{"product_id":"ayurvedic-pharmacopoeia-of-india-part-ii-volume-i-formulations-nac373","title":"The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (Part-II, Volume-I) Formulations","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAC373\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/it\/book-publisher\/government%20of%20india%20ministry%20of%20health%20and%20family%20welfare%20department%20of%20ayurveda%20yoga%20naturopathy%20unani%20siddha%20and%20homoeopathy%20new%20delhi\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Ayurveda, Yoga \u0026amp; Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy, New Delhi\"\u003eGovernment of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Ayurveda, Yoga \u0026amp; Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy, New Delhi\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2008\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9878190115155\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e321\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e11.4 Inch X 8.5 Inch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e1.18 kg\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eFrom the Jacket \u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Pt. 11 (formulations) Vol. 1 is a legal document of standards for the quality of Ayurvedic formulations included therein (under the Drug and Cosmetic Act, 1940). This volume comprises 50 monographs on compound formulations; Each monograph contains the definition, formulation composition, indicating the official Ayurvedic name equivalent Botanical name, part used, and their proportion in the formulation. This also includes method of preparation and description of the product. The identification of product includes microscopy of the ingredients, Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) and chemical tests. The physico-chemical parameter contains loss of drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extractives, water soluble extractives, pH etc. The indications, therapeutic uses and daily dose along with Anupan is also indicated in the monograph.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e This volume is first publication of its kind, wherein the pharmacopoeial standards of multiple ingredients formulations have been scientifically described. The standards have been consciously kept modest so that the implementation by the manufacturing companies becomes easily acceptable in order to maintain quality control and batch to batch Ayurveda uniformity. However, the efforts of the manufacturer should be to maintain higher standards of quality than described in this book.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The appendix of this volume contains the details of protocol used in the determination of various scientific standards as well as methods of testing. References of the Ayurvedic literature in its original form arc also added in order to authenticate the Ayurvedic standards referred in each monograph. In the appendix, Ayurvedic definition and method of Sodhana etc. are also given. This book in general is more user friendly for the manufactures, scientists and students, teachers involved in the standardization of Ayurvedic formulations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e This book is included in the first schedule of Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. Manufacturers are required to follow pharmacopoeial standards and these are mandatory requirements under the Act. Users are welcome to give their suggestions on these monographs so that these suggestions are evaluated and followed in the forthcoming volumes of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part II (formulations).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e The Drugs \u0026amp; Cosmetics Act, 1940 was amended in 1964 to bring within its purview the drugs of Indian Systems of Medicine (Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha). For the implementation of the Act and Rules framed the reunder it was considered necessary to work out the standards for the drugs of these systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Ayurvedic materia medica contains a large number of formulations, most \u0026amp; which are compound formulations. Accordingly, the Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health \u0026amp; Family Welfare, realised the need for developing pharmacopoeial standards for the Ayurvedic formulations and initiated a project on the “Development of standards of method of preparation, pharmacopoeial standards and shelf life studies of Ayurvedic classical compound formulations”. The Standardisation of Method of Preparation (SMP) of compound formulations involves many basic sciences like Ayurvedic pharmacy, Pharmaceutics, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. Considering the depth of scientific knowledge and skills involved the expertise of many reputed laboratories of the CSIR, PLIM, CCRAS and other laboratories of Universities and ASU manufacturing units were roped in for this effort in 2003. Publication of this Volume-I of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-Il (Formulations) is in a sense culmination of the process which was started in 2003. The work of these laboratories was closely monitored by a group of experts of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee at regular intervals.