A Text Book of History of Ayurveda

Dr. Dingari Lakshmana Chary (born on 26th January 1962) has completed BAMS in 1985 from A. L. Government Ayurvedic College, Warangal; MD in 1990 from B.R. K. R. Government Ayurvedic Medical Collehe, Hyderabad and PH.D. in 2004 from Pune University. He was awarded with 4 Gold Medals for his excellence in graduation.

He has been teaching as UG and PG Professor since last 20 years and has guided about 15 Post Graduate at SDM Ayurvedic PG Centre, Hassan. He worked as UG and PG examiner in many universities, participated in many seminars, workshops, terminology programmes, CME programmes and also published many different Journals. His previously written two books entitled Shalakya Tantra and Padartha Vijinan are very well accepted and popular among teachers and students alike.

The Ayurvedeeya Itihasa is the First year subject of B.A.M.S. The First year BAMS students are admitted in to BAMS Course from Intermediate with Convent Education. They need the English version in a systematic order and as per syllabus. This book is written in simple English, as per syllabus hence it is helpful not only for students but also for Teachers.

Dr. D. Lakshmana Chary, Principal Vaageswari Ayurvedic Medical Collage Karimngar, Andhra Pradesha is authored Shalakya Tantra – I, Shalakya Tantra – II and Ayurvedeeya Padartha Vijnana, with the addition of previous experience he compiled this book in perfect manner, hence I hope it will be benefited to all students and teachers.

It is my great privilege and pleasure to undertake the work of writing the book "A Text Book of History of Ayurveda". It became possible only by the grace of God Dhanvantari and parents.

It is planned and written only for the benefit of the BAMS students. Hence written in simple English as per syllabus I assure that it will be benefited to them.

I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. G. Sreenivas Reddy the General secretary, Directors and Members of Sree Vaageswari Educational Society Karimnagar, Andhara Pradesh, for their encouragement to complete this work.

I offer my heart felt thanks to my best Smt. D. Kamala (MA Sanskrit), my Beloved Son D. Sreeram and my Daughter D. Sreeramya for editing the text.

I Whole heartedly thank my dear staff Dr. T. Narasimha Swamy, G.J. Johnson, R. Venkateshwarlu, M. Ratnakar, T. Venkateshwar, T. Aravid, A. Yadagiri, Manjiri Ranade and D. Rajagopalacharya for their Co-operation in Compiling the material of the text.

I thank my dear student of I& II year BAMS students for helping in typing the material.

Last but not the least I sincerely thank one and all who directly and indirectly responsible for successful completion of this work.

