{"product_id":"evolution-of-social-structures-in-india-through-ages-set-of-5-books-nag298","title":"Evolution of Social Structures in India through the Ages (Set of 5 Books)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAG298\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/fr\/book-publisher\/indira%20gandhi%20national%20open%20university\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Indira Gandhi National Open University\"\u003eIndira Gandhi National Open University\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2009\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e220\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003ePaperback\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e11 inch X 8 inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e560 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locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 7\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 8\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"9\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"heading 9\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 4\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 5\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 6\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 7\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 8\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"39\" name=\"toc 9\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"35\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"caption\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"10\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Title\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"1\" name=\"Default Paragraph Font\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"11\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Subtitle\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"22\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Strong\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"20\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"59\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Table Grid\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Placeholder Text\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"1\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"No Spacing\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Revision\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"34\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"List Paragraph\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"29\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Quote\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"30\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" qformat=\"true\" name=\"Intense Quote\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 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2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"69\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"70\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"71\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"72\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"73\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"60\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"61\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"62\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"63\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"64\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"65\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"66\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"67\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\u003e\u003c\/lsdexception\u003e \u003clsdexception locked=\"false\" priority=\"68\" semihidden=\"false\" unhidewhenused=\"false\" name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 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style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003eAbout the Book\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:107.75pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-line-height-alt:10.05pt\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eBook 1: Introductory\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eBook 2: Culture in Transition\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eBook 3: Early Historic Societies: 6\u003csup\u003eth\u003c\/sup\u003e Century B.C. to 4\u003csup\u003eth\u003c\/sup\u003e Century A.D.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eBook 4: Early Medieval Societies\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eBook 5: Medieval Society-1\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003eBook 1: Introductory\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eHistory is a continuous process of a dialogue between the present and the past, the historian and her\/his sources. It is this basic process that allows an interpretative process to happen. Thus the issue of context then takes a primacy in such a dialogue. In the introductory bloc we thus begin the process with the first basic premise of any historical dialogue, the sources of history.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThe first unit of block one deals with the reconstruction of the ancient society with specific reference to the sources of history. The emphasis in this unit is on sources. The pertinent question in the entire write up is with regard to the nature of the source. What is or rather what constitutes a source is one of the most discussed issues in debates over what is history.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eAs E.H. Carr has argued, a source is what a historian can make out to be. Given such a wide-ranging framework, it indeed becomes important to deal with what constitutes a source of history in a precise manner. The sources of history are rather well known, and they range from the epigraphy and numismatics to archaeology and texts. The moot question really is as to how to interpret the source and from which perspective. It is this issue that has been dealt with extensively in the first unit with regard to the sources mentioned above. The contested territory in the field of history is the interpretative regime, the various strands of interpretations that constitute a historical write-up. Though all the history is interpretative, the question of context cannot be left aside; historical interpretation cannot be left in the domain of total relativity. Thus we can now decisively question the colonial interpretation of our past as well as the historical interpreting of the same by some obscurantist forces. This is so because the historical interpretation is a serious endeavor where the interpretative regime has to be grounded in the multicausal contemporary evidence. The first unit deals with all those issues.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eWe then move on to the realm of the neolithic 'revolution', the domestication of the plants and animals and away from the original affluent society that the hunting gathering stage was to the early farming societies. It is a misconception perpetuated by the colonial anthropology that equated the 'tribal' society with the hunting and gathering stage of the evolution of the society. As Professor Shereen Ratnagar has aptly argued that this stage of society is reached only with the domestication of plants and animals and the beginning of settlements, an event that has been linked to the emergence of what \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eIS \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003enow known as the 'tribal' society.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003ePastoralism has been a neglected field of study in the South Asian context. This lack of interest however is slightly offset in the context of the pre and proto-historical phases of our past. Pastoralisni refers to that segment of society that is totally dependent for its food on its herds. We do get evidences of pastoralism in the pro to historic stage of our past, but a lot needs to be done in that area. We also need to understand that pastoralism and agriculture are not to be posited as binary \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eopposites,\u003c\/span\u003e rather both together constitute a subsistence regime, where one may be a predominant element. That pastoralism is an important element that influenced the unfolding of the past to the present is something that cannot be denied.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThe Harappan culture constitutes the first wave of Urbanization in the sub-continent. It was truly a Bronze Age culture. Excavations at Mohanjodaro, Harappa, Lothal, Kalibangan and many other sites have unfolded the complex nature of the society and polity of the Harappan phase. The distinctive sense of the culture can be analyzed in the form of the uniform systems of weights and measures and the consolidated nature of artifacts that constituted the truly mature Harappan phase.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003eBook 2: Culture in Transition\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThis Block contains the following four units:\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUnit 1 Societies reflected in \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003evedic\u003c\/span\u003e literature: Kinship, Varna and Jari, ritual forms of property, ideology and social structure;\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUnit 2 Iron \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eage\u003c\/span\u003e cultures;\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUnit 3 Socio-religious ferment in north-India: Buddhism and Jainism; and\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUnit 4 Emergence of Buddhist central and peninsular India.