Tribal Labour and Employment (Tribal Life in India) (Volume-5)

The tribal societies have their own tradition of living. They manage their affairs in their own social structure. Long before, they chiefly depended upon hunting and food gathering but with the pressure of population, they gradually took to agriculture and started cottage industries. After independence, when a lot of large industries were established in the tribal areas, they also got opportunities to work in them as unskilled labourers. But inspite of immense efforts of the government, the benefits of economic development have not properly reached the tribal people.

This book deals with the problems of tribal workers and tries to search opportunities for their employment in different fields. It studies tribal labour and planning for their full employment.

Dr. Devendra Thakur (b. 1939), D.Litt., was formerly Professor in L.N. Mishra College of Business Management, P.G. Deptt., B.B.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur. He was Ex-Member, Bihar College Service Commission. He has taught Economics, Co-operation and Extension in the Rural Institute of Higher Studies, Birauli for more than a decade. He completed his Ph.D. in 1970 and D.Litt. in 1989. He was awarded post-Doctoral fellowship by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India to study problems relating to Tribals.

He visited Naples, Italy, on Italian Government. Scholarship to study plan implementation course. A number of articles written by him on Socio- Economic and Political problems have been published in reputed journals of and also dozens of talks have been broadcast by him from A.I.R., Patna. He is also author of a number of outstanding books.

Dr. D.N. Thakur is M.A. in Hindi, English, Prakrit and Jainology and Ph.D. on the subject "Trends of Traditions of Indian Semantics". He has been a dedicated teacher and always endeavoured to explore new areas of study in different fields of knowledge including socio-economic development of Indian Tribes. Moreover, Dr. Thakur has assisted a lot of South-East Asian research scholars in fulfilment of their works on different subjects. He is still devoted to serve humanity through his writings.

The tribal societies have their own tradition of living. They manage their affairs in their own social structure. Long before, they chiefly depended upon hunting and food gathering but with pressure of population, they gradually took to agriculture and the started cottage industries. After independence, when a lot of industries were established in the tribal areas, they also got opportunities to work in them as unskilled labourers. But, inspite of immense efforts of the Government, the benefits of economic development have not properly reached the tribal people.

With richness and variety of culture, the tribal people form a significant part of the great Indian tradition. More than six hundred tribal communities are spread all over India. At all India level, it has been assessed that about 56 per cent of the tribals are workers excluding 21 per cent women workers.

The present volume, Tribal Labour and Employment' deals with the problems of tribal workers and tries to search opportunities for their employment in different fields. The first chapter of this volume presents a historical review of the tribal labour, while the second one includes their problems. A significant part of the tribes, works as agriculture labour which has been analysed in the third chapter. Tribal workers engaged in industries form the subject-matter of the fourth chapter and fifth and sixth chapters comprises the women workforce among the tribes. In the seventh chapter, endeavours have been made to co-relate entrepreneurship with tribal people. Chapter eight deals with rural child Co-operatives and the tribal workers have been explained in the chapter nine.

**Contents and Sample Pages**