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e This volume is a result of untiring effort and hard work of scientists from different laboratories and members of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee and I place on record me appreciation of Department of AYUSH for their efforts. The First volume of the pharmacopoeial standards of compound Ayurvedic formulations has provided lot of learning t a the collaborating scientists and tam sure they will utilise the expertise gained for completing the work of laying down pharmacopoeial standards for most widely used classical Ayurvedic formulations in the next two years. I am confident that chromatographic ‘fingerprints of Ayurvedic compound formulations would be made more precise.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e I am certain that Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-Il, Volume-II will be welcomed by scientists and researchers, regulatory authorities and Ayurvedic manufacturing units alike and their suggestions for improvement in the subsequent editions would prove very valuable.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Introduction The Ayurvedic system of medicine has been prevalent in India since the Vedic period, and still remains the mainstay of medical relief to over 60 per cent of the population of the nation. In earlier times the practitioners of Ayurveda (Vaidya) were themselves collecting herbs and other ingredients and preparing medicines. For the purpose of acquiring• raw materials Vaidyas now depend on commercial organizations trading in crude herbal drugs. Likewise, with passage of time a number of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical units have came up for the manufacture of Ayurvedic drugs and formulations on commercial scale. Under the circumstances and responding to opinions of the scientific community after independence, the Govt. of India began a series of measures to introduce a quality control system, from 1964 onwards similar to that existing already under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, for western medicine. The Government of India introduced an amendment in 1964 to the Drug and Cosmetics Act 1940, to control to a limited measure the Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani drugs. The Act was accordingly amended in 1964, to ensure only a limited control over the production and sale of Ayurvedic medicines namely:- i. The manufacture should be carried out under prescribed hygienic conditions, under the supervision of a person having prescribed qualifications; ii. The raw materials used in the preparation of drugs should be genuine and properly identified; and iii. The formula or the true list of all the ingredients contained in the drugs should be displayed on the label of every container. To start with, development of standards for the identity, purity and strength of single drugs and those of formulations at a later stage, assumed importance for the effective enforcement of the provision of the Act. If the raw materials to be used in a medicine and stage- by-stage processes of manufacturers are standardised, the final product namely, the compound formulation could be expected to conform to uniform standards. The requirement that the list of ingredients be displayed on the label will enable analysts to verify label claims. It will also ensure that the manufacture do not make false claim. Arrangements to evolve and lay down physical, chemical and biological standards, wherever even necessary, to identify the drugs and ascertain their quality and to detect adulterations are an urgent necessity of the profession. Setting up of Drug Standardisation Units, Research Centres, Drug Testing Institutes and Central Drug Laboratories for Ayurvedic Medicines both at national and regional level for this purpose are therefore, essential. The several Committees appointed by the Government of India to assess and evaluate the status and practice of Ayurvedic Medicine have stressed the importance of preparing an Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, which is precisely a book of standards. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e 1. Ayurveda is the most ancient science of life having a holistic health approach. The preparation of medicines i.e. pharmacy is an integral part of this science, and evolved from a very rudimentary form. In ancient times, the preparation of medicine was part of the practising physician’s functions. The preparation of medicine was limited, selective and at personal level only. Hence the methodology of preparation and quality parameters more or less differed from Vaidya to Vaidya. In Vedic times the practice of medicine was a personal mission without any monetary motive, and exclusively for the recovery of ailing people. Later on, this attitude changed and the profession was followed with a profit motive. The manufacture of Ayurvedic medicines also began on a larger scale. Since the last 40 years Ayurvedic practice has assumed business proportions and the manufacture of Ayurvedic drugs are on a commercial scale.