Content

1	Introduction to Ayurveda
	Ayurveda Parichaya	1
	Ayurveda Rada Nirukti	3
	Scope and Importance of Ayurveda	4
	Itihasa Nirukti	4
	Ayurveda Itihasa	5
	Parametrs for framing history of Ayurveda	5
	Causes for the destruction of Ayurvedic literature	9
	Kala Vibhaga	10
	Model Questions	13
2	Descent of Ayurveda
	Kayachikitsa tradition of Ayurveda	14
	Shalya Tantra tradition of Ayurveda	14
	Kaumarabhrity tradition of Ayurveda	14
	A chart denoting the descent of Ayurveda as per Charaka, Vagbhata, Sushruta and Kashyapa	15
	Achart denoting the descent of Ayurveda as per Brahma Vaivarta Purana	15
	Brahma	16
	Vishnu	17
	Rudra	17
	Daksha-prajapati	18
	Ashwini-kumar	19
	Indra	21
	Bhaskara	22
	Varuna	22
	Agni	23
	Vayu	23
	Samudra-manthana - Amritotpatti	23
	Model Questions	24
3	Antiquity of Ayurveda
	Anciency of Ayurveda	25
	Eternity of Ayurveda	25
	Model Questions	26
4	Ayurveda in the Vedas, Puranas, Darshanas etc.
	Introduction to Vedas	27
	Veda Kala Nirnaya	28
	Veda & Ayurveda	29
*	Rigveda & Ayurveda	29
*	Yajurveda & Ayurveda	31
*	Samaveda & Ayurveda	32
*	Atharvanaveda & Ayurveda	32
	Upavedatwa of Ayurveda	36
	Brahmana & Ayurveda	37
	Aranyaka & Ayurveda	39
	Upanishad & Ayurveda	39
	Vedanga & Ayurveda	41
	Purana, Upapurana & Ayurveda	42
	Smriti & Ayurveda	45
	Kalpasutra & Ayurveda	46
	Ayurveda in the Epics	47
*	Ramayana & Ayurveda	47
*	Mahabharata & Ayurveda	48
	Koutilya's Arthashastra & Ayurveda	50
	Panini's Ashtadhyayi & Ayurveda	51
	Dharshana & Ayurveda	52
	Model Questions	58
5	Samhita-Kala
	Introduction	59
	Status of Ayurveda in Samhita Kala	59
	Atreya tradition of Ayurveda	60
	Dhanvanthari tradition of Ayurveda	62
	Kashyapa tradition of Ayurveda	62
	Bharadwaja	63
	Atreya	64
	Bhikshu Atreya	64
	Dhanvantari	65
	Kashyapa tradition of Ayurveda	67
	Agnivesha	68
	Bhela	69
	Jatukarna	70
	Harita	70
	Parashara	71
	Ksharapani	71
	Charaka & Charaka Samhita	71
	Dridhabala	73
	Sushruta & Sushruta Samhita	73
	Contemporaries of Sushruta Aupadhenava	75
*	Aurabhra	75
*	Pauskalavata	75
*	Karaveerya	75
*	Vaitarana	76
*	Gopurarakshita	76
*	Bhalukitantra	76
*	Bhoja	76
*	Kankayana	77
*	Varyovid	77
	Krishana Atreya	77
	Nagarujuna	77
	Nimi	79
	Gargya	80
	Karala tantra	81
	Galava tantra	81
	Satyaki	81
	Chakshushyena tantra	81
	Bhrigu tantra	81
	Nagnagi-daruvahaka	82
	Jeevaka	82
	Hiranyaksha	84
	Vatsya	84
	Vashishtha	84
	Bhrigu	84
	Atri	84
	Vagbhata & Ashtanga Sangraha/Hridaya	85
	Model Questions	86
6	Chronological Development of Samhitas
	Chronological development of Charaka Samhita	88
	Chronological Development of Sushruta Samhita	91
	Chronological development of Kashyapa Samhita	94
	Model Questions	96
7	Commentators of Classical Samhitas
a)	Commentators of Charaka-samhita
	Battara Harichandra	97
	Swamy Kumara	98
	Jejjata	98
	Chakrapani Datta	98
	Shivadasa Sen	99
	Gangadhar Roy	99
	Gayadasa	100
	Yogendranath Sen	100
	Kaviraja Jyotishachandra Saraswati	100
	Hindi & English commentators of Charak Samhita	101
b)	Commentators of Sushrutas Samhita
	Jejjatta	102
	Chakrapani Datta	102
	Gayadasa	103
	Brahmadeva	103
	Bhaskaracharya	103
	Haranachandra Chakravati	103
	Dalhana	104
	Chandrata	104
	Hindi & English commentators of Sushruta Samhita	105
c)	Commentators of Ashtanga Sangraha Indu	105
	Hindi & English commentators of Ashtanga Sangraha	105
d)	Commentators of Ashtanga Hridaya
