi Education Delhi University and Bihar. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e His prominenet works are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e (1) 'Prachin Misr Mein Bhartiya Sanskriti.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e (The book on Indian culture in Ancient Egypt) .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e (ii) 'Adhura Mahapurush', Poetry (The book attempts to provide solutions to psychosomatic and to artifical intelligence) .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e (i) Rang Aur Aap'. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e (On all the aspects of choice of colours) .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e (iv) Jis Din Veh Ek-Hongey - Novel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e (The book dealing with Naxalite problem) .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e (v) Galatfehmi anecdotes of day-to-day life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e (vi) 'Phoolmani ki Dastan Tatha Anya Kahaniyan Story book.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e He worked with DSIDC on the post of First Class Mines Manager till 2004 In between this penod, he worked as Dy Registrar Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (DU) for 3 years Presently working as Honorary Executive Editor in a reputed publishing house.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eBook's Contents and Sample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubc936l.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602381631789,"sku":"UBC936","price":74.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubc936.jpg?v=1677616802"},{"product_id":"anthropology-of-small-populations-old-and-rare-book-ubf238","title":"Anthropology of Small Populations (An Old and Rare Book)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBF238\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/anthropological%20survey%20of%20india%20kolkata\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Anthropological Survey of India, Kolkata\"\u003eAnthropological Survey of India, Kolkata\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1998\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e8185579466\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e243\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e10.00 X 6.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e620 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e The present volume is the proceedings of the seminar \"Anthropology of Small Populations\" organized at the Anthropological Survey of India, Calcutta in March 1985. Small populations in general are determined by their numbers. Through time, small, dispersed groups, went through the process. of fusion and got amalgamated or were engulfed by larger dominant groups. Through the process of fission, groups broke away from larger groups to form small groups, also migration of section\/s of populations to other parts gave rise to small populations. The small populations are presumably minorities in relation to their neighbours and the relation with the latter is not free from constraint. At one level, there is a perpetual threat of ceding cultural and social boundaries, either to become more marginalized or to become engulfed by the dominant group. The tribal minorities that had withstood such threat and maintained relation with the larger populations, have in course of time. overcome their disadvatage of being small in numbers and have shown a steady growth in their population, e.g.. the Santals, the Gonds, the Bhils, the Mundas and the Oraons. Others such as the Saurias of Rajmahal Hills. Bihar, the Jarawas and the Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands, have tried to withdraw themselves with the consequences of declining numbers and marginalization. \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntrdoduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e The Anthropological Survey of India initiated a research project on Small Population and Genetical Demography in the later part of 1970s with a view to studying micro-evolutionary changes among the numerically small and biologically isolated populations. Some data were generated out of initial seven or eight such small population groups spread over West Bengal, Orissa. Bihar, Karnataka and Andaman Islands. After a lapse of about seven years it was decided to take a stock of comparing the similar information available on other small groups researched by the scientists of this survey on other occasions. A seminar was organised from March 12-14, 1985 at Calcutta office entitled. 'Anthropology of Small Populations'. The present volume contains in all 26 papers which include mostly the scheduled tribes, a few scheduled castes and some backward communities, representing almost all parts of Indian sub-continent. \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eBook's Contents and Sample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238l.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238m.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238n.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238o.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf238p.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602381664557,"sku":"UBF238","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubf238.jpg?v=1677616805"},{"product_id":"theo-drama-of-salvation-study-in-soteriologies-of-hans-urs-von-balthasar-and-raymund-schwager-uba416","title":"The Theo Drama of Salvation- A Study in the Soteriologies of Hans Urs von Balthasar and Raymund Schwager","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBA416\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/navin%20jacob%20thengapurackal\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Navin Jacob Thengapurackal\"\u003eNavin Jacob Thengapurackal\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/christian%20world%20imprints%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Christian World Imprints, Delhi\"\u003eChristian World Imprints, Delhi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2020\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789351484899\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e182\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.50 X 6.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e470 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout The Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e As there is no officially endorsed theory of atonement as such by any Creed or Council yet and as the Scriptures also does not provide any theory of atonement per se, lot of ambiguity has come up regarding the most fundamental aspect of Christian Faith-How exactly did Christ save us? \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This book searches the answer through an attempt towards a unified vision of salvation using the Dramatic Model of Theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar and Raymund Schwager- two of the eminent theologians of the modern era, with the aid of the Mimetic Theory of the French anthropologist and sociologist René Girard; to a truer understanding of the nature of salvation while covering some contentious topics such as goodness and wrath of God, nature of sin and hell, theological relevance of Holy Saturday etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Rev. Dr. Navin Jacob, belongs to the Archdiocese of Verapoly; did his Masters at the University of Innsbruck, Austria and Doctoral Studies at the Pontifical Institute, Alwaye, India.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416n.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416o.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uba416p.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602381697325,"sku":"UBA416","price":41.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uba416.jpg?v=1677616807"},{"product_id":"oxford-english-english-marathi-dictionary-nag174","title":"Oxford English-English-Marathi Dictionary","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAG174\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/dr%20ramesh%20v%20dhongde\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Dr. Ramesh V. Dhongde\"\u003eDr. Ramesh V. Dhongde\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/centre%20for%20studies%20in%20civilizations%20and%20oxford%20university%20press\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Centre For Studies in Civilizations and Oxford University Press\"\u003eCentre For Studies in Civilizations and Oxford University Press\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eMarathi text with English Translation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2013\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9780199474547\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1654\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.5 inch X 6.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e1.70 kg\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eFrom the Jacket \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e This comprehensive and authoritative dictionary is specially compiled for learners of English, teachers, translators and general readers. First of its kind published by Oxford, it draws upon the Press’s rich and varied tradition of publishing trusted dictionaries throughout the world.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Includes over 50,000 entries and related phrases and idioms\u003cbr\u003e • Covers a wide range of scientific and technical vocabulary\u003cbr\u003e • Lists words relevant to the Indian subcontinent\u003cbr\u003e • Gives accurate pronunciation in both English and Marathi\u003cbr\u003e • Provides detailed meanings in English and Marathi\u003cbr\u003e • Includes synonyms and antonyms\u003cbr\u003e • Gives detailed notes on English grammar, vocabulary and usage\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education in its worldwide publishing. The preparation of dictionaries, of all types and for all ages, has been a central part of its activities for more than 100 years.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eContents\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nag174a.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"RED\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nag174b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nag174c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nag174d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nag174e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602381992237,"sku":"NAG174","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nag174.jpg?v=1677616810"},{"product_id":"khezha-english-dictionary-mzo592","title":"Khezha-English Dictionary","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eMZO592\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/kedutso%20kapfo\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Kedutso Kapfo\"\u003eKedutso Kapfo\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/central%20institute%20of%20indian%20languages%20mysore\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Central Institute Of Indian Languages, Mysore\"\u003eCentral Institute Of Indian Languages, Mysore\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eKhezha and English\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2007\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e8173421722\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e496\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e10.00 X 7.00 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e1.07 kg\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The Central Institute of Indian Languages was set up on the 17™ July, 1969 with a view to assisting and coordinating the development of Indian Languages. The Institute was charged with the responsibility of serving as a nucleus to bring together all the research and literary out-put from the various linguistic streams to a common head and narrowing the gap between basic research and developmental research in the fields of languages and linguistics in India. In this connection, preparation of dictionaries of as many Indian languages as possible has been one of the major aims of this Institute. Dictionaries present us a rare window to look inside a language, and form an idea of the semantic map of the native speakers of the language concerned. I have also said elsewhere that Jean Cocteau is credited to have said, \"The greatest masterpiece in literature is only a dictionary out of order\". In the beginning, the western world knew only of glossaries that were products of notes scholars made on the margin of difficult texts- originally written in Latin. In the Indian set-up, the commentaries or the Tiikaas served that purpose. In the western world, the year 1604 was important as that was when we saw Robert Cawdrey’s A Table Alphabeticall, marking a beginning of a tradition to explain the \"hard\" words, as he deciared on the cover: \"A Table Alphabeticall, conteyning and teaching the true writing, and understanding of hard usuall English wordes, borrowed from the Hebrew, Greeke, Latine, or French. \u0026amp;c... With the interpretation thereof by plaine English words, gathered for the benefit \u0026amp; helpe of Ladies, Gentlewomen, or any other unskilfull persons\". He had already made his point, and this gave rise to more such works in an excitingly new field, the field of Lexicography. However, the more serious attempt began with the publication of A New English Dictionary by J.K. in the 18\" century. But dictionaries became commercial tools only with the publication of webster’s and Worcester’s. As we all know, this last century was full of dictionary was with one group leaning towards prescription, and another with a clear preference towards description. Many even raised doubts as to whether there could be any truly descriptive dictionary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Lexicography has similarly evolved in the Indian sub-continent, too, as documenting new ways of creating and managing words of one’s own languages. The present Khezha-English dictionary of about 10,000 plus head words, prepared by a team under the leadership of Dr. Kedutso Kapfo, is one such attempt which tries and connects two languages that have been a long-felt need of the particular speech community from Nagaland. From our end, at this institute, we expect that this tool will be used heavily by both communities (by especially those who wish to negotiate between Khezha and English) giving rise to many new works of translation and interpretation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The current team spent a long time in producing, checking, testing and finalizing this work, and it has been a product of a lot of hard work. The Institute world feel rewarded if the users derive maximum benefit out of this work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The suggestions, comments, criticisms from all those who may use this teaching material will be most welcome. Specific comments on the aspect of production, including typographical and other errors that may have crept in or stylistic changes could be sent to S.B. Biswas. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzo592b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzo592c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzo592d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/mzo592e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602382123309,"sku":"MZO592","price":36.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/mzo592.jpg?v=1677616813"},{"product_id":"english-english-hindi-dictionary-nzn303","title":"अंग्रेजी-अंग्रेजी-हिंदी शब्दकोश : English-English-Hindi Dictionary","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNZN303\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/oxford%20university%20press%20new%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Oxford University Press, New Delhi\"\u003eOxford University Press, New Delhi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHindi\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2016\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9780195678796\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e536 (Throughout B\/W Illustrations)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.50 X 5.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e500 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzn303b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzn303c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzn303d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzn303e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzn303f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nzn303g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602382156077,"sku":"NZN303","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nzn303.jpg?v=1677616816"},{"product_id":"pastoral-gujjar-study-in-uttarakhand-ubf236","title":"The Pastoral Gujjar - A Study in Uttarakhand","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBF236\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/j%20c%20das\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"J. C. Das\"\u003eJ. C. Das\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/anthropological%20survey%20of%20india%20kolkata\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Anthropological Survey of India, Kolkata\"\u003eAnthropological Survey of India, Kolkata\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2013\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789382984054\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e114\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.50 X 5.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e270 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Anthropologists are not only interested in the study of pastoralism and transhumance as a strategy of livelihood, but as a culture in itself. Further, unlike other systems of livelihood, pastoralism is under severe pressure from both within and outside towards rapid and irrevocable change. This necessitates concrete and reliable documentation at this stage by anthropologists. Perhaps the foremost reason for change is increasing fragmentation of the natural system on which pastoralists depend into spatial isolation. This is largely due to changes in land tenure, agriculture, sedentarization, and resultant changes in the institutions. Second is the climate change and climate variability which alter dry and semi-arid grasslands, putting an end to animal husbandry in particular and the culture of pastoralism in general.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In India, most of the studies on pastoral communities are on transhumants, found to be engaged in sheep and goat rearing in the Himalayan region. The present volume is slightly different from the earlier ones on the subject. This volume on the pastoral Gujjars of Uttarakhand is about how the Gujjars have shifted to buffalo herding leaving aside their traditional practices.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The volume is an outcome of an intensive research undertaken as a part of the regional project of Anthropological Survey of India on \"Ethnography in the Central and Western Himalayas : Structure and Change\", launched by the North West Regional Centre of the Survey at Dehradun.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Introduction: Pastoral communities in India\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Ethnographic studies of nomadic and pastoral people, whose traditional life style manifests unique relationship with their archaic mode of production, arouse enormous anthropological interest from both theoretical and substantive points of view. The characteristic life ways of these people remind some early stages in the history of human social and cultural progress. These societies, have long been serving anthropology as prototypes of 'traditional', since by virtue of their distant habitats and apparent resistance to change, they seemed to maintain social practices lost to groups occupying the geographical and political mainstreams of Third World Nations. Due to their periodic and regularized spatial movement and their specialized economies, they were attributed a high degree of social autonomy. These characteristics made them ideal subjects for social science of small scale, pre-industrial, non-western societies, the avenue of development of anthropology in its own traditional form (1981:4). As a type of ethno-economics, pastoralism is basically a subsistence system having implications on the social and cultural edifices of the community who live by it as a cultural system. Understanding of the operation of subsistence economics and the social and cultural dynamics of small scale societies has partly advanced through a few studies of pastoral communities (Evans Pritchard 1940, Barth 1961, Rivers 1906), for long, the anthropologists have also noted the apparent 'pastoral conservatism.....' or their imperviousness to forces called modernization (Gulliver 1969, Schneider 1959). The scenario, however, is becoming different.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf236b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf236c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf236d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf236e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf236f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf236g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf236h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf236i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf236j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf236k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602382516525,"sku":"UBF236","price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubf236.jpg?v=1677616819"},{"product_id":"studies-in-origin-and-development-of-yoga-from-vedic-times-in-india-and-abroad-with-texts-and-translation-of-patanjala-yogasutra-and-hathayoga-pradipika-transliteration-and-english-translation-old-and-rare-book-nah383","title":"Studies in Origin and Development of Yoga (From Vedic Times, in India and Abroad, with Texts and Translation of Patanjala Yogasutra and Hathayoga-Pradipika) (Transliteration and English Translation) - An Old and Rare Book","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAH383\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/sures%20chandra%20banerji\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Sures Chandra Banerji\"\u003eSures Chandra Banerji\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/punthi%20pustak\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"PUNTHI PUSTAK\"\u003ePUNTHI PUSTAK\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eTransliteration and English Translation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1995\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e8185094926\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e550 (4 B\/W Illustrations)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.5 inch x 5.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e630 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eAbout the Book\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The author has attempted to trass the origin and development not only of Rajayoga (de- signed to discipline the mind), but also of Hathayoga (aimed at keeping the body fit). He has also shown the relation of Yoga with Tantra and other systems of ancient Indian thought. The texts of the Patanjala Yoga and Hathayoga- pradipika, in Roman script, are followed by lucid English translation and illuminating notes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The book highlights the importance of Yoga for the treatment of psychosomatic diseases. The global popularity of Yoga has also being dealt with.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Illustrations of some Asanas, a glossary of technical terms and an upto-date bibliography are some of the special features of the book. Both the general reader and the professional psychiatrist will find the book extremely useful.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Dr. Sures Chandra Banerji (b. 1917), a Retired Professor of Sanskrit, winner of Rabindra Memorial Prize (1963-64), has dedicated him- self to the cause of Indology. A Fellow of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta, and a Life Member of Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune. he is connected with some other learned institution. He has authored more than fifty works on different aspects of indology, including A Companion to Sanskrit Literature, A Brief History of Tantra Literature, New Light on Tantra, Studies in Origin and Development of Yoga, New Perspectives in the Study of Puranas, A Companion to Indian Philosophy, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003ePreface\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e A threefold motive prompted the author to undertake this work.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e First, to have a first-hand idea of ancient Indian Yoga by the direct study of the Sanskrit texts. Second, to remove misconceptions about Asana, Pranayama, etc. from the minds of some of the trainers and trainees in yogic exercises and yogic therapy. It is reported (The Telegraph, a Calcutta daily, dated 10.9.90 ) that some Christians in Toccoa, Georgia, branded Yoga as 'devil worship'. On this ground, a Government-sponsored Yoga class in Toccoa is reported to have been cancelled. As Radhakrishnan says, there is a “popular confusion of the Yoga system with some of the repulsive practices of the Tantra cult and later adaptations of Patanjali's Yoga by fanatical mendicants.” (Indian Philosophy, II, p. 372).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Some people, led by a purely mercenary motive, run Yoga centres. They do not go deep into the original sources, and, therefore, are apt to misguide the neophytes. The Hathayoga-pradipika states (II. 17) that Pranayarna, wrongly practised, may cause painful diseases like asthma, hiccup, etc. According to the Vayupurana \/xi. 37-60), yogic practices by the ignorant result in dullness, deafness, blindness, loss of memory, premature senility and other diseases, The translator of the Adyar Library edition \\ 1972, reprinted 1973 of the Hathyoga-pradipika notes (in translation, p. 8) perhaps from his own experience, that a mistake in Hathyoga may end in insanity, even death.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Thirdly, this work aims at taking stock of the studies in, and practice of, Yoga in India and abroad at present.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Yoga has been very popular n t only in the land of its origin, but also in foreign countries, eastern and western, as will be evident from the section of this book, entitled 'Yoga and Foreign Countries'.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The tremendous popularity of Yoga has prompted the author of the present work to present the principal texts, in original of both Rajayoga and Hathayoga: As far as we know, there is no single work containing both these texts. As the Hathayoga-pradipika states (II. 76), perfection in Rajayoga is not possible without Hathayoga nor can the latter be perfected without the former. Thus, the two are complementary to each other.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e With the foreign readers in view, we have given the Romanised versions of the texts of both Patanjala-Sutra and Hathayoga pradipika. English translation, with notes, has been given. The texts are, at places, too difficult to understand without explanatory notes, We have added such notes mainly based on the Vyasa-bhasya, occasionally adverting to other commentaries. We have avoided hair-splitting niceties and prolixity which are apt to confuse the general reader. Besides the major works, mentioned above, there are some short tracts or manuals of Yoga. We have given an outline of the contents of these compendiums which appear to be short useful guide-books.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Besides the Yoga practioners, there are scholars of Yoga. Keeping their needs in View, we have dealt with the origin and development of Yoga since the earliest times. We have also dwelt on the relation between Yoga and other systems of thoughts in India, A comparative idea of Yoga and western psychology has been given.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In several appendices, we have separately dealt with, in some detail, the Asanas, Prayanama, Mudras and meditation for ready reference, keeping in view the needs of the practitioners of Yoga.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e We have given, a word-index to the Yogasutra: In a Glossary, which is fairly exhaustive, we have noted the meanings of difficult words and technical terms. The Bibliography contains information about both text-editions and studies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The labour of the author, spread over a long time, will be rewarded if the work goes some way in presenting Rajayoga and Hathayoga in their proper perspectives, and in dispelling wrong notions about them.