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThe first phase of urbanization comes to an end with the decline and the transformation of the Harappan culture. This also marks the phase of the beginnings of the early history. We do still rely on the archaeological sources here, but now we get the textual sources, the Rigveda and a host of the Vedic literature, the epics and the early Buddhist and Jain sources along with the first epigraphic data and the inscriptions of the Mauryan king Asoka. This Block covers the timeline that starts with almost 1500 BC and ends around the third century AD. It also locates the beginning of the second phase of urbanization in the Indian Subcontinent and the emergence of powerful thought processes. \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eThe Vedic, Buddhist and the Jain streams in the Indian social context.\u003c\/span\u003e It oversees the transformation of a lineage society into a state system and then the emergence of the imperial domains. It in effect also analyses the transformation of a society from its 'tribal' phase to a more complex caste based system. It also looks at the transformations of chalcolithic cultures to \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eiron age\u003c\/span\u003e. However, the term iron-age can be controversial as the advent of metal and its use mayor may not herald the beginning of a transformative processes. \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eFinally, this Block analyses the' emergence of Buddhism and Jainism as two extremely important and powerful forces in the Indian subcontinent.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThe first Unit in the Block gives an overview of the society as reflected in the textual sources. However the Unit also considers the archaeological sources and does attempt a logical link between the two. This Unit discusses the nature of society from around 1500 BC to about 800 BC in terms of social structures, religious forms, economy and polity. It further analyses the \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003evedic\u003c\/span\u003e literature in terms of the nature of the sources as well the historical information that can be culled out of it. The gradual transformative \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003eprocesses of a society from being cattle pastoralists to a more settled life of an agrarian economic base is\u003c\/span\u003e also described. The various lineage groups vying with each other \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003ewas\u003c\/span\u003e a hallmark of the so-called 'tribal society' of that period. We get to learn the conflicts and their resolutions, and the way the society was reflected in the sources both textual and archaeological. The unit also touches on the issue of the 'aryans', a linguistic term and a problem that cannot be resolved easily.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThe next unit is about the' iron age'. In the context of early India, the use of iron is linked to an argument regarding the change-in the lineage society itself and that it, amongst other things paved the way for the early state formation in the gangetic valley and ushered in the second phase of urbanization in the sub continent. This unit discusses the spread, use and implications of the same in the context of the 'iron age' in India. It looks at a period that is dated from about 1000 BC to about 100 AD. It is in this timeline that the iron technology spreads in the sub-continent and peninsular India. One major point made in the unit is the weak link between the technology and the state, as opposed to the Bronze Age. We also need to understand that the so-called 'iron age' has been questioned in terms of the use and spread of technology itself.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003eBook 3: Early Historic Societies: 6\u003csup\u003eth\u003c\/sup\u003e Century B.C. to 4\u003csup\u003eth\u003c\/sup\u003e Century A.D.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThis block deals with a conglomeration of themes. We hope to illustrate the nature of early historic societies through them. The first unit i.e. Unit 8 deals with what is called the second urbanisation in India. It seeks to familiarise you with the nature of this urbanisation and show you how in this process merchants and artisans emerged as distinct social groups. The unit will also cover the process of formation of guilds as distinct organisation of merchants, artisans and craftsmen, which emerged in this period. We will also show you how the caste system accommodated different groups, which came up in this period and strengthened itself. Unit 9 deals with the vexed question of Chaityas and Viharas and their interaction with tribal groups. It examines the general social milieu within which Chaityas and Viharas get established. Then it investigates the notion of a tribe. Finding evidence of the interaction with tribes insufficient it posits that we need greater commitment to research to find such linkages. The Unit 10 on early Tamil society takes us southwards and examines the Tamil region and its cultures in some detail. It brings out the valuable evidences of Hero stones to highlight the importance of the cult of hero worship in the early historical society in the Tamil region. Unit 11 focuses on the diverse practices of marriage by comparing the Vedic and the Buddhist sources. How the practice of Marriage was influenced by the changing notions of Vama and Jati is further examined in this unit.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003eBook 4: Early Medieval Societies\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThis Block deals with the story of the move towards Early Medieval Societies. We start with the transition of Early Medieval Societies and the related debates. The question of Urban Decline is discussed with the help of views of different scholars on this theme. The next two Units deal with proliferation and consolidation of castes and jatis in this period and with the question of religion in society. The discussions take into account varieties of local developments. The meta-generalisations are treated with a healthy questioning attitude in these Units and the regional and local is brought into focus.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003eBook 5: Medieval Society-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"margin-right:107.75pt;mso-line-height-alt:10.05pt\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThe village in India has always been the focus of various social, political, economic and academic discussions. It has been usually perceived that the clue to the understanding of Indian society lies in the village. The centrality of villages in Indian history can be seen in the administrative reports of the colonial administrators, political philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, the pragmatic reports of early government officers' and writings of various sociologists, anthropologists and historians. The discussions have been usually on the themes of village community, system of land tenures, structure of landed relations and rights and the nature of rural \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003esociety,\u003c\/span\u003e The ideas of the Indian village that we come across in these writings are varied:\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003ea)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eIndian villages are seen as idyllic communities, characterized by brotherhood and equality. The idea of village solidarity and collectiveness is strongly embedded in the rural society.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eb)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eIndian villages are self-sufficient and are not dependant on any kind of economic interactions with the outside world.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003ec)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThe villages are characterized by static, unchanging rural societies and the changes outside the village boundaries have no effect within the village. Therefore, the village is an isolated unit and inward looking.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003ed)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThe village has been primarily a revenue extracting unit. \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003efor\u003c\/span\u003e the state. Therefore, the relationship between the village and the state is based on the mechanisms of surplus extraction only.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eHowever, the various inscriptions, records, and documents of the \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003evi\u003c\/span\u003e lIage and the state in the pre-rnodern period clearly reflect the complex nature of the village and the rural society. The rural society was not only sensitive to the changes within the village, it was also responding and reacting to the changes and developments outside the village, the larger milieu in which it was situated. Neither was it self-sufficient, interactions were taking place beyond the village boundaries with the neighbouring as well as far off villages on an extensive scale. Various studies have termed the villages as \"little communities\" having constant interaction with \"greater communities\" and both are considered to be necessary for each other's existence. Social inequity and not equality was the characteristic feature of the village society. The \u003cspan class=\"GramE\"\u003erelations between the rural classes was\u003c\/span\u003e based upon caste, class, and power structures,' primarily related to land, and thus creating a complex agrarian hierarchy, that was both complementary and contradictory.