Reviews on Indian Medicinal Plants (Set of 13 Volumes)

Reviews on Indian Medicinal Plants (Set of 13 Volumes)

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Book Specification

Item Code: NAE335
Author: A.K. Gupta and Neeraj Tandon
Publisher: Indian Council of Medical Research
Language: English
Edition: 2004
ISBN: 9770972795006
Pages: 9731 (Throughout Color Illustrations)
Cover: Hardcover
Other Details 10.0 inch x 7.5 inch
Weight 26.40 kg

Book Description

Foreword

Emerging and reemerging infections and spread of deadly drug-resistant strains of organisms are posing a challenge to the Global Public Health in terms of their treatment. The solution perhaps lies in the Indigenous Systems of medicine, and the plant- based drugs which could provide both concept of therapy, as well as therapeutic agent to complement modern medicine especially in management of life-style diseases and communicable diseases. Medicinal plants products could also prove useful in reducing / minimize the adverse effects of various chemotherapeutic agents as well as in prolonging longevity and attaining positive health.

The consequent global interest in medicinal potential of plant during the last few decades is quite logical. Scientific research activities have been focused not only on known but also on numerous lesser known medicinal plants mentioned in the ancient texts. Enormous amount of scientific data on various aspects has been generated during the period.

In this backdrop, the Council initiated the development of databases of multidisciplinary scientific information on medicinal plants in form of Monograph series. The focus has been on pharmacognostic, photochemical, Pharmacological, clinical, toxicological studies and Ayurvedic description. Additional information on regional names, habit and habit uses ascribed, ethno botanical studies, etc. has also been included. The first volume in this series deal with over 200 plant species. The next three volumes covering over 600 plant species are also being published simultaneously. The Monographs may be of great relevance and importance in developing new herbal drugs for health care, establishing correlation ship between the uses/ claims made in Indigenous systems of Medicine, particularly Ayurveda, and understanding the scientific basis of their action. The compiled information may also be of great help in defending issues related to Intellectual Property Rights and patents on Indian medicinal plants at global level. The compilation is also intended to serve as an inventory of the Indian medicinal plants, which have been investigated. The leads could e further followed up for in-depth research.

I Trust that this initiative of the Council and the resulting series of the publication arising there from will be of immense help to researchers, academicians, scientific bodies, policy makers, regulatory authorities, drug industry, physicians of different systems of medicine and others interested in the area of medicinal plants.

I deeply appreciate the efforts of the Chairman, and the members of the Scientific Advisory Group and the Technical Review committee. The contribution made by late Professor P.K. Das needs special mention. His untimely and sad demise took him away from us before these volumes could appear in print.

It is hoped this publication would help in meeting the unmet need for new and better drugs.

Preface

Medicinal plants belong to the earliest known health care products that have been used by the mankind. Over three-quarters of the world population rely on the use of traditional medicines for their primary health care needs. The medicinal plants are not only major components of the many formulations used in Indigenous Systems o Medicines but also of a large number of drugs in Allopathic. In India, with one of the oldest ethno botanical tradition in the world, medicinal plants are the backbone of all major systems of medicine.

Indian Council of Medical Research has been supporting various research programmers in the area of medicinal plants and Indigenous systems of Medicine since 1929. In the recent past, under the leadership of Dr. G.V. Satyavati, the then Sr. Deputy Director general and later director General, the ICMR published a compilation of data on scientific work conducted in India on medicinal plants in two volumes of Monograph in 1976 and 1987, respectively, covering a total of about 900 plant species ( alphabet A to P as per their botanical names). There have been several other publications in the last few decades. The coverage of plant in these and other publications was selective or focused primarily on aspects like agronomy, botany, cultivation and chemistry. There was however, less focus on pharmacological, clinical, toxicological and drug development aspects.

In the interregnum there has been an information explosion on medicinal plants. A vast amount of information is available on published and unpublished scientific data spanning various related specialties. systematic compilation of this information became essential for its fruitful management and utilization. In the changed present day scenario this compilation needed to be viewed with a contemporary perspective which could lend support to IPR issues, priorities setting in R&D, credence to plant based drugs, global acceptance, boost of trade, and exploitation of untapped indigenous resources for better health care. The international agencies like WHO too, have advocated for development of databases which could help in harnessing full potential of medicinal plants and also help in protecting country’s ethno medicinal and biological wealth.

The present series of monographs is an effort by ICMR in this direction.

Extensive search has been made for relevant literature from primary, secondary and tertiary sources, as well as by contacting various universities, medical institutions and individual researchers involved in activities related to medicinal plants. The monograph on each plant includes regional names, habit and habitat, Ayurvedic description (wherever available), Sanskrit synonyms, uses ascribed, ethno botanical studies, the details of botanical, pharmacognostic, chemical, pharmacological/ biological, clinical and toxicological aspects backed by complete references on each aspect of the information cited. Colored photographs of some important medicinal plants have been also included.

The available literature information is so enormous that the total number of 600 plant species with 8400 references under alphabet ‘A’ (as per botanical names) could be covered in 3 volumes. The present publication is first in the series, and covers over 220 plant species (Abe-Alle). The second (Alli-Art) and Third (Are-Azi) volumes, have also been prepared and are being published simultaneously.

