Lothal: A Harappan Port Town 1955-62 (Set of 2 Volumes ) (OLD AND RARE)

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Book Specification

Item Code:	NAL660
Author:	S. R. Rao
Publisher:	ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
Language:	English
Edition:	1979
Pages:	1055 (315 B/W Plates)
Cover:	Hardcover
Other Details	11.0 inch X 9.0 inch
Weight	4 kg

Book Description

Volume I

Preface

The delay in publishing the report on the excavations at Lothal which was ready in 1965 is due to certain technical difficulties, but I must add that this delay has enabled me to include a Chapter on the decipherment of the Indus Script. A more comprehensive work on the subject is in the press.

The present report is divided into two volumes. Volume I deals with the discovery of Lothal, the cuttings, stratigraphy, structures and cemetery. An attempt has also been made in this volume to throw some light on the religion and social life of the Harappans and their relation with the neighbouring countries. The observations made in Chapter XIV on the origin and authors of the Harappa Civilization are bound to be tentative but I can derive some satisfaction from the fact that the latest evidence available on the subject from the excavations of Harappan sites in India and Pakistan has been taken note of.

I hope the reader will not have to wait more than a few months for the release of Volume II which contains technical reports of the Chief Archaeological Chemist, Anthropologist, Zoologist and Botanist and also the description of individual portable finds.

I must express my gratitude to Shri M. N. Deshpande, Director General and Shri B. K. Thapar, Additional Director General, Archaeological Survey of India for expediting the publication of this Volume and to Shri B. D. Sen, Managing Director, Naba Mudran (Pvt) Ltd, Calcutta for excellent printing.

Volume II

Preface

The second volume of the report on the excavations at Lothal-A Harappan Port Town was ready in 1966 along with the first volume which was published as Memoir No. 78 of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1979, but owing to circumstances beyond author's control, the publication of the second volume has been delayed. Anyway it is gratifying to find that this volume has now seen the light of the day.

Normally excavation reports are not indexed, but an exception has been made in this case by providing a short index to both the volumes to facilitate reference to important subjects and sites. Appendixes I and II have been added for updating the information on Indus civilization. A list of Harappan and Late Harappan sites has been given in Appendix III.

I am obliged to Prof. S. S. Sarkar, Dr. B. B. Lal, Dr. K. Ramesh Rao and Krishna Lal, Shri Bhola Nath and Shri V. K. Chari for contributing appropriate technical reports.

My thanks are due to Dr. M. S. Nagaraja Rao, Director General, Dr. H. Sarkar, Joint Director General and Shri K. N. Dikshit, Director, Archaeological Survey of India for bringing out the volume. I am particularly grateful to Shri S. R. Varma, Administrative Officer (Publications) who took great pains at every step to expedite the printing of the book. His long experience in getting technical reports printed has improved the quality of the illustrations which would have otherwise suffered owing to the long interval of almost 20 years between the preparation of halftone blocks and actual printing.

I must express my gratitude to Shri T. K. Sen of Naba Mudran (Pvt.) Ltd, Calcutta for full co-operation and excellent printing.

I am obliged to Sarvasri K. M. Srivastava, Suraj Bhan Chaudhary, Udai Vir Singh, T. S. Iyengar, K. D. Tripathi and S. N. Raghunath for assisting me in preparation of technical reports on pottery, metal, shell, bone, ivory and faience objects. My thanks are also due to Sarvasri Lalit Kumar jain, V. M. joseph, M. j. Vyas, B. P. Saxena and jassu Ram for the line drawings and to Sarvasri M. B. Limaye, S. N. Shah, V. M. Date and Pramod Singh for photographs of antiquities.