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 2. Ayurvedic science is dynamic and progressive. It gives importance to therapeutic strategy. The four pillars of treatment are said to be the Physician, the Medicine, the Auxiliary Staff and the Patient. In the classics, it is clearly explained that an ideal medicine should have multiple actions, should be available in different dosage forms, should possess all the required attributes suited to a patient to rid him of the disease and be devoid of any adverse effects.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 3. In ancient texts the quality parameters for raw drugs and finished products including compound formulations are well described and moreover this is in practices. It is mentioned how to collect the plant material, auspicious day and specific time with offering prayer to the plant that the material to be procured will be used for the welfare of the humanity.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Procurement of plant material in a particular time has a strong scientific base, like for collection of latex; it is advised to collect latex before sunrise to get good quality and quantity of material. Similarly after procurement of the material, use of plant material after a specific period of storage is described. For example Vidanga (Embilia ribes, seeds) are advise are to be used after one year of its procurement as the percentage of embelin (active phyto-constituents ) will be stable and quantity will be more compared to freshly procured sample. This reflects the quality assurance parameters.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 4. The Ayurvedic pharmaceutical preparations were evolved gradually from a simpler form to more complex forms based on plants and plant—mineral combinations. During early period, particularly in Charakacharya’s time, the pharmaceutical preparations were primarily in five simple forms, which were collectively termed as “Pancavidha Kasaya Kalpanas”. Apart from this, a number of other dosage forms were described in Caraka Samhita such as Asava, Arista, Curna, Avaleha, Ksirapaka, Vataka, Varti, Taila, Ghrta, Lepa, Mantha, Ayaskriti etc. for various purposes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 5. During the period of Susruta also, a few new pharmaceutical preparations and aids were introduced, as for example Ksara, Ksarodaka, Ksarasutra, Masi, Vikesika etc. In Astanga Sangraha and Hrdaya more or less similar pharmaceutical preparations were mentioned as described in the earlier texts like Caraka and Susruta Samhita. During the time of 11th AD, Cakradatta added a few more preparations like Khanda, Parpati etc. The significant contribution of Cakradatta is an elaborate description of Ksarasutra.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 6. Sarngadhara Samhita, which was written during l4 AD, gave new dimensions to Ayurvedic pharmacy. This book is considered as an authoritative text for Ayurvedic pharmacy. Many new pharmaceutical preparations like Malahara, Sukta, Phala Varti etc were defined with explanations. The concept of Phala Varti, though available in Caraka Samhita, its use was extended to urethral and vaginal disorders by Adhamalla.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 7. Later, Yoga Ratnakara introduced a few innovative drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations like Sucikabharana Rasa, which were to be administered in micro quantities into the blood through scratch made by the tip of a needle. A detailed description of Satva, extraction with reference to Guduci Satva was explained, which is a reductionist approach to dosage forms.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 8. During 18th A.D., Bhaisajya Ratnavali listed a few more pharmaceutical preparations like Murchita Taila. Such concepts can also be observed in the commentaries on Aarngadhara Samhita, but the purpose of both the Murchana processes is different. Commentators on Sarngadhara Samhita advised the process of Murchana for removing excess water content and other unwanted residues if any from the formulated oil, while in Bhaisajya Ratnavali the process was advised to be followed in the expressed oil prior to use in the formulation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 9. The numbers of compound formulations are very huge, even more than 75,000, and of varied nature, using plant, mineral and animal sources. Another important characteristic feature of Ayurvedic compound formulations is that of their availability in different dosage forms such as curna, guti, vati, taila, ghrta, kvatha, asava, avaleha, bhasma, parpati, pottali malahara, lepa, panaka etc.