It is hoped that the series of publication may be useful for researchers, scientific bodies, herbal drug industry and other organizations. The policy planners, regulatory and health authorities may also find it equally useful.

Introduction

Efforts have been made to compile published research efforts on the taxa found in India whether indigenous or introduced. The present volume is the first of the series of Reviews on Indian Medicinal Plants comprising 60 plant genera comprising 223 species from Abelmoschus- Allemanda

The Monographs cover largely the studies on Indian medicinal plants conducted by scientists in Indian institutions and published in national and international journals. At places work done by Indian scientists in collaboration with foreign laboratories or carried out exclusively in foreign laboratories has also been covered. Citations of foreign scientists and the work carried out abroad have been made wherever it was found relevant to the text. Plants imported in India have not been included. The plants Achras Zapota and Agati species have not been included due to change of nomenclature status of the plant species of Manilkara Zapota and Sesbania species, respectively.

The sources of information included survey of published literature including primary, secondary and tertiary sources, besides the literature made available by various scientists, academicians, medical colleges, research institutions and universities involved in activities related to medicinal plants / Indices.

General Information

This section deals with the information mainly related to nomenclature, habit and habitat, regional names and the claims about the medicinal value of the plant species. To have an ideal of the possible medicinal potential of the plants, an attempt has been made not only to include information from the Ayurvedic literature and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India but also from the beliefs and practices prevalent in India on the basis f folk lore or empirical / traditional uses of certain plants, as reported in various well reputed compendia and ethno botanical surveys conducted. The details provided under the following sub-heads are mentioned as under:

Botanical Nomenclature

The plant genera and species are arranged by their botanical names in alphabetical order. The nomenclature of many plants has undergone revision during the last few decades. The names of the plant given in the cited references have been updated as far as possible to provide currently accepted names. In case of change of name, the obsolete names have been given as synonyms in the following order: the currently accepted name is followed by the corresponding names given in Hooker’s flora of British India or other subsequent relevant literature in addition to Indian flora and finally by the title name of the plant given in the reference cited, if is different from the earlier mentioned names. Further to this, in cases where the currently accepted binomial nomenclature starts with alphabets other than “A” such names have been provided in the footnote for the convenience of the readers. Similarly, the names of the families have been given according to the currently accepted pattern.

Habit and Habitat

A brief account of habit and habitat for each species has been also included in the Monograph.

Regional and Other Names

For most of the regional names of the plant included in this volume, information has been compiled mainly from Chopra et al. (1956, 1958), Nandkarni (1954) as well as Wealth of India (1985). In cases where names of the plants in various languages were not available, either only English names or local names as mentioned in various ethno botanical reports have been included.

Ayurvedic description

The Sequences of Ayurvedic description given in these volumes is the main Sanskrit name, its Synonyms, the Ayurvedic properties i.e. Rasa, Guna, virya, Vipaka, the basis of Ayurvedic pharmacology, actions and uses is given according to their importance. Diacritical marks have been used for correct pronunciation and to have correct meaning of these words.

Based on the above aspects Ayurvedic details of some of the allied species having similar properties are given. kA word of caution is very essential as some of the allied botanical species may not have similar actions rather allied species may be highly poisonous, for example Aconitum palmatum and A. hetero phylum are not poisonous whereas all other species of Aconitum are poisonous.

Therapeutic Uses Mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia

The actions and therapeutic uses of the plant drugs as reported in the three volumes of the official publication-Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, have been mentioned.

Properties and Uses Ascribed

The main sources of the information about the uses ascribed to various plant species under this head, are the publications by Chopra et al. (1956, 1958), Nadkarni (1954), and Wealth of India (1985). Ethno botanical Studies

These cover beliefs and practices prevalent in India as per published reports of various ethno botanical surveys. In some cases the uses of plant when employed in combination with other plant(s) have also been mentioned. However, no details about the formulation, method of preparation or dosage have been given.

Pharmacognostic Studies

Pharmacognosy part mainly includes important macro-and microscopic characters of various parts of the plant viz., leaves flowers, fruits, seeds, wood, bark, rhizome, root, lattices, gum, resin, oil fats, and waxes and fluorescence analysis. At places, wherever available. At places, wherever available, the relevant information and comparative features of the adulterants and substitutes have also been given. Pharmacognostic studies on medicinal plants which now form a part of chapters in standard books on pharmacognosy have not been included.

Chemical Studies

A through survey of the chemical studies done on the plants has been attempted, taking into account even those references where the plant has been mentioned in general photochemical screaming for the presence or absence of a particular group of chemical constituents. Thus the reader may find some insignificant journals also being cited.

An attempt has been made to relate the pharmacological / biological activity with the chemical constituents of the plant or the part of the plant used in Indian Systems of Medicine. In such an attempt, the chemical studies done on a particular plant have been described in the order of the occurrence of the chemical constituents in different parts of the plant such as whole plant, aerial parts, stem, stem bark, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, root rhizome, root bark. This has been done purposely to meaningfully correlate the biological activity exhibited by a medicinal plant or a particular part thereof under description with the chemical constituent(s) occurring in the plant or the particular part. Thus one may encounter a chemical constituent being repeated at several places in the text under different parts of the plant.