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e It is hope I that a careful study of the work will show the reader the way of preparing the mind for getting peace and tranquillity of mind on a permanent basis, and will convince him of the utter futility of Cinema, the media like TV etc., and the most perncious alcoholism and drug-addiction in generating genuine and lasting inner calm which is a healing balm to the mind lacerated by the travails and turmoil of modern life; these provide only a temporary escape, and that also at a heavy cost in the form of strain to eye- sight, and damage to the internal organs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The author is extremely grateful to his wife, Sm. Ramala Devi and his two daughters, Chhanda and Sarmila, for helping him in various ways to make his long-cherished dream a reality. By under- taking to publish this work, Sri Sankar Bhattacharya, owner of Punthi Pustak, has again demonstrated his genuine love for indology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eIntroduction \u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eYOGA-NATURE AND CLASSIFICATION \u003c\/b\u003e The term 'Yoga', which is multivalent and derived from root Yuj, generally means union. In Sanskrit literature, it has been used in a variety of senses. For example, the Bhagavadgita uses it (ii. 48) to mean sole desire for Supreme Divinity (paramesvaraikaparata- Sridharasvamin). In ii 50 of the same treatise, Yoga denotes skill in work (Karmasu kausalam). In IV. 1, 2, 3 Yoga means Karmayoga (desireless action) and Jnanayoga (acquisition of true knowledge). In VI. 16, 17, the term means Samadhi in which the mind is united with Atman. In VI. 23, Yoga means a state of mind which, having realised the Supreme Being, is not disturbed even by great suffering. In ii. 48 and vi. 33, 36, Yoga means samatva or equanimity i.e. indifference to pleasure and pain.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In ix. 22, as also in some other works, Yoga means the acquisition of what has been gained (alabdhasya labhah). In ix, 5, x. 7, xi. 8, the Yoga of the Lord is characterised as His miraculous power (vibhuti).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In arithmetic, Yoga means addition. In astronomy, it means conjunction, lucky conjunction and conjunction foreboding danger, etc., a combination of stars, name of a particular astronomical division of time (27 such Yogas, are usually enumerated; e.g. Amrtasiddhi, Vyatipata, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In the Upanisads, Yoga generally means union; union of the jivatman with Paramatman- But, the idea of union is expressed in the Mundaka Upanisad by the word Samya and not Yoga.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In the Ys., Yoga does not mean union, but only effort. as Bhoja holds, this term means viyoga or separation of the from Prakrti.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Patanjali, in his Ys. (i.2) defines Yoga as sittavrttinirodha (suppression of mental functions). Radhakrishnan rightly says (Indian' Philosophy, p. II, 337) that by Yoga Patanjali means effort, not union.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The Devala-smrti says- Visayebhyo nivartyabhipreterthe manasovasthapanan Yogah. Yoga means fixing the mind on the desired object (withdrawing it from the objects of sense. According to the Daksa-smrti (vii. 15), mukhya yoga (principal Yoga) is as follows:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e vrttihinam manah krtva ksetrajnah paramatmani\u003cbr\u003e ekikrtya vimucyate yogayam mukhya ucyate\u003cbr\u003e One who is aware of the soul, having turned the mind, which is rendered devoid of functions, solely to the Supreme Soul, is liberated; this is called principal Yoga.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The Visnupurana(vi. 7.31) defines Yoga- atma-prayatna-supeksa visista ya manogatih\u003cbr\u003e tasya brahmani samyoga yoga ityabhidhiyate\u003cbr\u003e The connection of that special course of the mind, which depends upon one's own effort, with Brahman is called Yoga. All the above definitions of Yoga have been quoted by Apararka on the Yajnavalkyasmrti (iii. 109) and in Laksmidhara's Krtya- kalpataru (Moksa), p. 165. Apararka defines Yoga as\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e jiva-paramatmanor- abhedajnanam visayantara-sambhinnam yogah.\u003cbr\u003e Yoga means the cognition of the identity of the individual soul with the Supreme Soul, which (cognition) is not distracted by any other matter.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Thomas says (Hist. of Bud. Thought, p. 43, note 2) that the primary denotation of Yoga is discipline, and the secondary meaning is 'union' as the result of Yoga. Edgerton also holds the same view (AJP, XLV, pp. 1ff.). Carpentier has tried to show that, in the Mahabharata and even in later treatises, Yoga does not mean 'Union' (ZDMG, LXV, pp. 846f.).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Yoga is broadly divided as Rajayoga2 (yoga par excellence) and Hathayoga. The former is concerned mainly with the mind, and deals with various processes for controlling and calming it. The latter is a particular mode of Yoga, so called as it is very difficult to practise. It is concerned mainly with the body, and deals with various means of keeping it fit. The term haiha is a combination of Ha (Prana) and Tha (Apana). Their Yoga or union, called Hatha- yoga, is effected by Pranayama(q.v.)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Besides the above, several other prominent kinds of Yoga are mentioned by later writers, e.g.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Mantra-yoga, Laya-yoga, Tantra-yog(L, etc. 4 Besides these, Samadhi (q.v.i, Unmani (q.v.), Manonmani (q.v.), Amaratva (immortality), Taitva (truth), Sunyasunya (void, yet non-void), Paramopada (the highest or supreme state), Amanaska (mindlessness, i.e. transcending mind), Admaita (non-duality), Ni'ralamba (without support), Niranjana (devoid of impurity), Jivanmukti (liberation in life), Sahaja (q.v.) and Turya (q.v.) are all synonymous with Rajayoga (vide Ha~hayoga-p1'adi.pika, IV. 3, 4).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e All the various types of Yoga are rooted in the common source of Patanjala Yoga, but each lays stress on a particular aspect of discipline.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Besides Rajayoga and Hathayoqa, SrT Aurobindo mentions Jnanayoga, Karmayoga and Bhaktiyoga.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The four stages of Yoga, in later literature, are called ,Arambha, -Ghata, Paricaua and Nispatti.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In another way, Yoga is classified as Samprajnata and Asamprajnata. The former is fourfold according to the different objects of contemplation; viz, Saoitorka; Savicara, Sananda and Sasmita.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Yoga has been defined as Cittavrtti-nirodha. Cittabhumi or mental life is constituted by the qualities of Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. Its different conditions depend on the different degrees in which the above qualities are present and operative in it. These conditions are called Ksipta (restless), Muqha (torpid), Viksipta (distracted), Ekagra: (concentrated) and Niruddha (restrained), The first three are not at all suitable for yoga. The last two are conducive to yoga. In the Ekagra condition, citta is free from impurity of Rajas, and Sattva is perfectly manifested. It marks the beginning of protracted concentration of citta on any object so that its true nature is revealed. It paves the way for the cessation of all mental modifications. In this condition. citta continues to think or meditate on some obejct. So, even in it the mental processes are- not totally arrested. It is in Niruddha level that there is complete' cessation of all mental functions including Ekag1'ata. In this condition, the succession of mental states and processes are fully checked and citta is left in its pristine, unmodified state of calmness and tranquillity. The Ekagra state, when permanently established, is called Samprajnata yoga, also known as Samprajnata Samadhi or Samapatti. The state of Niruddha is called Asamprajnata Yoga or Asamprajnata Samadhi. Both the above kinds of Samadhi are- known by the common name of Samaclhi-Yoga.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eContents\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd width=\"5%\"\u003e I\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"85%\"\u003e Introduction\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e 1-122\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e II\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Works on Yoga-Major Works\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 123-324\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e III\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Goraksanatha and his Order\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 325-333\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Appendices\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 335-385\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Word index of Patanjala Yogasutra\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 387\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Reference\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 397\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Glossarial Index\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 423\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Selected classified Bibliography\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 476\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Miscellaneous works\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 501\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Addendum\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 515\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Index\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 517\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/tbody\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont color=\"RED\" size=\"5\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383a.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383b.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383c.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383d.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383e.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383f.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383g.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383h.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383i.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383j.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383k.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383l.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383m.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383n.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383o.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2016\/nah383p.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602382614829,"sku":"NAH383","price":46.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nah383.jpg?v=1677616821"},{"product_id":"paripatal-text-transliteration-and-translations-in-english-verse-and-prose-ube563","title":"Paripatal - Text, Transliteration And Translations In English Verse And Prose","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBE563\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/nirmal%20selvamony%20and%20k%20g%20seshadri\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Nirmal Selvamony And K.G. Seshadri\"\u003eNirmal Selvamony And K.G. Seshadri\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/central%20institute%20of%20classical%20tamil%20chennai\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Central Institute of Classical Tamil, Chennai\"\u003eCentral Institute of Classical Tamil, Chennai\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eTamil Text with English Translation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2022\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789381744857\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e492\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHARDCOVER\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.30 X 6.30 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e810 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ccenter\u003ePreface\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e What is known as Ettuttokai (eight anthologies) consists of Narrinai, Kuruntokai. Ainkurunuru, Patirruppattu, Paripatal, Kalittokai, Akananuru and Purananūru, all of which include poems by diverse hands grouped on the basis of metre, content or length of the verse. Love is the exclusive theme of akam anthologies whereas puram refers to subjects such as war, fame, philanthropy and death. In this broad classification unique to ancient Tamil literature, akam may be taken to mean phenomenon and puram noumenon. Paripätal contains. twenty two poems by different poets, the length of each varying from 32 to 140 lines. The poems on Murugan and Tirumal are, according to A.K. Ramanujan, \"the earliest bhakti poems in India, the earliest religious poems in a mother- tongue\". \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Paripatal's journey from manuscript to print\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Two songs from Paripatal were first published by apirakām pantitar in his musicological text, Karunamirta cakaram (1917). According to the present canonical edition, these are the fourth and the fourteenth. Pantitar found these songs in an ancient manuscript on medicine in the possession of one Ulakanatapillai, who was the Chief Tamil teacher at Kaliyanasuntaram high school at Tañcavür. When Pantitar published his text, Pillai decorated it with his prefatory verse (1.1.64-66). Ulakanatapillai's father was the court physician letcumana pillai at tañcavur (pantitar 639-641). But Pantitar seems to have seen songs of paripatal for, he says that he acquired the eleventh song beginning \"virikatir..\" and also its commentary by Parimelalakar (707) though he cites only a fragment of it (lines 1-15 on pages 695-697 with Parimelalakar's commentary; 124-130 with Parimelalakar's commentary on pages 707-708). Elsewhere he cites lines 40-45 (with Parimelalakar's commentary for these lines alone) from song number 19 beginning, \"nilavarai\" (865). In all, Pantitar cites two songs entirely and two others partially. The two songs he cited in full are evidence to argue that ancient verbal compositions were musical in nature and meant for performance. The lines from the eleventh song were used to show the astronomical knowledge of the ancient Tamils, before discussing the connection between astronomy and music. Lines from the nineteenth song came handy to discuss the idea of interval in early Tamil music. This may not mean that the MS he had seen did not have the other songs too. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Ulakanatapillai MS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Though Pantitar aware of the fact that Paripatal was a collection of seventy songs (639), he does not say whether these were the only three songs he found in the MS under discussion. From the tone of his discussion, we may surmise that had he found more, he would have either cited them or at least mentioned the fact that they were available. But we could also guess that there were only three in the MS he chanced upon because they were part of a medical MS. Moreover, Pantitar's concern in this part of his text is pan (rakam) and the musicological elements in Paripatal. He wants to show that even in ancient times songs were compositions in Pan, which was part of a hoary Tamil musicological tradition. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563l.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563m.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563n.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563o.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563p.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563q.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563r.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563s.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ube563t.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602382680365,"sku":"UBE563","price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ube563.jpg?v=1677616824"},{"product_id":"astanga-hrdaya-sutra-sthana-original-text-with-authentic-english-translation-naj792","title":"Astanga Hrdaya: Sutra-Sthana (Original Text with Authentic English Translation)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAJ792\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/dr%20deepak%20yadav%20premchand\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Dr. Deepak Yadav 'Premchand'\"\u003eDr. Deepak Yadav 'Premchand'\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/chaukhamba%20surbharati%20prakashan\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan\"\u003eChaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2022\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9879383721177\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e978\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.5 inch x 6.5 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e1.20 kg\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbout The Author\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e Deepak Yadav ‘Premchand’ M.D. (born on 24th October, 1980 in Mumbai, Maharashtra) completed BAMS from Smt. KGMP Ayurvedic College, Mumbai in 2003 and MD (Basic Principles of Ayurveda) from Ayurveda College, Sion, Mumbai in 2007 under the guidance of Dr. Ganesh S. Puradkar. After Post-graduation, in 2008 he joined Veenavadini Ayurvedic College, Bhopal as a lecturer. Later in 2010, he joined Sushrutha Ayurvedic Medical College, Bangalore as a lecturer. In the year 2013, he joined Mandsaur Institute of Ayurvedic Education and Research, Mandsaur, MP as a Reader in the Dept. of Basic Principles of Ayurveda and continues till date. He has penned down more than 10 books on Ayurveda which are very popular with Ayurveda Fraternity. He is actively involved in clinical practice, literary work and popularization of Ayurveda.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eForeowrd\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e Vegbhata, the author of Astanga Hrdayam, enjoys significant popularity among the Ayurvedic fraternity. It appears that it is he who conceptualized the idea of compliation. Understanding the vastness of material available in the classic of Caraka, Susruta, Saunaka etc, he took up the responsibility of penning down a classic that will comprise of all the material available in the classics. Thus was born ‘Astanga Hrdaya Samhita’ of Vagbhatacarya.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Salient Features of Astanga Hrdayam:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Vagbhata quotes the reason for compiling the text in following worlds – ‘From those treatise which are very elaborate hence difficult to study, only the essence has been collected and this treatise – Astanga Hrdayam – prepared which is neither too succinct nor too elaborate’ The main subject of Vegbhata’s Astanga Hrdayam is Kayacikitsa (internal medicine).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Some Peculiarities of Astanga Hrdayam:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Vegbhata divides marmas (vital parts) in six catagories, as against to five by Susruta; they are mamsa marma (10), asthi marma (8), snayu marma (23), dhamani marma (9), sira marma (37) and sandhi marma (20). Vegbhata has described thirty-three drug groups in the 15th chapter of Sutrasthana.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Unique definition of vipaka is given by Vagbhata (AH.Su. 9\/20).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Agrya drugs are mentioned in the 40th chapter of Uttarasthana; some important entries in this list are –usage of Haridra \u0026amp; Amalaki in Prameha; Pippali in Pliha roga; Guduci in Vatarakta; Haritaki in Vatakaphaja rogas; silajjatu in Basti-roga; Laja in Chardi; Musta \u0026amp; Parpata in Jwara etc.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Among the types of nasya, virecana nasya and brmhana nasya are advised for skin ailments (kustha) and hemicranias (type of headache) respectively.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Among surgical instruments, salya-nirghatani nadi, asmari-harana yantra and mucundi-samdamsa find mention for the first time.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Number of diseases, above the clavicular region, is 231. Among these, 94 ophthalmic diseases, 25 ear diseases, 18 nasal diseases, 75 oral diseases and 19 diseases are related to head and scalp.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Period of Vagbhata:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e There are various opinions and controversies regarding the period of Vagbhata (author of Astanga Hrdayam). These are discussed by various authors and scholars. I donot want to go ito those controversies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Recently, Dr. Bhagwan Dash in his book ‘Vagbhata and Candranandana in Indo-Tibetan Medicine’ (published by Hindu Pocket Books, Delhi, 2013) has mentioned the opinion of Tibetan tradition (p. 18) – “In brief the biographical events narrated by Sde-srid sans-rgyas Rgya-mtsho are as follow: Vagbhata was a scholar of the Vedas, Upanisads, Vedangas and Ayurveda. By propitiating Lingesvara Siva he got four boons to become victorious every-where and not to get defeated by any scholar who is jarayuja (born from mother’s womb). He was ultimately defeated by tantric means in Nalanda by Nagarjuna’s disciple Arya-deva who was lotus borne. So it was a sectorial skirmish between the Saiva sadhana sakti, and not a religious fight between the so called Hinduism and Buddhism. In spite of his defeat, Vagbhata was prevented from committing suicide by getting drowned in the river Ganga as per the terms and conditions of the debate. On the other hand he was provided all the facilities in the Nalanda monastery to pursue his intellectual academic activities. Through he has accepted the Buddhist discipline, he was not pressurized to abandon his Vedic tradition”.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e “Vagbhata also known as Asvaghosa, Matr-ceta and Aryasura, after following the Buddhist discipline became a disciple of Aryadeva who latter was a disciple of Nagarjuna (klu-sgrub). This Nagarjuna was the religious guide to king Kaniska who lived in 2nd – 1st BC” (pg. 19).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Candranandana and Vagbhata: ‘Indu and Jejjata are known to be the students of Vagbhata. But Sde-srid Sans-rgya Rgya-mtsho does not mention their names. He has specifically mentioned Candra-nandana (also known in Tibetan as Candrabhi-nandana) as the author of Padartha Candrika commentary as the student of Vagbhata.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The Sanskrit text of Vaidurya-bhasya a commentary on Vagbhata’s Astanga Hrdayam, though available in Tibetan translation and included in Tanjur scriptures, is not available in original Sanskrit.’ (P. 20).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Critiques of Vagbhata:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e There might have been the critiques of Astanga Hrdayam from the time of the author and hence at the end of Uttarasthana he himself has mentioned and, The famous work ‘Vagbhata Khandana Mandana’ by Bhatta Narahari is an excellent example of such a debate.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In the last century in ‘Rasayana Sara’ the author Syamasundaracarya Vaisya has posed certain critical objections in case anjana (collyrium) and usage of lauha in the following worlds.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/naj792a.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/naj792aa.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/naj792ab.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/naj792ac.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eContents \u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e 1\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80%\"\u003e Ayushkamiya (Desire for longevity)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e 1-28\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Dinacharya (Daily Regimen)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 31-51\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Rtucharya (Regimen for Seasons)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 52-77\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 4\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Roganutpadaniya (Preventive aspects of Diseases)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 79-100\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Drava-Dravya Vijananiya (Science of Liquid Substances)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 101-148\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Annasvarupa vijnaniya (Science of Nature of Food Articles)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 150-247\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 7\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Anna raksha adhyaya (Protection of Food Articles)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 249-281\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 8\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Matrashitiya (Partaking appropriate quantity of food)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 283-305\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 9\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Dravyadi vijnaniya (Knowledge of Substances etc.)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 307-320\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 10\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Rasabhediya (Classification of Tastes)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 321-352\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 11\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Doshadi vijnaniya (Science of Doshas etc.)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 353-378\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 12\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Doshabhediya (Classification of Doshas)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 379-428\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd height=\"22\"\u003e 14\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Dwi-vidhopakramaniya (Two - Fold Treatment Module)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 432-450\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 15\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Shodhanadi gana Samgraha (Groups of Shodhana etc. Drugs)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 452-488\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 16\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Snehavidhi (Methodology of Unction Therapy)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 493-515\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 17\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Swedavidhi (Methodology of Sudation Therapy)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 517-530\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 18\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Vamana - Virechana vidhi (Methodology of Emesis and Purgation Therapies)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 532-558\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 19\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Basti vidhi (Methodology of Enema Therapy)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 559-595\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd height=\"23\"\u003e 20\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Nasya vidhi (Methodology of Errhine Therapy)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 596-615\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 21\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Dhumpana vidhi (Methodology of Medicated Smoking Therapy)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 616-626\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 22\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Gandushadi vidhi (Methodology of Oral Retention of Drugs etc. Therapy)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 628-645\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 23\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Ashchotana - anjana vidhi (Methodology of Ophthalmic Procedures)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 647-656\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 24\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Tarpana - putapaka vidhi (Methodology of Eye Soothing etc. Therapies)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 658-667\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 25\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Yantra vidhi (Methodology of Blunt Instruments)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 669-690\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 26\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Shastra vidhi (Methodology of Sharp Instruments)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 692-717\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 27\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Siravyadha vidhi (Methodology of Vene - Puncturing)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 718-740\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 28\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Shalya - aharana vidhi (Removal of Foregn Body)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 742-764\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 29\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Shastrakarma vidhi (Methodology of Surgical Procedures)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 765-796\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 30\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Ksharagnikarma Vidhi Adhyaya (Chapter on Methodology of Caustic Alkali and Cauterization)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 797-865\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Maulika Siddhanta of Ayurveda\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 869-913\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/tbody\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792n.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792o.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792p.