The Great Buddha's Noble Teachings- The Origin & Spread of Vipassana

This book contains the photographs of the beautiful paintings in the picture gallery at the Global Vipassana Pagoda, as well as the associated stories about important incidents from the life of the Buddha. A vast amount of information is availabie about the many monks, nuns, laymen and laywomen who benefited from Vipassana during the lifetime of the Buddha and also helped many others in coming out of their suffering. If one were to make a TV serial about the life of the Buddha along with his previous lives, it would run into more than 1000 episodes. This publication gives only an outline of the origin and spread of the great technique of Vipassana, discovered and taught by that supreme man, the Buddha.

In India, there are many misunderstandings about the Buddha. Many believe that he is called a ‘bhagavan’ because he was an incarnation of God Almighty. The truth is that he discovered Vipassana and used it to totally rid himself of all craving, aversion and ignorance; and thus became a ‘bhagava’ or ‘bhagavan’ (literally, one who has totally destroyed one’s craving, aversion and ignorance).

After some time, his teaching started being called ‘Buddhism’ and his followers ‘Buddhists’. In reality, he only taught Dhamma. Those who followed his teaching were called dhammiko, dhammi, dhammacari, dhammavihari and not ‘Buddhists’. Buddhism and Buddhists are associated with a sect. The Buddha never formed a sect. He was against sectarianism. The word for Buddhism bauddha is not found in any text until centuries after the Buddha. In Pali there is no parallel word to bauddha.

There are so many other misconceptions about the Buddha which need to be removed in order to bring the reality to light. Otherwise, one would remain confused and not understand the truth. This publication will not remove all misconceptions, but should certainly help in removing some.

Why did Prince Siddhattha renounce royal comforts, his beautiful young wife and newborn baby and choose the difficult life of an ascetic? He had no quarrel with his family members and didn’t leave them due to tensions as a consequence of any quarrel. He had loving relations with all of them. Therefore, when he discovered the universal path of liberation from suffering, he shared this knowledge with his family and relatives in addition to innumerable suffering people of the world.

The sole purpose of his search was to discover the true cause of suffering and the right means for its eradication. He spent six years of his life making strenuous effort to discover the truth and he finally found the real solution to this problem. Pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu—the truth that he had never heard before manifested itself.

This truth was not prevalent in society nor was it being practised in the spiritual field. How then could he have heard of it? From whom could he have heard of it? Let us take a look at what was prevalent as the truth in the spiritual traditions in India during the Buddha’s time. Let us also look at the truth discovered by him which, far from being popular, was not even known? -

In almost all traditions in those days, the belief was that the six sense doors (eyes, nose, ear, tongue, body and mind) constantly come in contact with their respective sense objects (form, odour, sound, taste, touch and thoughts). Because of this contact, one constantly generates tanh—craving to preserve and increase what is pleasant and aversion to get rid of what is unpleasant.

Whenever craving or aversion arises due to contact, suffering arises. Craving or aversion comes with suffering. Thus, the commonly held belief was that when the sense doors come.in contact with sense objects, one should not generate tanha craving or aversion. On coming in contact with sense objects, one should not react with craving or aversion.

The Buddha understood that this is only the apparent truth and "Not the ultimate truth. It is partial truth, not the complete truth. Purtial truth can only yield partial benefit, not full benefit.

When the six sense doors, that is, the six sense organs come in contact with their respective objects (sayatana paccaya phasso) sensation arises in the body (phassa paccaya vedana) and when the sensation is experienced, craving (tanha) arises (vedana paccaya tanha).

Clearly, if we are not aware of phassa paccaya vedana—the sensations that arise as a result of contact—we are ignoring the deep root and getting entangled in the superficial branches.

We should be aware of the bodily sensation that arises as a result of contact and should remain equanimous towards it. When we do so, we start getting liberated from craving and aversion at the root level of the mind. Whatever the outward object (causing craving or aversion), it seems that when we come in contact with this object, we perceive it as desirable and generate craving towards it or perceive it as undesirable and generate aversion towards it. However, this is not the actual truth. It is only apparent truth. The key to true freedom from craving and aversion is to know the actual truth and to maintain equanimity while remaining aware of it. We must gain freedom from vedand paccayda tanha. This is the auspicious path of attaining liberation from craving in reality. This is the beneficial teaching of Vipassana. This is the knowledge that leads to release from all suffering.