The reader may find this approach unacceptable if one is looking from a pure chemical review point view. A more acceptable write-up under the chemical studies would have been to describe the chemical constituents according to the chemical nature of the components i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids etc. But this approach would have defeated the purpose of correlating the activity of a part of the plant used in Indigenous Systems of Medicine with the constituents occurring in that respective part of the plant.

Under the chemical studies, the generic names of phytoconstituents given by the authors have been largely retained in the text. At places if the compound under generic name has been fully characterized, a complete chemical name has been mentioned to give an idea of the chemical structure, as the text does not contain the graphical representation of chemical structures

The structural drawings of the chemical constitutions described are not purposely included in the text; the structures are already given in the publications cited under references or can be seen from other standard publications like Compendium on Indian Medicinal Plants (CSIR), Merck Index (Merck & Co., New Jersey ), etc.

Under the chemical write-up coverage is also given to component like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, nitrogen contents, ash or even mention is made of inorganic mineral components. This has been done taking into view the nutritional value of the plant. At places the reader may also find inclusion of chemical analytical methods for the estimation of particular constituent. Tissue culture studies carried out to enhance the parentage of chemical constituent have also been included at place under chemical studies. In cases where a plant has been extensively worked out chemically and a very large number of constituent plant has been extensively worked out chemically and a very large number of constituents have been reported the text under the sub-title chemical studies has been condensed by summarizing the constituents in tabular forms. Classifying the constituents according to their photochemical groups.

Pharmacological and Biological studies

This heading incorporates biological activities as reported in experimental animals, helminthes, microbes including bacteria, fungi, viruses and infecting parasites. Besides systemic pharmacology, wherever required, effects on experimental disease models have been described. In selected cases, effects on cattle, poultry and agriculture have been included in the text. Most of the pharmacological actions reported are on crude extracts or active fraction. However, in case of many promising plants, active principles have been identified and studied pharmacologically. In general, the traditional and Ayurvedic uses of the plants are so wide and varied that it was not possible to correlate the pharmacological actions with the uses of the plants. But wherever such correlation exists, the same has been highlighted.

Large number of plants have been screened by Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, for various biological activities and results published in series of papers. But a very limited number of plants have been reported to have confirmed activity in their fractionated extracts. As the effort is to consolidate and cover most of the studies carried out and published, the results of the preliminary biological screening have also been mentioned in the Monographs for the benefit of the readers.

Pharmacological actions of the plants have been described under classified under classified subheads antimicrobial, general pharmacology, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, respiratory system, hypolipidaemic, hepatorprotective, hypoglycaemic, antifertility and wound healing activities etc.

Toxicity in animals is mostly limited to determination of LD 50. However, in case of potential therapeutic agents more detailed toxicology has been studied and the same has been included in the text. Toxicity details in cattle and poultry, wherever available, have been given. The animal toxicity comes under the head Pharmacological and biological Studies.