	Arunadatta	106
	Hemadri	106
	Chandranandhana	107
	Sridasa Pandita	107
	Shivadas Sen	107
	Indu	107
	Hindi & English commentators of Ashtanga Hridaya	108
e)	Nishchalakara	108
f)	Other commentators of Brihat-trayi and Laghutrayi	109
g)	Nigantus Ayurveda	111
	Model Questions	115
8	Grantha Sangraha Kala
	Bhavaprakasha of Bhavamishra	117
	Commentators of Bhavaprakasha	118
	Sharngadhara Samhita of Sharngadhara	118
	Commentators of Sharngadhara Samhita	119
	Madhavanidana of Madhavakara	121
	Commentators of Madhavanidana	121
	Vrinda Madhava	123
	Bhaishajya Ratnavali of Govinda Das	124
	Basavarajeeyam of Neelakanta Basavaraju	124
	Gadanigraha or Shodala Nigantu	125
	Nishchalakara	125
	Chikitsakalika of Tisata	125
	Yogaratnakara	126
	Chakradatta	127
	Rajamartanda	127
	Sahasrayoga	128
	Vaidyachintamani	128
	Chikitsa Sara Sangraha	128
	Chikitsa Ratna	129
	Sadvaidya Jeevana	129
	Navaneetaka	129
	Model Questions	129
9	Rasashastra and its Development	130
	Rasashastra-granthas-parichaya	131
10	Vriksha Ayurveda & Pashu Ayurveda	130
	Vriksha Ayurveda	142
	Pashu Ayurveda	144
	Ashwa Ayurveda - Shalihotra	144
	Gaja- Ayurveda - Palakapya	145
	Gava Ayurveda	146
	Ashwa Ghosha	147
	Nakula	147
	Varahamihira	147
	Model Questions	147
11	Introduction to Authors of Modern Era
	Kaviraja Gananath sen	149
	Kaviraja Yaminibhushana	150
	Yadhavji Trikamji Acharya	150
	Bhaskara Govinda Ghanekar	151
	Pandit Damodara Sharma Gour	152
	Acharya Priyavrat Sharma	152
	Swamy Laxmiram	153
	Dr. P.M. Mehata	153
	Shankar Daji Shastri Pade	153
	Model Questions	154
12	Universal Influence & Globalisation of Ayurveda
	Introduction	155
	Medicine in Sumeriya or Mesepotamiya	156
	Medicine in Babyloniya	157
	Medicine in Assyriya	159
	Medicine in Misra (Egypt)	160
	Medicine in China	163
	Medicine in Faras (Persia)	164
	Medicine in Arabia (Unani Meicine)	165
	Ayurveda in Kamboja	166
	Ayurveda in Sri Lanka	166
	Ayurveda n Nepal	167
	Ayurveda in Thailand	168
	Ayurveda in Mauritius	168
	Ayurveda in Burma (Myanmar)	168
	Model Questions	169
13	Impact of ayurveda on Hippocrates
	Introduction	170
	The Oath of Hippocrates	174
	Greek Medical Science	174
	Acceptance of Ayurveda by Yavana	176
	Spread of Indian Surgery to Greece	178
	Translation of Ayurvedic nooks in to Arabian language	178
	Similaritites between Greece and Ayurveda	179
	Visit to Greece by Indian Scholars	181
	Ashoka's Inscription	182
	Alexander	184
	Model Questions	185
14	Development in the Field of Ayurveda after Independence
	Education in Ayurveda	186
	Indian Drugs and Cosmetic Act	188
	Establishment of Ayurvedic Colleges	188
	PG Education in Ayurveda	190
	Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee	192
	Establishment of Committees for Development of Ayurveda	192
	C.C.R.A.S.	197
	Pharmacopoeial Laboratory	206
	Rastriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth	206
	C.C.I.M.	208
*	List of UG Colleges of Ayurveda	210
*	List of PG Colleges of Ayurveda	244
	Ayush	250
	Research in the field of Ayurveda	251
	Sources of Writing down the Text Books	255
	Subject-wise writing of books	259
	Different Councils of Vaidya	266
	WHO	267
	Ayurvedic Journals and Magazines	269
	Model Questions	273
15	Appendices
1	Some Eminent Schorar of Ayurveda of Modern Era	274
2	Viva Bits in Ayurveda Itihas	323

Sample Pages