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792q.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792r.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792s.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792t.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792u.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792v.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792w.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792x.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792y.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792z.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792za.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zb.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zc.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zd.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792ze.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zf.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zg.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zh.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zi.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zj.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zk.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zl.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zm.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zn.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zo.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zp.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zq.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zr.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zs.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zt.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zu.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zv.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zw.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zx.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zy.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zz.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/naj792zza.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602382745901,"sku":"NAJ792","price":56.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/naj792.jpg?v=1677616827"},{"product_id":"language-of-jarawa-phonology-ubf234","title":"The Language of the Jarawa (Phonology)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBF234\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/r%20senkuttuvan\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"R. Senkuttuvan\"\u003eR. Senkuttuvan\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/anthropological%20survey%20of%20india%20kolkata\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Anthropological Survey of India, Kolkata\"\u003eAnthropological Survey of India, Kolkata\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2009\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e8185579555\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e62\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.00 X 5.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e110 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Since its inception the Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre of the Anthropological Survey of India has been undertaking anthropological researches in cultural and biological aspects among the people of this region. The linguists of the Anthropological Survey of India have been doing work on the languages of tribes\/ communities of India and there has been a study of the language of the Onges, a tribe of the Andaman and Nicobar. There is also a linguistic study on the Andamanese. The present study is in the same genre. The most remarkable achievement has been in terms of the primary contact with the isolated populations like the Jarawas, the Shompens, the Sentinelese. Taking advantage of the short stay among the Jarawas Dr. R. Senkuttuvan, Assistant Linguist of the Survey, could collect about 500 lexical items from them for linguistic analysis. The Jarawas being a monolingual community, there was definitely some difficulty on the part of the researcher to collect data for a comparative purpose and also for a basic structural analysis. Perhaps some doubts can be raised as to the justifiability of these lexical items as words and even the slash and stroke (phonemic and phonetic) that have been used could be subjected to meticulous academic scrutiny. Considering the limitation of data and the technicalities involved one cannot expect too much sophistry out of it but since a researcher has been able to collect a sizeable quantity of firsthand information, it is worth reporting the same to the larger academic community. The study has generated excitement and enthusiasm among colleagues to continue with renewed vigour their studies on the Jarawas. And from this perspective the exercise, I believe, has been rather fruitful. But I am sure Dr. Senkuttuvan, during his further stay and study among the Jarawas would be able to come out with more concrete and verifiable information on various aspects of the Jarawa language in near future.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The Jarawas are one of the monolingual communities living in an isolated area of the Andaman Islands having a population estimated about 350.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Collecting data on monolingual community is very much difficult. However, from one or two individuals who have recently picked up a few Hindi words the present author could ellicit roughly about 485 lexical items. To define these lexical items as words is also difficult because actual encoding of features in a word is yet to be ascertained.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e With this scanty and limited data principle of phonetic analysis has been applied. Therefore, the results are very much tentative in nature and are subject to confirmation on the basis of subject to further probe. The possible corrections of the analysed data (not the raw data) have been made with the help of the recorded cassette.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The Jarawas, one of the monolingual tribes among the group of Islands, inhabit of the west coast of the south and middle Andamans in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They do not barely relation with non Jarawa.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Regarding this language, various opinions are existing among the linguists. Grierson mentioned the language of the Negritos of the Andamans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf234b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf234c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf234d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf234e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf234f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf234g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf234h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf234i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf234j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf234k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602382975277,"sku":"UBF234","price":24.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubf234.jpg?v=1677616829"},{"product_id":"amarasara-abridgement-of-amarasara-revised-1934-sanskrit-and-english-pocket-dictionary-nax835","title":"Amarasara - An Abridgement of Amarasara, Revised- 1934 (Sanskrit and English Pocket Dictionary)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAX835\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/mahadev%20shriram%20gole\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Mahadev Shriram Gole\"\u003eMahadev Shriram Gole\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/pilgrims%20publishing%20varanasi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"PILGRIMS PUBLISHING,VARANASI\"\u003ePILGRIMS PUBLISHING,VARANASI\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit and English\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1934\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9789350760956\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e182\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e5.50 X 4.00 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e180 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nax835b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nax835c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nax835d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nax835e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nax835f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nax835g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nax835h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/nax835i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602383106349,"sku":"NAX835","price":21.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nax835.jpg?v=1677616832"},{"product_id":"student-s-english-sanskrit-dictionary-nak597","title":"The Student's English – Sanskrit Dictionary","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAK597\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/vaman%20shivaram%20apte\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Vaman Shivaram Apte\"\u003eVaman Shivaram Apte\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/nag%20publisher\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Nag Publisher\"\u003eNag Publisher\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish Text With Sanskrit Translation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2017\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e522\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.0 inch x 6.0 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e580 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e When I prepared \"The Student's Hand Book of Progressive Exercises, \"Part II. I thought of adding to it a glossary of difficult words and expressions in the Exercises. When this was done, an idea occurred that the Glossayr should be made to include all words of ordinary occurrence, such as are given in small school Dictionaries. When the revision of the sheets thus written out commenced, and when they were put to a practical test, it was found that several words and expressions had still been left out. I then, resolved to prepare an English- Sanskrit Dictionary as complete as possible, and the following pages are the result. The dictionary has thus passed through different stages, and has assumed this form far exceeding the limits which I had first assigned to it.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Much need not it I think be said with regard to the necessity of a work like this. In these days of literary activity when the attention of students is drawn more and more to the study of Sanskrit, it is necessary that all appliances should be ready before them to facilitate this study. There are one or two small Sanskrit English Dictionaries, though not quite adequate to meet the wants of advanced students of Sanskrit, but there is no English Sanskrit Dictionary such as within their easy reach. The Dictionaries of this description that I know of are two in number one by Professor Monier Williams, and another by Mr. Anundoram Boroad of Calcutta. Both these Dictionaries, though valuable in themselves, are not accessible to the student, the prices being prohibitively high. But there are other considerations which make these works not quite adapted to his wants. Professor Monier williams' Dictionary, having been compiled nearly 35 years ago, chiefly by inverting the then existing Sanskrit English Dictionaries, is naturally open to the fault of being often not practical. As he says in the Preface to his Dictionary, he proceeded to translate webster's Dictionary systematically into Sanskrit, omitting words, phrases \u0026amp; c. of which no classical equivalent could be found or suggested. The result has been that many of his synonyms appear more as coined words than classical expressions used by standard Sanskrit authors. With regard to words collected in Lexicons, such as Amarakosha, Medini, Sabdakalpadruma, there is no difficulty; but in the case of those words and expressions which can only be suggested by a careful study of the usage of the best authors, the work, in my humble opinion falls short of one expectations. Mr Anundoram Borooalh's work is eminently practical: it abounds with quotations from several standard authors: the renderings are generally happy, and the work had at least, a classical appearance. The fondness for giving quotations has induced the writer to give several quotations for illustrating such words as \u0026amp; c. of the meanings of which there is no doubt not is any confirmation needed. But one great defect of his otherwise very useful work is that it gives to few equivalents. He has pursued the course of referring one word to another, but this is in some cases, carried to such an extent, that when a word, as directed, is referred to another, that again is referred to some other word of a synonymous nature, which in turn is referred to another till the reader returns to the original word, apparently without having his labours rewarded. A study of Mr. Borooah's work is a good treat for an advanced Sanskrit scholar, but will not, I believe, satisfy the student. From considerations like these I thought I should be doing some service to the Sanskrit reading public, if I compiled an English Sanskrit Dictionary adapted to the wants of the student. The foregoing remarks are made not with the view of detracting from remarks are made not with the view of detracting from the high and acknowledged merits of the two works but solely to indicate the line I have followed, and the Object I have had in compiling this work.