Contents To The Vol.I

Message IV
Foreword V
Preface VII
Acknowledgement IX
Abbreviations XI
Introduction XV
Monographs
Abelmoschus 1
Abies 11
Abrus 18
Abutilon 39
Acacia 53
Acalypha 110
Acampe 122
Acanthopanax 124
Acanthospermum 125
Acanthus 127
Acer 132
Achillea 136
Achyranthes 140
Aconitum 165
Acorus 193
Acrocarpus 223
Acrocephalus 225
Acronychia 226
Acrostichum 228
actaea 230
Actiniopteris 232
Actinodaphne 235
Adansonia 239
Adelocarym 243
Adenanthera 244
Adenia 249
Adenocalymma 251
Adenostemma 255
Adhatoda 257
Adiantum 288
Adina 298
Adonis 305
Aegiceras 306
Aeginetia 308
Aegle 310
Aerides 337
Aerva 338
Aeschynomene 347
Aesculus 349
Aganosma 357
Agapetes 361
Agave 362
Ageratina 375
Ageratum 376
Agalia 388
Agrimonia 399
Agrostophyllum 403
Agyneia 405
Ailanthus 406
Ainsliaea 419
Aisandra 422
Ajuga 426
Alangium 432
Albizia 445
Alcea 481
Alectra 485
Aleurites 487
Alhagi 490
Alisma 493
Allemanda 495
Appendices
I List of Plants reported for only ethnobotanical / traditional uses 503
II List of some important books, treatises and encyclopaedias referred 506
Indices
I Index of botanical names 517
II Index of bioactive phytoconstituents 526
III Index of Pharmacological and Biological activity 528
IV Index of regional and other names 535
Content To Vol-II
Allium 1
Allophylus 90
Alnus 93
Alocasia 96
Aloe 101
Alphonsea 116
Alpinia 118
Alstonia 129
Alternanthera 150
Altingia 159
Alysicarpus 162
Amaranthus 164
Amaryllis 193
Amberboa 194
Ambroma 196
Ammannia 205
Ammi 209
Amomum 215
Amorphophallus 221
Ampelocissus 227
Anacardium 231
Anacyclus 247
Anagallis 251
Anamirta 259
Ananas 261
Anaphalis 268
Ancistrocladus 275
Andrachne 279
Andrographic 283
androsace 307
Anemone 309
Anethum 314
Angelica 328
Angelonia 337
Anisochilus 339
Anisomeles 343
Annona 353
Anodendron 371
Anogeissus 373
Anthemis 384
Anthocephalus 387
Anthriscus 393
Antiaris 395
Anticharis 397
Antidesma 398
Antigonon 402
Apama 404
Aphanamixis 408
Apium 418
Aporusa 429
Aquilaria 433
Arachis 436
Araucaria 449
Arctium 453
Ardisia 456
Appendices
I List of Plants reported for only ethnobotanical / traditional uses 467
II List of Plants not included due to change in botanical nomenclature 471
iii List of some important books, treatises and encyclopaedias referred 473
Indices
i Index of botanical names 483
ii Index of bioactive phytoconstituents 492
iii Index of Pharmacological and Biological activity 494
IV Index of regional and other names 501
Content To Vol-III
Areca 1
Argemone 30
Argyreia 61
Ariopsis 74
Arisaema 75
Aristolochia 80
Arnebia 103
Artabotrys 114
Artemisia 123
Arthromeris 180
Artocarpus 182
Arundina 201
Arundo 202
Asclepias 206
Asparagus 212
Asphodelus 252
Aspidopterys 265
Asplenium 258
Aster 260
Astilbe 264
Astragulus 266
Asystasia 273
Atalantia 276
Athyrium 285
Atriplex 286
Atropa 287
Atylosia 296
Avena 302
Averrhoa 305
Avicennia 310
Azadirachta 316
Azanza 454
Azima 456
Appendices
I List of Plants reported for only ethnobotanical / traditional uses 463
iii List of some important books, treatises and encyclopaedias referred 466
Indices
i Index of botanical names 477
ii Index of bioactive phytoconstituents 484
iii Index of Pharmacological and Biological activity 486
IV Index of regional and other names 492
Content To Vol-IV
Baccaurea 1
Bacopa 4
Baeckea 24
Baeolepsis 25
Balanites 26
Balanophora 35
Baliospermum 38
Bambusa 45
Banistereopsis 60
Baphicanthus 62
Barleria 63
Barringtonia 83
Basella 96
Bauhinia 102
Beaumontia 135
Begonia 136
Beilschmiedia 139
Belamcanda 140
Benincasa 142
Benthamidia 148
Berberis 150
Berchemia 186
Bergenia 188
Bergia 199
Berrya 201
Beta 203
Betula 209
Bidens 215
Biebersteinia 219
Bignonia 220
Biophytum 223
Bischofia 228
Bixa 231
Blachia 236
Blainvillea 239
Blastania 241
Blatus 242
Blechnum 243
Blepharis 246
Blepharispermum 250
Blepharistemma 252
Blighia 253
Blumea 256
Boehmeria 275
Boenninghausenia 281
Boerhavia 285
Bolbitis 317
Bolusanthus 318
Bombax 319
Borago 332
Borassus 333
Borreria 340
Bosia 345
Boswellia 346
Bothriochloa 363
Botrychium 366
Bougainvillea 368
Brassaiopsis 376
Brassica 378
Breynia 409
Bridelia 414
Bromus 424
Broussonetia 427
Brownea 429
Brucea 431
Bruguiera 435
Brunfelsia 439
Buchanania 440
Buddleja 452
Bulbophyllum 460
Bulbostylis 464
Bunium 465
Bupleurum 468
Bursera 475
Butea 479
Buxus 510
Byttneria 512
Appendices
I List of Plants reported for only ethnobotanical / traditional uses 517
II List of Plants not included due to change in botanical nomenclature 523
iii List of some important books, treatises and encyclopaedias referred 524
Indices
i Index of botanical names 535
ii Index of bioactive phytoconstituents 549
iii Index of Pharmacological and Biological activity 550
IV Index of regional and other names 558
Plant Genera Included in Earlier Volumes
i List of Plant Genera vol-1 573
II List of Plant Genera Vol-2 575
III List of Plant Genera vol-3 577
Content To Vol-V
Cacalia 1
Caccinia 3
Cactus 6
Cadaba 7
Caesalpinia 12
Caesulia 55
Cajanus 61
Calamagrostis 88
Calamus 90
Calanthe 96
Calendula 99
Calliandra 107
Callicarpa 110
Calligonum 120
Callistemon 122
Callistephus 131
Callitries 132
Calophyllum 134
Calotropis 157
Caltha 217
Calycopteris 220
Calystegia 225
Camellia 226
Campsis 273
Campylotropis 275
Cananga 276
Canarium 279
Canavalia 286
Canna 296
Cannabis 301
Canscora 360
Cansjera 374
Canthium 375
Capillipedium 384
Capparis 387
Capsella 419
Capsicum 422
Caragona 458
Carallia 460
Caralluma 462
Cardiospermum 468
Carduus 483
Carex 485
Careya 489
Carica 500
Carissa 534
Carmona 552
Carpesium 556