An example: a certain person who joined a Vipassana retreat was afraid of the sound of the barking of dogs. He was an educated young man. At the intellectual level he understood quite well that his was a secure lodging. He was sleeping in a closed room. A dog was barking somewhere in the neighbourhood. It could not even come near him. Then why should he be afraid? Yet, this understanding is only intellectual. The fact is that he would be afraid as soon as he heard the sound of a dog barking. Who could convince him at the level of reality and how? Fortunately, he joined a Vipassana course. He started experiencing the sensations encountered during the course. By practice he learnt to remain equanimous towards bodily sensations. His fear of a dog’s barking automatically disappeared. The fear was contained in the bodily sensations. Once he learnt to be equanimous towards those sensations, his fear disappeared.

Several people who come to learn Vipassana have addictions such as addiction to alcohol, heroin, gambling, sexual misconduct etc. Because of their attachment, they are unable to come out of their addictions even if they wish to. Actually, the addiction is not to any substance but to the bodily sensation that comes from the use of that substance. Because they do not know the real cause of their suffering, they remain a slave to their addictions and commit wrong actions, thereby producing suffering for themselves, now and in the future.

If one commits wrong actions of body and speech, a storm of defilements will arise in the mind and make him agitated. In order to get release from this, the Buddha discovered the technique of Vipassana. To clarify it, he discovered and explained certain laws of nature.

The first one, mentioned above, is that as soon as any of the sense organs come in contact with their respective objects, some sensation manifests itself in the body. Another fact is that we react with craving or aversion towards this very sensation. It is only by discovering this previously unknown truth that the inner eye, the eye of knowledge, the eye of wisdom arose in him and he attained knowledge, attained enlightenment; the light manifested itself. The Bodhisatta became a sammasambuddha.

Two thousand and six hundred years ago, without the aid of modern scientific devices, solely by means of his mental power, this super-scientist of the spiritual world realized the truth that there is no solidity in our apparently gross body and in the entire material world. This solidity is only the apparent truth, the manifest truth. It appears to be so. The ultimate truth is that everything in the material world is made up of innumerable tiny little sub-atomic particles, which are so minute that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. He termed them kalapa. Even this kalapa is not permanent, not solid. Every moment it undergoes combustion-oscillation.

Sabbo pajjalito loko, sabbo loko pakampito.

(Samyuttanikayo, 1.168, Upacalasuttam)

They keep arising and passing away in the wavelets of these oscillations—uppddavayadhammino.

Arising and passing away, this impermanence is their true nature, their dhamma. The mind and mental concomitants also have the same impermanent nature.

Within the time that it takes to blink, they arise and pass away many trillions of times. This creates an illusion that they are constant and permanent.

Sensations are produced in the body even because of this rapid activity of arising and passing away in the body and mind. Another truth of nature manifests itself

Vedanasamosarana sabbe dhamma.

The mental concomitants (cetasikas) that the mind contains are called ‘dhamma’. The law of nature is that whatever mental concomitants arise in the mind, they start flowing in the body in the form of a sensation.

Sensations are also produced by the interaction of body and mind, due to posture, environment and food.

Mind

Besides the above causes for the arising of sensations, different sensations arise at different times due to the four mental aggregates: vififiana (consciousness that cognizes), safifid (perception that recognizes and evaluates), vedana (the sensation), sankhdra (conditioning in response to the sensation).

Body

Besides the mind, there are four elements of the body: earth, fire, water and air. Different sensations associated with these keep arising time and again.

Among these various types of sensations, two types of sensations are generally predominant—pleasant or unpleasant. They are instantly experienced by the deepest level of the subconscious mind. If the sensation is perceived as pleasant, a reaction of craving occurs and if it is perceived as unpleasant, there is a reaction of aversion. These reactions are our sankharas. Many of these sankharas (kammas) tend to grow stronger at the depth of the mind.

Some of these sankharas are very feeble, like a line drawn on water; as one is drawing the line, it fades away. Some of these are like lines drawn on sand; they fade away in a short while. But some lines are like those drawn on hard rock with a chisel and hammer; they don’t fade away for years.

Among these sankharas some are unwholesome and some are wholesome. Unwholesome sankharas lead us to the lower worlds and wholesome sankhdras lead us to higher, divine worlds. Sankhdras that are not very deep-rooted remain on the surface level of the mind. The sankharas that have strong and deep roots are connected with the innermost mind.

Due to lack of understanding, we frequently repeat certain feeble, unwholesome sankhdras and make them intense and deep. Consequently, we make our present and future more miserable.

These discoveries of the Buddha were not intended to merely satisfy intellectual curiosity. Rather, his purpose was to find the right means of eradicating suffering with the help of these truths. So he discovered the technique of Vipassana which gives results here and now. One learns how not to react towards sensations and to remain equanimous. From then on to this day, it has liberated innumerable people from suffering.