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 10. In recent times, even encapsulating an Ayurvedic drug in capsules is prevalent, in harmony with advancement of science and technology. Though this seems to be new to Ayurvedic sciences, the concept of encapsulating has been in tradition since centuries. For example, metallic preparations were embedded in Jaggery or banana, and such other palatable materials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 11. Ayurvedic Compound Formulations are complex in nature. The pharmaceutical processes involve any one or more of the following steps:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 1. Ansuobhedana- Fine cutting\u003cbr\u003e 2. Apakarsapa- Elimination\u003cbr\u003e 3. Abhisavana- Fermentation\u003cbr\u003e 4. Avasincana- Sprinkling\u003cbr\u003e 5. Adityapaka- Sun-cooking\u003cbr\u003e 6. Alodana- Mixing a liquid\u003cbr\u003e 7. Upakodana- Baking of Cakrikas\u003cbr\u003e 8. Kledana- Moistening\u003cbr\u003e 9. Ksodana\/Curnana- Pulverization\u003cbr\u003e 10. Khandasah chedana- Cutting into pieces\u003cbr\u003e 11. Jarjarikarna- Disintegration\u003cbr\u003e 12. Tapana- Heating\u003cbr\u003e 13. Dahana- Burning\u003cbr\u003e 14. Dhupana- Fumigation\u003cbr\u003e 15. Nirvapapa- Dipping in liquid\u003cbr\u003e 16. Niskulikarana- Elimination of seeds\u003cbr\u003e 17. Niskvathana- Boiling\u003cbr\u003e 18. Nispavana- Winnowing\u003cbr\u003e 19. Paripavana\/Galana- Filtration\u003cbr\u003e 20. Paripana- Soaking\u003cbr\u003e 21. Parisravana- Decantation\u003cbr\u003e 22. Pidana- Compression\u003cbr\u003e 23. Pesana- Grinding\u003cbr\u003e 24. Putapaka- Heating in a closed vessel\u003cbr\u003e 25. Praksalana- Washing\u003cbr\u003e 26. Prativapana- Addition\u003cbr\u003e 27. Bharjana- Roasting\u003cbr\u003e 28. Bhavana- Impregnation\u003cbr\u003e 29. Manthana- Churning\u003cbr\u003e 30. Rasagrahana- Extraction\u003cbr\u003e 31. Vipacana- Cooking\u003cbr\u003e 32. Sodhana- Purification\u003cbr\u003e 33. Sosapa- Desiccation\u003cbr\u003e 34. Atapasosapa- Sun-drying\u003cbr\u003e 35. Chayasosapa- Drying in shade\u003cbr\u003e 36. Sadhana- Preparation and\u003cbr\u003e 37. Svedana- Steaming etc.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 12. Any one or more of the above said processes will be integral part of Ayurvedic drug manufacturing. It is a challenging exercise to define and standardize the above processes, and establish quality parameters for different ingredients before and during the manufacturing process as well as for the final product.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 13. At present in the industry, very few generalized quality parameters are adopted. Some pharmaceutical firms may be having their in-house standard method of operations, and quality parameters for finished compound formulations. But there is no uniformity in the operating procedures i.e. in the method of preparations. This is sometimes responsible for one and the same formulation by name having different qualities in the finished products, and not having reproducibility. An effort has been made now to optimize the method of preparation, so that such differences between manufacturer’s products in the market are not beyond reasonable limits.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 14. It was again during the last 100 years of colonial rule that economic conditions in India changed, a process of urbanization began and it was during this period that the Ayurvedic physicians took to cities and lost their contact with forests and drug sources.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e It was during this period that as a consequence of better transport facilities, the crude drug supplying agencies came up and commercial manufacture of Ayurvedic Medicines on mass scale in factories started. These were the inevitable consequences of the socioeconomic changes in the county. The new economic set up was such that the Ayurvedic practitioner could no longer process and prepare his own medicines but had to depend on commercial sources for supply of crude drugs to whatever extent he needed them. There was, in a way, a forced division of professional responsibilities where the vaidya had no choice but to purchase his drugs. Nor had he any means to ascertain the authenticity of the medicines and formulations supplied to him. There was no Governmental control on manufacturers to ensure the quality of the marketed medicines prescribed by vaidyas and administered to their patients.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 15. The conditions prevailing in India prior to Independence were quite discouraging for indigenous medicines to make any progress. But, during the post-independence era, many scientists took active interest in preserving the legacy of Ayurveda and other indigenous systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 16. As an outcome of the first Health Minister’s Conference of 1946, a Committee under the Chairmanship of Lt. Col. R. N. Chopra was appointed in 1946 by the Government of India. It was the Chopra Committee that had first gone into the question of need for proper identification of Ayurvedic medicinal plants as available in the bazaar, control over collection and distribution of crude drugs and made positive recommendations for compilation of an Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. Thereafter, the Dave’ Committee [1955] reiterated the recommendations for compilation of an Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 17. The Government of Bombay was especially interested in the survey of resources of Ayurvedic Drugs, their collection, cultivation, farming, distribution and standardization. They, therefore had appointed a Committee for Standard and Genuine Ayurvedic Herbs and Drugs in 1955 and subsequently after receiving its report, appointed a second committee with fresh set of terms of reference, called the Committee for Standard Ayurvedic Herbs and Drugs in 1957 both under the Chairmanship of Vaidya Bapalal Shah, of which Professor A. N. Namjoshi was the Member Secretary. The