Carpinus 558
Carthamus 559
Carum 575
Carvia 590
Caryopteris 594
Caryota 595
Casearia 601
Casimiroa 614
Cassia 617
Cassine 781
Cassiope 786
Cassytha 787
Castanea 792
Castanopsis 795
Castanospermum 800
Casusarina 802
Catha 809
Catharanthus 813
Catimbium 860
Catunaregam 863
Cautleya 876
Cayratia 878
Cedrus 884
Ceiba 908
Celastrus 914
Celosia. 937
Celtis 950
Cenchrus 956
Centaurea 962
Centella 965
Centipeda 1005
Centratherum 1009
Centrosema 1022
Cephaelis 1023
Cephalostachyum 1029
Cephalotaxus 1030
Cerastium 1033
Ceratonia 1035
Ceratophyllum 1037
Cerotopteris 1039
Cerbera 1041
Cereus 1048
Ceriops 1049
Ceropegia 1054
Ceropteris 1058
Cestrum 1059
Appendices
I. List of plants reported for only ethnobotanicalltraditional uses 1071
II. List of plants not included in the volume due to change in botanical nomenclature 1078
III. List of some important books, treatises and encyclopedias referred 1079
Indices
I. Index of botanical names 1093
II. Index of bioactive phytoconstituents 1107
III. Index of pharmacological and biological activity 1110
IV. Index of regional and other names 1122
Contents to Vol-VI
Chaerophyllurri 1
Chamaecyparis 5
Chassalia 10
Cheilanthes 12
Cheiranthus 18
Chelidonium 22
Chenopodium 32
Chesneya 72
Chionachne 73
Chionanthus 75
Chirita 78
Chisocheton 80
Chloris 82
Chlorophytum 87
Chloroxylon 97
Choerospondias 105
Chonemorpha 107
Christella 113
Christi sonia 116
Chromolaena 117
Chrozophora 128
Chrysanthemum 133
Chrysobalanus 161
Chrysophyllum 163
Chrysopogon 165
Chrysosplenium 169
Chukrasia 170
Cicca 175
Cicer 178
Cicerbita 237
Cichorium 239
Cimicifuga 258
Cinchona 264
Cinnamomum 286
Cipadessa 373
Cirsium 377
Cissampelos 384
Cissus 408
Cistanche 436
Citharexylum 439
Citrullus 441
Citrus 471
Appendices
I. List of plants reported for only ethnobotanicalltraditional uses 647
II. List of plants not included in the volume due to change in botanical nomenclature 652
III. List of some important books, treatises and encyclopedias referred 653
Indices
I. Index of botanical names 669
II. Index of bioactive phytoconstituents 678
ill. Index of pharmacological and biological activity 680
IV. Index of regional and other names 686
Contents To Vol-VII
Clausena 1
Cleistanthus 23
Clematis 38
Cleome 55
Clerodendrum 89
Cleyera 162
Clinogyne 163
Clinopodium 165
Clitoria 171
Cnidium 190
Coccinia 194
Coccoloba 219
Cocculus 221
Cochlospermurn 244
Cocos 251
Codiaeum 292
Codiocarpus 296
Codonopsis 297
Coelogyne 301
Coffea 308
Coix 332
Colchicum 338
Coldenia 348
Colebrookia 351
Coleus 357
Colocasia 390
Colophospermum 407
Colquhounia 409
Colubrina 411
Colvillea 415
Combretum 416
Commelina 424
Commiphora 436
Conium 502
Connarus 508
Consolida 511
Convallaria 513
Convolvulus 515
Conyza 539
Coptis 547
Corallocarpus 554
Corallodiscus 558
Corchorus 559
Cordia 585
Coreopsis 602
Coriandrum 605
Coriaria 637
Comus 639
Coronopus 642
Cortaderia 647
Corydalis 648
Corylopsis 662
Corylus 663
Corypha 671
Coscinium 673
Cosmos 682
Costus 686
Cotinus 722
Cotoneaster 725
Cotula 732
Couroupita 735
Cousonia 739
Appendices
I. List of plants reported for only ethnobotanical/ traditional uses 743
II. List of plants not included in the volume due to change in botanical nomenclature 753
III List of some important books, treatises and encyclopedias referred 754
Indices
I. Index of botanical names 769
II Index of bioactive phytoconstituents 780
III Index of pharmacological and biological activity 782
IV. Index of regional and other names 791
Contents to Vol-VIII
Crambe 1
Crassocephalum 3
Crataegus 6
Crate va 12
Cremanthodium 37
Crepis 39
Crescentia 40
Cressa 44
Crinum 49
Crocus 64
Crossandra 80
Crotalaria 82
Croton 143
Crypteronia 172
Cryptocarya 173
Cryptocoryne 177
Cryptolepis 180
Cryptomeria 192
Cryptostegia 204
Cucumis 209
Cucurbita 229
Cudrania 248
Cullenia 250
Cuminum 251
Cunninghamia 272
Cuphea 275
Cupressus 277
Curculigo 289
Curcuma 307
Cuscuta 439
Cyamopsis 460
Cyananthus 478
Cyanotis 479
Cyathea 483
Cyathocline 488
Cyathostemma 494
Cyathula 496
Cycas 500
Cyclea 508
Cydonia 516
Cylista 519
Cymbidium 521
Cymbopogon 524
Cynanchum 605
Cynara 610
Cynodon 615
Cynoglossum 639
Cynometra 647
Cyperus 649
Cyphomandra 689
Cypripedium 693
Cyrtococcum 694
Cyrtomium 695
Cytisus 697
Contents To Vol-IX
Dacty liandra 1
Dactylis 2
Dactyloctenium 8
Dactylorhiza 10
Daernia 13
Daemonorops 22
Dahlia 24
Dalbergia 29
Danthonia 70
Daphne 71
Daphniphyllum 79
Datisca 81
Datura 84
Daucus 153
Debregeasia 191
Decalepis 194
Decaschistia 201
Deeringia 202
Delonix 204
Delphinium 218
Dendrobium 229
Dendrocalamus 237
Dendrophthoe 245
Dentella 254
Derris 256
hDescurainia 311
Desmodium 313
Desmos 358
Desmostachya 361
Deutzia 365
Dianthus 368
Dicentra 372
Dichanthium 374
Dichapetalum 376
Dichroa 378
Dichrocephala 381
Dichrostachys 383
Dicliptera 390
Dicoma 392
Dicranopteris 394
Dictamnus 396
Didymocarpus 399
Dieffenbachia 408
Digera 411
Digitalis 416
Dillenia 432
Dimeria 449
Dimorphotheca 451
Dinochloa 452
Dioon 454
Dioscorea 456
Diospyros 506
Diplazium 552
Diploclisia 556
Diplocyclos 558
Diploknema 561
Diplospora 567
Diploterygium 568
Dipsacus 569
Dipteracanthus 572
Dipteris 574
Dipterocarpus 575
Disporum 580
Docynia 581
Dodonaea 582
Dolichandrone 591
Dolichos 597
Dombeya 660
Donax 662
Dopatrium 663
Dorema 665
Doronicum 667
Dracaena 668
Dracocephalum 672
Dregea 675
Drimia 682
Drimycarpus 688
Drosera 689
Drymaria 694
Drynaria 699
Dryopteris 703
Drypetes 716
Duabanga 728
Duboisia 730
Dubyaea 733
Dunbaria 734
Duranta 735
Durio 739
Dysolobium 741
Dysophylla 742
Dysoxylum 744