Contents

Volume I

Chapter I	Introduction	1
1	Physical features	1
2	Tradition	1
3	Prehistory	11
4	Discovery of Lothal	12
5	Further exploration	14
6	Acknowledgements	15
Chapter II	The Site and the Problems	18
1	The Site	18
2	The Mound	20
3	History of excavations	21
4	The Problems	22
Chapter III	Cultural Sequence	24
1	Introduction	24
2	Period A	28
	Period B	33
Chapter IV	Chronology	37
1	Conventional date of Harappa Civilization	37
2	Lothal Rojdi	37
3	Rojdi	45
4	Revised date of Rangpur	45
5	Ahar	46
Chapter V	The Cuttings	47
1	SRG 1	47
2	SRG 2	47
3	SRG 3	50
4	Other Cuttings	50
Chapter VII	Stratigraphy	53
1	General	53
2	Section looking east	54
3	Section looking south	62
4	Section connecting cemetary with habitation area	68
Chapter VII	Structural Remains	71
1	Introduction	71
2	Town Planning	85
3	Block 'A'	88
4	Block 'B'	100
5	Block 'C' (warehouse)	111
6	Block 'D'	115
7	Block 'E'	115
8	Block 'F'	117
9	Block 'G'	120
10	The Dock	123
Chapter VIII	The Cemetary	137
1	Locations	137
2	Burials and structural phases	138
3	Strata	138
4	Burial practices	140
5	Grave goods	143
6	Sex and age	144
7	Chopping marks	145
8	Trephination	145
9	Date of the burials	146
10	Ethnic affinities	146
11	Observational report on the skeleton in their in situ position	147
Chapter IX	Decipherent of the Indus Script	170
Chapter X	The Harappan Religions
1	Introduction
2	Cults
3	Funerary practices
4	Knowledge of rice and horse
5	Conclusion
Chapter XI	Trade and Transport	221
1	Merchandise	221
2	Organisation of trade	222
3	Mechanisms of long distance trade	224
4	Transport	225
Chapter XII	Social Aspects	227
Chapter XIII	Lothal and Mesopotamia	230
1	Evidence of trade contacts	232
2	Cultural contacts	237
Chapter XIV	Conclusion	239
1	Origin of the Harappa Civilization	239
2	Authors of the Harappa Civilization	246
3	End of the Harappa Civilization	251
	Postscript
1	Harappan script a mixed writing	261
2	Morphic structure	262
3	Indus and Semitic scripts	263
4	Problems of reconstruction of the Harappan language	264
5	Explanation of Figure 36E	265
6	Transcription and transliteration of inscription (plates CXXV-CXXVII)	267

Volume II

Chapter XV	Human Skeleton Remains from Lothal
1	Introduction	269
2	Condition of the bones	269
3	The Skeletons	270
4	Population	274
5	The Crania	274
6	Ethnic Affinities	289
7	Some Special Features	295
8	List of Lothal Skeletal remains	297
9	References	304
Chapter XVI	Seals and Sealing
1	Introductory	305
2	Seals	306
3	Sealings	319
4	Motifs	322
5	Indus Signs	323
Chapter XVII	The Pottery
1	Introductory	334
2	Main ceramic types	337
3	Painting	344
4	Pottery of Period A	351
5	Period B	418
6	Burial Pottery	452
7	Pottery of foreign origin	454
8	Miniature vessels	456
9	Graffitti	458
10	Report on pottery from Lothal	461
Chapter XVIII	Terracotta Objects
1	Introductory	475
2	Human Figurines	476
3	Animal Figures	481
4	Tools and Instruments	497
5	Household Objects	502
6	Gamesmen and Toys	502
7	Personal Ornaments	514
8	Other Terracotta Objects	517
Chapter XIX	Copper and Bronze Object
1	Introductory	520
2	Technique	520
3	Source	524
4	Tools and Weapons	529
5	Personal Ornaments	533
6	Animal Figurines	534
7	Miscellaneous Objects	535
Chapter XX	Stone Objects
1	Introductory	555
2	Objects of Domestic Use	555
3	Tools and Weapons	556
4	Weights	560
5	Stone Anchors	565
Chapter XXI	Beads
1	Introductory	580
2	Matrial	583
Chapter XXII	Other Finds
1	Faience Objects	609
2	Steatite Objects	612
3	Shell Objects	614
4	Bone Objects	624
5	Ivory Objects	626
6	Gold Objects	632
Chapter XXIII	Animal Remains from Lothal Excavations
1	Introduction	636
2	Systematic Account of animal remains	637
3	References	648
4	Explanation of plates	648
Chapter XXIV	Report on the Chemical Analysis and Examinations of Metallic and Other Object, from Lothal
1	Copper and Bronze Object	651
2	Faience and Steatite Specimens from Lothal	661
3	Specimens of Gold from Lothal	664
4	Plaster with Plant Impressions from Lothal	665
Chapter XXV	Plant Remains from Lothal
1	Introduction	667
2	Material	667
3	Method of Study	668
4	Results of Study and Identification	669
5	Discussion	678
6	Summary	683
7	Acknowledgements	683
8	Explanation of plates	683
	Appendix	685
	Index	705

Sample Pages
Volume I

Volume II