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Some words are now necessary as to the plan and scope of the Dictionary. When I resolved to make this Dictionary as complete as possible, consistently with its aim of being useful for the student, I took the latest edition of Webster's Complete Dictionary, and taking that as my basis, proceeded with the work of compilation. As I advanced, I found that several words, could not be adeqarely represented in Sanskrit so as to appear like Sanskrit, either because the words \u0026amp; c. were purely technical and referred to specific ideas in subjects, such as Chemistry, Botany, Medicine, Psychology, Law, engineering \u0026amp; c. or were such as had no corresponding ideas in Sanskrit and were peculiar to the English language. words of this nature are numerous in Webster's Dictionary, and I have omitted them, including also obsolete and rare words or senses of words. Several words of obvious signification, such as those formed by the Prefixes, 'in, 'mis, 'pre' 'un' are also omitted, as they may be easily formed from their second member. But the general terms of all sciences have second member. But the general terms of all sciences have been included, and of technical terms such as could be duly represented by Sanskrit equivalents actually existing in the language or by short, wieldy new combinations of words have been inserted. Of this description are words like Telegram, Democrat, Society, Literature, Address (of a letter) and several other words which have a peculiar sense in English and have to be translated by inventing equivalents. English, like many other languages, has so many expressions and idioms peculiar to itself so many shades and nice distinctions of meaning, and so many new formations of words progressing with the progress of the language, that it would be impossible to embrace them all in an English Sanskrit Dictionary, even if it were the most comprehensive work, much more so in a work designed principally for students. Take the words Line. Pass, Strong. Webster gives 21 senses under Line,'13 under Pass and 20 under strong. Some of these are technical, and some are not different senses as such but shades of meaning or particularities of use; most of which may be translated by the words given for the general sense, (see the words). I have not though it desirable, like Professor Monier Willams to insert words the English explanation of which has to be systematically translated, in order to give some idea of their meaning. Indian rubber is translated by, shuttle cock by and many others of this nature, which can be translated by special a kind of tree, flower, fruit \u0026amp; c. such words may be retained by the student in their English form, or their meaning may be translated if he desire to have them in a Sanskrit garb.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e To turn now to the Plan and arrangement of the work, the most striking feature of the work. The most striking feature of the arrangement is that a word in its different parts of speech, Compound words derived from it, derivatives formed from it either regularly, by means of terminations or irregularly have been given together, the derivatives being arranged in order under the root or primitive word, by means of small black dashes. The dashes are intended to at once strike the eye and to direct it to the word after it: and when the \"directions to the student\" are remembered, there will, I believe be no difficulty in referring words to the Dictionary. The Principle of the arrangement is to give words according to the principle of the arrangement is to give words according to the root system; words regularly derived will, of course, be referred in their proper places; but words formed from the radical irregularly should also be referred under that radical. Abstemious should be referred under abstain, perception under, Perceive, Death, Dead, under Die, Strength \u0026amp;c., under strong, would under will, and so on where it is not likely for the student to know where such words are given, reference is made to those places see material, Sight. One of the greatest advantages of the system has been practically (whatever it may be theoretically) to effect a very large saving of space. To give the reader an idea of the vast saving effected by this system, it may be stated that, if the words in their different parts of speech and their compounds and derivatives were separately given as in Monier willams' Dictionary, they would cover nearly 800 pages of this size or 1000 of the size, style of printing \u0026amp; c. of Monier Williams' dictionary, Besides by giving the words Dead' Death Under Die, a considerable for Die, and only a few are given for Dead: the rest can be formed in the same way from the roots immediately above; if it were given in its usual place, all words would have to be given or a reference made to Die. My chief aim has been to give a good deal of matter in a small space , and this object is, I believe, considerably secured, as shown by the figures given above; and I have Thus been enabled to give this book to the public at a cheap price.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"RED\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597n.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597o.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597p.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597q.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597r.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597s.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597t.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nak597u.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602383434029,"sku":"NAK597","price":37.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nak597.jpg?v=1677616835"},{"product_id":"vyavaharamayukhah-of-nilakantha-translated-into-english-with-explanatory-notes-and-references-to-decided-cases-nah211","title":"Vyavaharamayukhah of Nilakantha (Translated into English with Explanatory Notes and References to Decided Cases)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAH211\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/nilakantha\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Nilakantha\"\u003eNilakantha\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/rashtriya%20sanskrit%20sansthan%20janakpuri\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Janakpuri\"\u003eRashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Janakpuri\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eSanskrit Text with English Translation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2009\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e516\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.5 inch X 6 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e810 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003cmeta content=\"Word.Document\" name=\"ProgId\"\u003e \u003cmeta content=\"Microsoft Word 12\" name=\"Generator\"\u003e \u003cmeta content=\"Microsoft Word 12\" name=\"Originator\"\u003e \u003clink href=\"Vyavaharamayukhah%20of%20Nilakantha_files\/filelist.xml\" rel=\"File-List\"\u003e \u003clink href=\"Vyavaharamayukhah%20of%20Nilakantha_files\/themedata.thmx\" rel=\"themeData\"\u003e \u003clink href=\"Vyavaharamayukhah%20of%20Nilakantha_files\/colorschememapping.xml\" rel=\"colorSchemeMapping\"\u003e \u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e \u003cworddocument\u003e \u003czoom\u003e120\u003c\/zoom\u003e \u003cgrammarstate\u003eClean\u003c\/grammarstate\u003e \u003ctrackmoves\u003efalse\u003c\/trackmoves\u003e \u003ctrackformatting\u003e\u003c\/trackformatting\u003e \u003cvalidateagainstschemas\u003e\u003c\/validateagainstschemas\u003e \u003csaveifxmlinvalid\u003efalse\u003c\/saveifxmlinvalid\u003e \u003cignoremixedcontent\u003efalse\u003c\/ignoremixedcontent\u003e \u003calwaysshowplaceholdertext\u003efalse\u003c\/alwaysshowplaceholdertext\u003e \u003cdonotpromoteqf\u003e\u003c\/donotpromoteqf\u003e \u003clidthemeother\u003eEN-IN\u003c\/lidthemeother\u003e \u003clidthemeasian\u003eX-NONE\u003c\/lidthemeasian\u003e \u003clidthemecomplexscript\u003eX-NONE\u003c\/lidthemecomplexscript\u003e \u003ccompatibility\u003e \u003cbreakwrappedtables\u003e\u003c\/breakwrappedtables\u003e \u003csnaptogridincell\u003e\u003c\/snaptogridincell\u003e \u003cwraptextwithpunct\u003e\u003c\/wraptextwithpunct\u003e \u003cuseasianbreakrules\u003e\u003c\/useasianbreakrules\u003e \u003cdontgrowautofit\u003e\u003c\/dontgrowautofit\u003e \u003csplitpgbreakandparamark\u003e\u003c\/splitpgbreakandparamark\u003e \u003cdontvertaligncellwithsp\u003e\u003c\/dontvertaligncellwithsp\u003e \u003cdontbreakconstrainedforcedtables\u003e\u003c\/dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables\u003e \u003cdontvertalignintxbx\u003e\u003c\/dontvertalignintxbx\u003e \u003cword11kerningpairs\u003e\u003c\/word11kerningpairs\u003e \u003ccachedcolbalance\u003e\u003c\/cachedcolbalance\u003e \u003c\/compatibility\u003e \u003cbrowserlevel\u003eMicrosoftInternetExplorer4\u003c\/browserlevel\u003e \u003cmathpr\u003e \u003cmathfont m:val=\"Cambria Math\"\u003e\u003c\/mathfont\u003e \u003cbrkbin m:val=\"before\"\u003e\u003c\/brkbin\u003e \u003cbrkbinsub m:val=\"--\"\u003e\u003c\/brkbinsub\u003e \u003csmallfrac m:val=\"off\"\u003e\u003c\/smallfrac\u003e \u003cdispdef\u003e\u003c\/dispdef\u003e \u003clmargin m:val=\"0\"\u003e\u003c\/lmargin\u003e \u003crmargin m:val=\"0\"\u003e\u003c\/rmargin\u003e \u003cdefjc m:val=\"centerGroup\"\u003e\u003c\/defjc\u003e \u003cwrapindent m:val=\"1440\"\u003e\u003c\/wrapindent\u003e \u003cintlim m:val=\"subSup\"\u003e\u003c\/intlim\u003e \u003cnarylim m:val=\"undOvr\"\u003e\u003c\/narylim\u003e \u003c\/mathpr\u003e\u003c\/worddocument\u003e \u003c\/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e \u003clatentstyles deflockedstate=\"false\" defunhidewhenused=\"true\" defsemihidden=\"true\" defqformat=\"false\" defpriority=\"99\" latentstylecount=\"267\"\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"0\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Normal\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 7\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 8\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 9\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 7\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 8\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 9\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"35\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"caption\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"10\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Title\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"1\" name=\"Default Paragraph Font\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"11\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Subtitle\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"22\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Strong\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"20\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"59\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Table Grid\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Placeholder Text\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"1\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"No Spacing\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Revision\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"34\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"List Paragraph\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"29\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Quote\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"30\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Intense Quote\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"19\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"21\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"31\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Subtle Reference\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"32\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Intense Reference\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"33\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Book Title\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"37\" name=\"Bibliography\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"TOC Heading\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003c\/latentstyles\u003e \u003c\/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003cstyle type=\"text\/css\"\u003e \u003c!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%20%20%20%2F*%20Font%20Definitions%20*%2F%20%20%20%40font-face%20%20%20%7Bfont-family%3A%22Cambria%20Math%22%3B%20%20%20panose-1%3A2%204%205%203%205%204%206%203%202%204%3B%20%20%20mso-font-charset%3A1%3B%20%20%20mso-generic-font-family%3Aroman%3B%20%20%20mso-font-format%3Aother%3B%20%20%20mso-font-pitch%3Avariable%3B%20%20%20mso-font-signature%3A0%200%200%200%200%200%3B%7D%20%20%40font-face%20%20%20%7Bfont-family%3ACalibri%3B%20%20%20panose-1%3A2%2015%205%202%202%202%204%203%202%204%3B%20%20%20mso-font-charset%3A0%3B%20%20%20mso-generic-font-family%3Aswiss%3B%20%20%20mso-font-pitch%3Avariable%3B%20%20%20mso-font-signature%3A-536870145%201073786111%201%200%20415%200%3B%7D%20%20%20%2F*%20Style%20Definitions%20*%2F%20%20%20p.MsoNormal%2C%20li.MsoNormal%2C%20div.MsoNormal%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-unhide%3Ano%3B%20%20%20mso-style-qformat%3Ayes%3B%20%20%20mso-style-parent%3A%22%22%3B%20%20%20margin%3A0cm%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20text-align%3Ajustify%3B%20%20%20mso-pagination%3Awidow-orphan%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A11.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Calibri%22%2C%22sans-serif%22%3B%20%20%20mso-fareast-font-family%3A%22Times%20New%20Roman%22%3B%20%20%20mso-fareast-theme-font%3Aminor-fareast%3B%20%20%20mso-bidi-font-family%3A%22Times%20New%20Roman%22%3B%7D%20%20p.Style%2C%20li.Style%2C%20div.Style%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3AStyle%3B%20%20%20mso-style-unhide%3Ano%3B%20%20%20margin%3A0cm%3B%20%20%20margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%20%20%20mso-pagination%3Awidow-orphan%3B%20%20%20text-autospace%3Anone%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A12.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Times%20New%20Roman%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20mso-fareast-font-family%3A%22Times%20New%20Roman%22%3B%20%20%20mso-fareast-theme-font%3Aminor-fareast%3B%7D%20%20p.msopapdefault%2C%20li.msopapdefault%2C%20div.msopapdefault%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3Amsopapdefault%3B%20%20%20mso-style-unhide%3Ano%3B%20%20%20mso-margin-top-alt%3Aauto%3B%20%20%20margin-right%3A0cm%3B%20%20%20mso-margin-bottom-alt%3Aauto%3B%20%20%20margin-left%3A0cm%3B%20%20%20text-align%3Ajustify%3B%20%20%20mso-pagination%3Awidow-orphan%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A12.0pt%3B%20%20%20font-family%3A%22Times%20New%20Roman%22%2C%22serif%22%3B%20%20%20mso-fareast-font-family%3A%22Times%20New%20Roman%22%3B%20%20%20mso-fareast-theme-font%3Aminor-fareast%3B%7D%20%20span.GramE%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-name%3A%22%22%3B%20%20%20mso-gram-e%3Ayes%3B%7D%20%20.MsoChpDefault%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-type%3Aexport-only%3B%20%20%20mso-default-props%3Ayes%3B%20%20%20font-size%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20mso-ansi-font-size%3A10.0pt%3B%20%20%20mso-bidi-font-size%3A10.0pt%3B%7D%20%20.MsoPapDefault%20%20%20%7Bmso-style-type%3Aexport-only%3B%20%20%20text-align%3Ajustify%3B%7D%20%20%40page%20WordSection1%20%20%20%7Bsize%3A595.3pt%20841.9pt%3B%20%20%20margin%3A72.0pt%2072.0pt%2072.0pt%2072.0pt%3B%20%20%20mso-header-margin%3A35.4pt%3B%20%20%20mso-footer-margin%3A35.4pt%3B%20%20%20mso-paper-source%3A0%3B%7D%20%20div.WordSection1%20%20%20%7Bpage%3AWordSection1%3B%7D%20%20%2D%2D%3E--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e \u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e \u003cstyle\u003e \/* Style Definitions *\/ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:\"\"; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";} \u003c\/style\u003e \u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e \u003cshapedefaults v:ext=\"edit\" spidmax=\"2050\"\u003e\u003c\/shapedefaults\u003e \u003c\/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e \u003cshapelayout v:ext=\"edit\"\u003e \u003cidmap v:ext=\"edit\" data=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/idmap\u003e \u003c\/shapelayout\u003e\u003c\/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"WordSection1\"\u003e \u003cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"times new roman\",\"serif\"; font-size: 13pt;'\u003eForeword\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eDharmasastra has been a discipline comprising the vast range of subjects related to regulations on ethics, social and moral behavior, administration, laws of inheritance and various other issues related to diplomacy and polity. The tradition of Dharmasastra developed through the hundreds of texts like Dharmasutras and Smrtis. Yajnavalkya in his Smrti has noted ten major authors of Smrtis, but Vtramitramisra, the author of Vtramitrodaya has enlarged the list by citing many other Smrtis, Apart from the authors of Dharmasutras and smrtis, commentators like Visvarupa, Medhatithi, Vijfianesvara, Kulu kabhatta and a host of other also have made original contributions to Dharmasastra.