Contents Vol X

Foreword V
Preface Vll
Acknow ledgements Vlll
Abbreviations Xl
Introduction XVll
Monographs
Ecbolium 1
Ecdysanthera 7
Echinocarpus 9
Echinochloa 11
Echinops 22
Echium 39
Eclipta 42
Edgaria 102
Edgeworthia 103
Ehretia 105
Eichhomia 116
Elaeagnus 125
Elaeis 131
Elaeocarpus 140
Elatostema 158
Eleocharis 159
Elephantopus 162
Elettaria 178
Eleusine 203
Eleutherococcus 228
Elionurus 237
Elsholtzia 238
Elytraria 254
Embelia 259
Emblica 316
Emilia 432
Encephalartos 441
Endospermum 444
Engelhardtia 446
Enhydra 451
Enicostema 458
Ensete 482
Entada 488
Enterolobium 499
Epaltes 505
Ephedra 507
Epilobium 543
Epipactis 548
Equisetum 550
Eragrostis 563
Eranthemum 571
Eranthis 576
Erechtites 577
Eremopogon 579
Eremurus 580
Eria 582
Erianthus 585
Erigeron 589
Erinocarpus 601
Eriobotrya 603
Eriocaulon 610
Erioglossum 613
Eriolaena 616
Eriophorum 620
Eriophyton 622
Eruca 623
Ervatamia 630
Erycibe 653
Eryngium 657
Erysimum 663
Erythrina 665
Erythropalum 711
Erythroxylum 713
Eschscholzia 723
Ethulia 726
Eucalyptus 728
Eulalia 822
Eulaliopsis 824
Eulophia 826
Euodia 831
Euonymus 843
Eupatorium 852
Euphorbia 883
Euphoria 1022
Euphrasia 1026
Eurotia 1029
Eurya 1030
Euryale 1035
Eusteralis 1039
Evolvulus 1044
Exacum 1075
Excoecaria 1081
Appendices
1. List of plants reported for only ethnobotanical traditional uses 1091
2. List of plants not included in the volume due to change in botanical nomenclature 1106
3. List of some important books, treatises and encyclopaedias referred 1109
Indices
1. Index of family names including generic names 1123
2. Index of botanical names 1126
3. Index of bioactive phytoconstituents 1141
4. Index of pharmacological and biological activity 1144
5. Index of regional and other names 1156
Plant Genera Included in Earlier Volumes
1. List of plant genera Vol-l (Abe - AIle) 1171
2. List of plant genera Vol-2 (Alli - Ard) 1173
3. List of plant genera Vol-3 (Are - Azi) 1175
4. List of plant genera Vol-4 (Ba - By) 1176
5. List of plant genera Vol-5 (Ca - Ce) 1178
6. List of plant genera Vol-6 (Ch - Ci) 1181
7. List of plant genera Vol- 7 (Cl - Co) 1182
8. List of plant genera Vol-8 (Cr - Cy) 1184
9. List of plant genera Vol-9 (Da - Dy) 1186