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eIn this Block we will discuss the rural society and its various aspects and what do they reflect on the nature of the village itself in the medieval period. The subject matter of this Block will revolve around:\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e1) Historiography on the nature of village, rural society and the village community\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e2)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eVillage Community\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e3)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eCharacteristics of the rural society\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e4)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eRural society in North India\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e5)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eRural society in Deccan\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e6)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eRural society in South India\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eWe will try to analyse various components within these themes to present you an outline of the rural society and village community in medieval India.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:107.75pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-line-height-alt:10.05pt\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:107.75pt; margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:4.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; mso-line-height-alt:10.05pt\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eContents\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ctable class=\"MsoTableGrid\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-border-insideh:none;mso-border-insidev:none\"\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eBlock \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:58.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e1 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eIntroductory\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:1\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 1\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eReconstructing Ancient Society with Special Reference to Sources\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:2\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 2\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eHunting-Gathering, Early Farming Society, Pastoralism\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e16\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:3\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 3\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eHarappan Civilization and Other Chalcolithic Cultures\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e26\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:4\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003eBlock \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:52.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e2 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 15.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eCultures in Transition\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:5\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 4\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eSocieties Represented in Vedic Literature\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:6\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 5\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eIron Age Cultures\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e14\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:7\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 6\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eSocio-Religious Ferment in North India: Buddhism and Jainism\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e24 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:8\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 7\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eEmergence of Buddhist Central and Peninsular India\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e33\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:9\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eSuggested Readings\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e42 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:10\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003eBlock \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:58.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e3 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 15.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eEarly Historic Societies: 6th Century B.C. To 4th Century A.D.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:11\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 8 \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUrban Classes: Traders and Artisans, Extension of Agricultural Settlements\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e5 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:12\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 9 \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eChaityas, Viharas and their Interaction with Tribal Groups\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e13 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:13\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 10\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eEarly Tamil Society - Regions and their Cultures and Cult of Hero Worship\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 15.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e19 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:14\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 11\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eMarriage and Family Life, Notions of Untouchability, Changing Patterns in Varna and Jati\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e33 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:15\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eSuggested Readings\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e42 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:16\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 52.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003eBlock \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:52.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e4 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eEarly Medieval Societies\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:17\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 12 \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eTransition to Early Medieval Societies\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e5 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:18\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 13 \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eThe Problem of Urban Decline: Agrarian Expansion, Land Grants and Growth) If Intermediaries\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e13 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:19\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 14\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eProliferation and Consolidation of Castes and Jatis\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e20 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:20\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 15\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eReligion in Society \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e27\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:21\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eSuggested Readings\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e38\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:22\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 58.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"\u003eBlock \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size:58.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e5 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eMedieval Society-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:23\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eHistoriography of the Rural Society \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:24\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 16 \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eVillage Community\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:25\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 17 \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eRural Society: North India\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e17\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:26\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eUNIT 18\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eRural Society: Peninsular India\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e31\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow:27;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes\"\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:59.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"426\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:319.15pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003eSuggested Readings\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"31\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width:23.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\"\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u003e50\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003cp class=\"Style\" style=\"text-align:justify\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44615037223213,"sku":"NAG298","price":41.2,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nag298.jpg?v=1677720724","url":"https:\/\/occultnthings.com\/fr\/products\/evolution-of-social-structures-in-india-through-ages-set-of-5-books-nag298","provider":"Occult-N-Things","version":"1.0","type":"link"}