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eVyavaharamayukha is a part of Bhagavantabhaskara, one of the most voluminous encyclopedic works on Dharmasastra, Nilakantha \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eBhatta,\u003c\/span\u003e its author was great Mimamsaka. He was protege of Bhagavantadeva, a ruler of Bhareha (presently in Etawa Dist. of U.P.). Mahamahopadhyaya Purushottam Vaman Kane has placed him around 1610-45 AD. Nilakantha Bhatta compiled this voluminous text at his instance.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style='font-family: \"times new roman\",\"serif\"; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;'\u003eThere are twelve Mayukhas (chapters) in Bhagavanta-bhaskara, They deal with various topics related to Dharmasastra viz. - the Samskaras, Acara, Samaya (calendar), Sraddha, Niti (Polity and administration), Dana, Utsarga (Public welfare activeities), devapratistha, Prayascitta, Suddhi and Santi Out of these twelve Mayukhas in Bhagavantabhaskara, the Vyavaharamayukha is the sixth one. It is a valuable treatise on legal issues, covering, important facets of Ancient Indian Economy, administration and rules for inheritance. - Nilakantha Bhatta is not only an authority on Dharmasastra, he has culled the essence form hundreds of ancients Smrti text, to make his work a valuable compendium. It is thus not only an essential reading for the students of Sanskrit - particulary that of Dharmasastra, it is also very useful for legal practitioners, sociologists and researchers in Ancient Indian History and Culture. Also, Nilkantha Bhatta is not just a compiler. He has given his orginal views and interpretations on a number of debatable issues.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eThe text has been printed a number of times, but it has not been published with English translation. Mahamahopadhyaya Purushottam Vaman Kane recognized the importance of this work for the first time and he translated it into English. His translation published in 1993 is not easily available now. We are happy to bring out the text and translation together for the first time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eIt is his translation of Vyavaharamayukha that led Mahamahopadhyaya Purushottam Vaman Kane to take up one of the most promising and gigantic project in Indological studies, i.e., writing the ‘History of Dharmashastra.’ sub-titled as ‘Ancient and Medieval Religions and Civil Law in India’ Kane intended to give a survey of Dharmasastra literature in the preface of Vyavaharamayukha, which devoloped into his magnum opus to be completed in more than three decades. \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eIn about 7000 pages.\u003c\/span\u003e Kane could provide first hand knowledge because of his command on Sanskrit. Professor R.S. Sharma one of the most eminent historians of the country writes about his achievements in the following words - “Pandurang Vaman Kane, a great Sanskritist wedded to social reform, continued earlier tradition of scholarship. His monumental work entitled the ‘History of Dharmashatra’ published in five volumes in twentieth century is an encyclopedia of ancient social laws and customs. This enables us to study the social processes in ancient India.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style='font-family: \"times new roman\",\"serif\"; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;'\u003eWe hop that this new edition of Vyavaharamayukha will be useful for academic world.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style='font-family: \"times new roman\",\"serif\"; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;'\u003ePreface\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eThe Vyavaharamayukha of Nilakantha is a work of paramount authority on Hindu Law in Gujerat, the town and island of Bombay and in northern Konkan. \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eEven where, as in the Maratha country and in the District of Ratnagiri, the Mitaksara is the paramount authoerity, it occupies a very important, though a subordinate place.\u003c\/span\u003e The first English translation of the Vyavaharamayukha was published in 1827 by Borradarle. \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eConsidering the state of Sanskrit scholarship among Westerners more than a hundred years ago the translation was a creditable, performance.\u003c\/span\u003e But, as, has been judicially noticed, Borradaile’s translation is in many places infelicitous, obscure- or positively wrong.” Besides, Borradaile’s method of dividing the translation into chapters, sections and placita, though convenient to judges and lawyers for purposes of reference, conveyed to those unacquainted with the Sanksrit language or the original work the worng impression that the original was similarly divided. About fifty years ago the late Rao Saheb V. N. Mandlik brought out a scholarly transration of the \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eVyavaharamayukha, that\u003c\/span\u003e was a great improvement on Borradaile’s work, both in the accaurcy of the translation and the method of its presentation. That work is not now available in the market. It omitted the section on \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eordeals,\u003c\/span\u003e it did not refer to decided cases and was also inaccurate in some places, as a reference to the pages in dicated in the Index to this translation will show. \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eIn 1924 Mr. J.R. Gharpure of Bombay, the indefatigable editor of the ‘Collection of Hindu Law Texts’ brought out a translation of the Vyavaharamayukha.\u003c\/span\u003e In this translation he generally follows the late Rao Saheb Y.N. Mandlik, though here and there improvements are made; but he does not translate the section of the work on ordeals, nor does he cite even a considerable body of decisions of the High Courts that have a direct bearing on the text of the Vyavaharamayukha.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eIn the translation here presented, the whole of the Vyavaharamayukha has been rendered into English. The text chosen for tanslation is that contained in the edition of the Vyavaharamyukha published by the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute at Poona in 1926. The pages of the text have been indicated at the bottom of the pages of the translation. In this translation, explanatory notes have been added in order to elucidate the meaning of the author. References to the pages of the notes in the Poona edition where the Vyavaharamayukha has been exhaustively annotated have also been given in appropriate places for those who want to make a deeper study of the original and the translation. The Vyavaharamayukha is written in continuous prose, execpt where quotations in verse (which are numerous) are cited from ancient works and sages. In the present translation quotations in verse have been clearly indicated by the method of beginning them in a separate line and by lessening the size of the lines of the translation of verses by a few letter spaces as compared with the rest of the work. Another feature of this translation is that exhaustive citations of decided cases have been made, wherein the Mayukha has either been quoted, explained. \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003ecriticised\u003c\/span\u003e, referred to or which have an important bearing on the law as laid down in the Vyavaharamayukha. The decisions of courts have in a few places been also criticized. It has, however to be borne in mind that this work: does not profess to be a treatise on Hidnu Law and that, therefore, no one should expect that all possible cases on Hindu Law would be found digested herein.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eAs judges and the legal profession have been accustomed for decades to use the translations by Borradaile and Mandlik and as decided cases cite quotations from and give references to these translations, in the corner of each page of this translation corresponding portions of Borradaile’s translation contained in Stokes collection of Hindu Law-books and Mandlik’s translation have been indicated with the letters S and M respectively.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eThe Introduction to the edition of the text of the Vyavaharamayukha deals exhaustively with the family and personal history of Nilakantha, the works of Nilakantha, the period of his literary activity, the contents of his twelve Mayukhas which together constitute his digest called Bhagavantabhaskara, his position in Dharmasastra Literature and the position of the Vyavaharamayukha in madern Hindu Law. Those who want to make a detailed study of these matters must refer to that Introduction. But for the benefit of those who do not know Sanskrit a brief treatment of the matters detailed above is given here.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style='font-family: \"times new roman\",\"serif\"; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;'\u003eAn exhaustive synopsis of contents, an index of cases and Law Reports and a general index which also contains in italics important Sanskrit words will, it is hoped, add to the usefulness of this edition of the translation of the Vyvaharamayukha.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style='font-family: \"times new roman\",\"serif\"; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;'\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eInformation about the family of Nilakantha can be gleaned from several sources. Sankarabhatta, the father of Nilakantha, wrote an account of the family called. \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eGadhivamsanucarita.\u003c\/span\u003e This work was so called because the gotra of the family was Visvamitra. The work was ‘brought to the notice of scholars by the late Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Sastri (vide Indian Antiquary, vol. 41 pp. 7-13). Pandit Kantanathabhatta published at Mirzapur in 1903 a poem called ‘Bhattavamsakavyam’ in ten sargas (cantos) and 409 verses, in which he gives a detailed history of the family to which both he and Nilakant ha belonged. Besides, the numerous works composed by the members of this family during the period of several centuries furnish considerable material for constructing a brief but reliable history of the family.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eThe home of the family was at Paithan in the Deccan on the Godavari, The gotra of the family was Visvamitra or Gadhi, The most ancient ancestor named is Nagapasa or Naganatha, whose son was Cangadeva, whose son was Govinda. The real history of the family begins with Ramesvarabhatta, son of Govinda. Ramesvarabhatta was a very learned man, had numerous pupils, cured of leprosy the son of an influential Mahomedan officer of the Ahmednagar kingdom and travelled extensively. \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eWhen on a pilgrimage to Dvaraka his first son Narayanabhatta was born to him in sake 1435 (1513 A.D.).\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eRamesvarabhatta migratd eight years later to Benares.\u003c\/span\u003e He had two more sons Sridhara and Madhava. Ramesvara died at a: very advanced age and his wife became a sati.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eNarayanabhatta learnt all the sastras at the feet of his father. He vanquished Maidthila and Gaula pandits at the house of Todarmal, the famous financier, scholar and statesman in the reign of Akbar. He was [he most illustrious member of his family. He was very fond of copying and collecting Sanskrit manuscripts. He is said to have rebuilt the famous temple of Visvesvara at Benares that had been razed to the ground by the Mussalmans. For his .great learning and piety Narayanabhatta was given the title of ‘Jagadguru’ and his family was given the first place of honour in the assembly of learned brahmanas and at the recitation of the Vedas, which latter distinction, it is said, still continues in the family. Nayayanabhatta wrote the Praoyogaratna, Tristhalisetu and several other works.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eNarayanabhatta had three sons, Ramakrsna, Sankara and Govinda. Ramakrsna was a very learned man and a great student of Mimama. Sankarabhatta was a profound \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003emimamsaka,\u003c\/span\u003e He wrote a commentary on the Sastradipika, a work called Dvaitanirnaya, the Mimamsabalaprakasa, the Dharmaprakasa and several other works.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eRamakrsna had three sons, Dinakara alias Divakara, Kamalakara and Laksmana. Dinakara wrote the Bhattadinakarl, the Santisara, the Dinakaroddyota.Kamalakara wrote no less than twenty-two works. The Nirnayasindhu, one of his earliest works, was composed in 1612 A.D. Laksmana wrote the Acararatna, the Gotrapravararatna and other works.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eAs the colophon to the Vyavaharatattva of Nilakantha shows, Sankarabhatta had four sons Ranganatha, Damodara, Nrsimha and Nilakantha, the last being the youngest.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: en-gb;\"\u003eDinakara alias Divakara had a son called Visvesvarabhatta or Gagabhatta, The latter officiated at the coronation of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. He completed his father’s digest called Uddyota and wrote the Bhattacintarnani, the Kayasthadharrnadtpa, the Sivarkodaya and several other works. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nah211b.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/nah211c.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211j.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211k.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211l.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211m.