Contents Vol XI

Foreword V
Preface VII
Acknowledgements VIII
Abbreviations XI
Introduction XIX
Monographs
Faba 1
Fagara 10
Fagonia 21
Fagopyrum 34
Fagraea 59
Fagus 62
Farsetia 67
Feronia 69
Ferula 92
Festuca 133
Ficus 147
Filago 369
Filicium 371
Fimbristylis 373
Finlaysonia 376
Firmiana 380
Fissistigrna 383
Fitzroya 385
Flacourtia 387
Flagellaria 411
Flaveria 414
Flemingia 422
Fleurya 438
Flickingeria 440
Flindersia 446
Floscopa 448
Flueggea 450
Foeniculum 459
Forrestia 503
Forsythia 506
Fortunella 509
Fragaria 511
Francoeuria 536
Fraxinus 538
Freycinetia 558
Friesodielsia 559
Fritillaria 561
Fuchsia 571
Fumaria 574
Furcraea 600
Gagea 602
Gaillardia 603
Galega 605
Galinsoga 608
Galium 612
Gamolepsis 619
Garcinia 621
Gardenia 699
Gardneria 733
Garuga 735
Gaultheria 743
Geissaspis 751
Gelonium 752
Gelsemium 760
Gentiana 764
Gentianella 776
Geodorum 780
Geophila 782
Geranium 784
Gerbera 800
Geum 804
Ginkgo 808
Girardinia 852
Gisekia 857
Givotia 860
Gleditsia 863
Gleichenia 866
Glinus 867
Gliricidia 879
Globba 886
Glochidion 891
Gloriosa 903
Glossocardia 939
Glossogyne 944
Glycine 947
Glycosmis 978
Glycycarpus 1002
Glycyrrhiza 1003
Gmelina 1072
Gnaphalium 1107
Gnetum 1116
Gnidia 1124
Goldfussia 1129
Gomphandra 1131
Gomphostemrna 1133
Gomphrena 1137
Gonatanthus 1144
Gongronema 1146
Goniothalamus 1148
Gonostegia 1154
Goodyera 1156
Gordonia 1157
Gossypium 1159
Gouania 1213
Grangea 1216
Grevillea 1223
Grewia 1228
Griffonia 1281
Guaiacum 1283
Guazuma 1286
Guettarda 1293
Guizotia 1296
Gymnacranthera 1304
Gymnadenia 1305
Gymnema 1306
Gymnopetalum 1358
Gymnosporia 1360
Gymnostachyum 1371
Gynocardia 1372
Gynura 1376
Gypsophila 1381
Gyrocarpus 1385
Appendices
1. List of plants reported for only ethnobotanicall traditional uses 1389
2. List of plants not included in the volume due to change in botanical nomenclature 1413
3. List of some important books, treatises and 1414
Indices
1. Index of family names including generic names 1429
2. Index of botanical names 1432
3. Index of bioactive phytoconstituents 1453
4. Index of pharmacological and biological activity 1459
5. Index of regional and other names 1473
Plant Genera Included in Earlier Volumes
1. List of plant genera Vol-1 (Abe - AIle) 1499
2. List of plant genera Vol-2 (Alli - Ard) 1501
3. List of plant genera Vol-3 (Are - Azi) 1503
4. List of plant genera Vol-4 (Ba - By) 1504
5. List of plant genera Vol-5 (Ca - Ce) 1506
6. List of plant genera Vol-6 (Ch - Ci) 1509
7. List of plant genera Vol-7 (CI- Co) 1510
8. List of plant genera Vol-8 (Cr - Cy) 1512
9. List of plant genera Vol-9 (Da - Dy) 1514
10. List of plant genera Vol-l0 (Ec - Ex) 1516

Contents Vol XII

Foreword V
Preface VII
Acknowledgements VIII
Abbreviations XI
Introduction XXI
Monographs Page
Habenaria 1
Hackelia 9
Haemanthus 10
Haematocarpus 13
Haematoxylon 15
Hakea 18
Halenia 20
Halerpestes 24
Halodule 25
Halogeton 27
Halophila 29
Haloxylon 33
Hamelia 35
Hamiltonia 40
Haplanthodes 43
Haplophragma 46
Hardwickia 49
Harpagophytum 55
Harpullia 64
Harrisonia 66
Hartmannia 68
Heckeria 70
Hedera 72
Hedranthera 85
Hedychium 88
Hedyotis 130
Hedysarum 149
Helianthus 166
Helicanthes 202
Helichrysum 204
Helicia 212
Heliconia 213
Helicteres 215
Helinus 244
Heliotropium 246
Helixanthera 285
Helleborus 287
Helminthostachys 291
Hemarthria 297
Hemidesmus 299
Hemigraphis 357
Hemionitis 363
Hemiphragma 367
Heptapleurum 369
Herac1eum 371
Heritiera 400
Hernandia 406
Herniaria 409
Herpetospermum 412
Hesperethusa 414
Heteropanax 420
Heterophragma 422
Heteropogon 427
Heterostemma 433
Hevea 435
Hexachlamys 446
Heylandia 448
Heynea 450
Hibiscus 452
Hippeastrum 560
Hippocratea 562
Hippophae 565
Hiptage 608
Hitchenia 615
Hodgsonia 616
Hoffmannseggia 618
Holarrhena 620
Holboellia 681
Holigama 683
Holmskioldia 690
Holoptelea 695
Holostemma 714
Homalium 723
Homalomena 725
Homonoia 728
Hopea 733
Hoppea 738
Hordeum 741
Homstedtia 774
Horsfieldia 776
Houttuynia 778
Hoya 790
Hugonia 794
Humboldtia 798
Humulus 801
Hybanthus 823
Hydnocarpus 834
Hydrangea 851
Hydrastis 858
Hydrilla 865
Hydrocotyle 872
Hydrolea 884
Hydrophylax 887
Hygrophila 888
Hymenaea 924
Hymenantherum 928
Hymenocallis 930
H ymenodictyon 933
Hyoscyamus 941
Hypecoum 964
Hypericum 966
Hyphaene 1016
Hypochoeris 1019
Hypogynium 1021
Hypolepis 1022
Hypoxis 1024
Hyptianthera 1026
Hyptis 1029
Hyssopus . 1059
Appendices
1. List of plants reported for only ethnobotanical/ traditional uses 1069
2. List of plants not included in the volume due to change in botanical nomenclature 1087
3. List of some important books, treatises and encyclopaedias referred 1088
Indices
1. Index of family names including generic names 1103
2. Index of botanical names 1106
3. Index of bioactive phytoconstituents 1121
4. Index of pharmacological and biological activity 1126
5. Index of regional and other names 1137
Plant Genera Included in Earlier Volumes
1. List of plant genera Vol-1 (Abe - AIle) 1153
2. List of plant genera Vol-2 (Alli - Ard) 1155
3. List of plant genera Vol-3 (Are - Azi) 1157
4. List of plant genera Vol-4 (Ba - By) 1158
5. List of plant genera Vol-5 (Ca - Ce) 1160
6. List of plant genera Vol-6 (Ch - Ci) 1163
7. List of plant genera Vol-7 (CI- Co) 1164
8. List of plant genera Vol-8 (Cr - Cy) 1166
9. List of plant genera Vol-9 (Da - Dy) 1168
10. List of plant genera Vol-10 (Ec - Ex) 1170
11. List of plant genera Vol-ll (Fa - Gy) 1172

Contents Vol XIII

Foreword V
Preface VII
Acknowledgements Vlll
Abbreviations IX
Introduction XV
Monographs
Iberis 1
Ichnocarpus 4
Hex 20
Illicium 26
Impatiens 39
Imperata 54
Incarvillea 63
Indigofera 65
Indoneesiella 121
Inga 125
Inocarpus 126
Intsia 127
Inula 129
Iphigenia 162
Ipomoea 165
Iris 273
Isachne 288
Ischaemum 290
Iseilema 293
Isodon 296
Isoetes 299
Isonandra 301
Itea 302
Ixora 304
Jacaranda 331
Jacobinia 336
Jacquemontia 338
Jacquinia 340
Jaeschkea 342
Janakia 344
Jasminum 347
Jateorhiza 401
Jatropha 403
Juglans 459
Juncus 476
Juniperus 479
Jurinea 512
Justicia 517
Kaempferia 545
Kalanchoe 561
Kallstroernia 583
Kandelia 585
Kayea 588
Kedrostis 590
Khaya 592
Kickxia 598
Kigelia 602
Kirganelia 610
Kleinhovia 619
Klugia 621
Knema 622
Knoxia 629
Kochia 631
Koeleria 636
Koelpinia 638
Koelreuteria 640
Kopsia 641
Krascheninnikovia 645
Kydia 647
Kyllinga 652
Appendices
1. List of plants reported for only ethnobotanical / traditional uses 663
2. List of plants not included in the volume due to change in botanical nomenclature 677
3. List of some important books, treatises and encyclopedias referred 678
Indices
1. Index of family names including generic names 693
2. Index of botanical names 695
3. Index of bioactive constituents 709
4. Index of pharmacological and biological activity 710
5. Index of regional and other names 719
Plant Genera Included in Earlier Volumes
1. List of Plant Genera Vol-l (Abe - AIle) 739
2. List of Plant Genera Vol-2 (Alli - Ard) 741
3. List of Plant Genera Vol-3 (Are - Azi) 743
4. List of Plant Genera Vol-4 (Ba - By) 744
5. List of Plant Genera Vol-5 (Ca - Ce) 746
6. List of Plant Genera Vol-6 (Ch - Ci) 749
7. List of Plant Genera Vol-7 (Cl- Co) 750
8. List of Plant Genera Vol-8 (Cr - Cy) 752
9. List of Plant Genera Vol-9 (Da - Dy) 754
10. List of Plant Genera Vol-l 0 (Ec - Ex) 757
11. List of Plant Genera Vol-ll (Fa - Gy) 759
12. List of Plant Genera Vol-12 (Ha - Hy) 762

Sample Pages

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Volume XIII




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