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211n.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211o.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211p.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211q.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211r.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211s.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211t.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211u.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211v.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211w.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211x.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211y.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211z.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211za.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211zb.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211zc.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211zd.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211ze.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nah211zf.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602383532333,"sku":"NAH211","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nah211.jpg?v=1677616838"},{"product_id":"soliga-of-biligiri-rangana-hills-ubf235","title":"The Soliga of Biligiri Rangana Hills","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUBF235\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/s%20g%20morab\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"S. G. Morab\"\u003eS. G. Morab\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/anthropological%20survey%20of%20india%20kolkata\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Anthropological Survey of India, Kolkata\"\u003eAnthropological Survey of India, Kolkata\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2010\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e121 (B\/W Illustrations)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e9.50 X 6.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e260 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e The present study on the Soliga of the Biligiri Rangana Hills, Mysore, was sponsored by the Anthropological Survey of India as part of the programme of conducting ethnographic studies on various tribes in South India. The fieldwork for the present study was undertaken between February and July, 1965. The report is presented in the form of a detailed monographic study comprising ten chapters broadly covering the various aspects of the life of the Soliga. \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eBook's Contents and Sample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf235b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf235c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf235d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf235e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf235f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf235g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf235h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf235i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf235j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/ubf235k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602383630637,"sku":"UBF235","price":31.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ubf235.jpg?v=1677616843"},{"product_id":"indian-karnatic-music-sri-tyagaraja-swamigal-kirthanas-english-sri-tyagaraja-swamigal-kirthanas-108-kirthanas-with-notations-uam831","title":"Indian Karnatic Music- Sri Tyagaraja Swamigal Kirthanas English (Sri Tyagaraja Swamigal Kirthanas 108 Kirthanas With Notations)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUAM831\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/s%20vijayalakshmi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"S. Vijayalakshmi\"\u003eS. Vijayalakshmi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/sri%20sai%20krishna%20gana%20publishers%20cheenai\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Sri Sai Krishna Gana Publishers, Cheenai\"\u003eSri Sai Krishna Gana Publishers, Cheenai\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2011\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e150\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.50 X 5.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e190 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Smt. S. Vijayalakshmi.comes from a traditional music family, very closely associated with the great musical genius Sri Ariyakudi Ramanuja lyangar. Her father was a very good Veena Player. She passed the higher grade exams in 1st class in both Vocal and Veena at the age of 12. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Her Guru Smt. R. Jayalakshmi was a student and senior disciple of Sri Ariyakudi in Vocal and learnt Veena from Karakudi Sambasivalyar. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Even at an earlier age she used to sing in the Margazhi Bajans in Mylapore participated by prominent musicians of those days like Sri Papanasam Sivan and Aadhi Varadhachar. She has been teaching Vocal \u0026amp; Veena for the past 54 years in the classical pani of Sri Ariyakudi dynasty. She has coached many students for different levels of exams, who have passed with bright colours. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e She has been regularly taking part in the singing of \"Pancharathna krithies\" at many Sabhas and institutions during the \"Aradhana festivals every year.\" She is highly proficient in rendering the krithies of Sarvasri Thyagarajar. Muthuswamy Dikshidhar, Syamasastri, Swadhi Thirunal, Papanasam Sivan and other famous composers. Apart from teaching Vocal and Veena, she not only finds time to tend her family but also enthralls audiences with her occasional stage performances whenever called for. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In June 2006 she was honoured by the \"TAMBRAS with the title SANGEETHA BHOOSHANAM\" for her dedicated service in the field of Camatic Music. She has been bestowed with a fine Lakshiya Skill besides a good Lakshana Gnana. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e She has published Theory books in Tamil and English for both Lower and Higher grade Government examinations. Besides these, now she has brought out two books, one on 'Abyasa Gana and other on 108 Krities of Sri Thyagaraja Swamigal. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e For the greatness and classic devolepement of Karnatic music, many great Mahans and Vidwans played a major role by composing different kinds of wonderful Uruppadies. Among them the Thrimurthies viz, Sri Thyagarajaswamigal, Sri Muthuswamy Dikshidar and Sri Syamasastrigal occupy the most important and significant place. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e One of the Thrimurthies, Sri Thyagaraja swamigal, a true and ardent devotee of Lord Sri Raama and making Aaradhana with high devotion to Lord Rama, has created plenty of wonderful Krities Sri Thyagaraja swamigal's Krities are made in a very simple and easier pattern with Bhakthi rasaa. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In this book, Smt. Vijayalakshmi has brought out 108 Thyagaraja Krities with Swara sahithyas (Notations), in three different parts, containing 36 Krities in each part. In this book she has highlighted some of the krities, which are having more than one Charana. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e These Krities are written in a way to sing easily by seeing the Notations and also quite suitable to teach those Krities. Besides this exclusive book on 108 Thyaagaraajar's Krities, Smt. Vijayalakshmi has also brought out four Theory Books with practical songs and Model question papers in Tamil and English for both the Lower and Higher grade examinations conducted by Tamilnadu Government. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e She has been conferred with the prestigeous title \"Sangeetha Bhooshanam\" by Tamilnadu Brahmins Association in the year 2006, acknowledging her value added service to the Field. of Arts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e I wish her all success in her dedicated pursuit to contribute more and more to the cause and devolepement of Karnatic Music and pray the Almighty to bestow His blessings for all her future musical ventures. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam831b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam831c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam831d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam831e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam831f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam831g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602383794477,"sku":"UAM831","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uam831.jpg?v=1677616845"},{"product_id":"indian-karnatic-music-sri-purandharadhsar-kirthanas-english-with-notations-uam906","title":"Indian Karnatic Music- Sri Purandharadhsar Kirthanas English With Notations)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eUAM906\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-author\/s%20vijayalakshmi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"S. Vijayalakshmi\"\u003eS. Vijayalakshmi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/es\/book-publisher\/sri%20sai%20krishna%20gana%20publishers%20cheenai\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Sri Sai Krishna Gana Publishers, Cheenai\"\u003eSri Sai Krishna Gana Publishers, Cheenai\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2013\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e199\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePAPERBACK\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.50 X 5.50 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e250 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Smt. S. Vijayalakshmi.comes from a traditional music family, very closely associated with the great musical genius Sri Ariyakudi Ramanuja lyangar. Her father was a very good Veena Player. She passed the higher grade exams in 1st class in both Vocal and Veena at the age of 12. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Her Guru Smt. R. Jayalakshmi was a student and senior disciple of Sri Ariyakudi in Vocal and learnt Veena from Karakudi Sambasivalyar. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Even at an earlier age she used to sing in the Margazhi Bajans in Mylapore participated by prominent musicians of those days like Sri Papanasam Sivan and Aadhi Varadhachar. She has been teaching Vocal \u0026amp; Veena for the past 54 years in the classical pani of Sri Ariyakudi dynasty. She has coached many students for different levels of exams, who have passed with bright colours. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e She has been regularly taking part in the singing of \"Pancharathna krithies\" at many Sabhas and institutions during the \"Aradhana festivals every year.\" She is highly proficient in rendering the krithies of Sarvasri Thyagarajar. Muthuswamy Dikshidhar, Syamasastri, Swadhi Thirunal, Papanasam Sivan and other famous composers. Apart from teaching Vocal and Veena, she not only finds time to tend her family but also enthralls audiences with her occasional stage performances whenever called for. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In June 2006 she was honoured by the \"TAMBRAS with the title SANGEETHA BHOOSHANAM\" for her dedicated service in the field of Camatic Music. She has been bestowed with a fine Lakshiya Skill besides a good Lakshana Gnana. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e She has published Theory books in Tamil and English for both Lower and Higher grade Government examinations. Besides these, now she has brought out two books, one on 'Abyasa Gana and other on 108 Krities of Sri Thyagaraja Swamigal. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Indian Karnatic music is a very great and precious treasure to our Music world. Our Classical Music has been in existence from the creation of the world. We have inherited plenty of wonderful Krities and Kirthanas composed by many eminent devine composers like Thalappakkam Sri Annama charya, Sri Purandaradhasar, the Trinities Sri Thyagarajar, Sri Mutthuswami Dhikshidhar, Sri Syama Sastrigal and many other famous Vakkeyakaras. Though many of those krithies etc., are not in practice, we should atleast safeguard the available Krithies with dedication and preserve them as a priceless tressure. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e As desired by a lot of Music Rasikas and elders, I have taken sincere efforts to collect some devine 'Dhasarpadhas' and published in this book with Swara sahithyas. In this Publication, I have brought out some of the Naama Kirthanas and Sampradhaya Kirthanas composed by Sri Purandara dhasar. While some of the krithies are having Pallavi, Anupallavi and Charanas, some others have only Pallavi and Charanas. I have identified about 160 Krithies, 5 Ugaa bhogas of Sri Purandhardhasar and 3 Krithies composed by Sri Vijaya Vitala dhasar on Sri Purandhara dhasar with Notation. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e I seek the blessings of the Almighty to make the people to render and hear these devine Krithies in both vocal and Instrumental music created by the Great 'Sangeetha Pithamaha' Sri Purandharadhasar and get the devine benefits. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e I humbly request all the Music lovers and elders to bless me and condone the errors if any. I express my sincere and humble respects and gratitude to Prof. Sri. R. V. Krishnan, former Vice Principal of T.N. Govt. Music college and Sangitha Rasiga Sri.E. Seshadri, who were instrumental in bringing out this publication for their valuable guidance and help. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e**Contents and Sample Pages**\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906b.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906c.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906d.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906e.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906f.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906g.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906h.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906i.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906j.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906k.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906l.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2019\/uam906m.webp\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44602383827245,"sku":"UAM906","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/uam906.jpg?v=1677616848"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/collections\/Screenshot_2023-02-23_at_4.08.34_AM.png?v=1677175331","url":"https:\/\/occultnthings.com\/es\/collections\/mystical-india-books.oembed?page=625","provider":"Occult-N-Things","version":"1.0","type":"link"}