Bapalal Committee had very elaborately recommended the compilation Of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia as an urgent prerequisite for effective control of Ayurvedic Drugs to ensure quality assurance: Finally Government of India appointed the “Ayurvedic Research Evaluation Committee”, under the Chairmanship of Dr. K. N. Udupa (1958) which had strongly highlighted the urgency of the compilation of an Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 18. In compliance with some of these recommendations, the Union Government as also some of the State Governments had started taking positive steps. The Government of Bombay State established its Board of Research in Ayurveda, Bombay in 1951, which was subsequently reconstituted in 1955 and 1958. The Government of India established CCRJMH in 1969 for research in all aspects including drug standardization in Indian Medicine \u0026amp; Homeopathy. This Council was divided into 4 research councils in 1978 and the research work in Ayurveda \u0026amp; Siddha was entrusted to the Central Council for Research in Ayurveda \u0026amp; Siddha. The PLIM at Ghaziabad was established in 1970 for testing and standardization of single drugs and compound formulations. Under the auspices of the Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha, several survey units in different States were established and work of standardization of single drugs and compound medicines as also composite research work was initiated. The first Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee was constituted in 1962 under the Chairmanship of Col. Sir Ram Nath Chopra. The Committee was reconstituted in 1972 under the Chairmanship of Prof. A.N.Namjoshi to continue the work of compilation of the Ayurvedic Formulary of India as a pre-requisite for undertaking the work of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The first part of the Ayurvedic Formulary was published in 1978 and the second part in 2000. A revised edition of the first part also brought out in 2003.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 19. After publication of the First and the Second part of the Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part-Ill of the Formulary is under preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 20. The First and Second Part of the Ayurvedic Formulary of India comprising of some 444 and 191 formulations respectively cover more than 351 single drugs of plant origin. This covers about 500 priority drugs of plant origin for which monographs have been evolved and included in several volumes of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 21. As a fallout of the growing interest in the renaissance of Ayurveda and the systematic efforts to investigate into the merits of this ancient science during the post-independence period, it is of significance that the western or modern system of medicine, with its formidable armoury of synthetic drugs, chemo-therapeutic agents and antibiotics, has slowly come to terms with the adverse side effects and toxicity of synthetic drugs. The western world has now turned its attention to traditional medicines based on drugs of natural origin. An appreciation of the basic tenets of Ayurvedic therapeutics, which initially appeared to be rather abstract and difficult to interpret in terms of modern medical sciences, has now emerged, resulting in new branches of pharmacology such as pharmacogenomics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 22. With the introduction of a uniform system of Ayurvedic education all over the country, a process initiated some 50 years ago, there would be some uniformity in the education in pharmacy, pharmaceutical technology, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacognosy and research. With the physician and the patient needing to be assured of the quality of the medicine through research, such an advance in Ayurvedic education would have a positive effect.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 23. In the absence of official standards published by Government for statutory purposes, Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Industry in particular has been experiencing several handicaps in implementing in house standards, as in any case, they need to comply with official standards.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 24. The publication of the Ayurvedic Formulary of India and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India would now enable the Government to implement the Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940 in respect of quality control for the Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani drug manufacturers, distributed and sold in India, under a license granted by it.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 25. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee has laid down standards for single drugs based on experimental data worked out at the PLIM, Ghaziabad and in some of the units of the Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha. Published scientific literature on the subject, although scanty, has also been collected and included after due verification.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 26. The western countries did pass through the same phase over 150 years ago for their medicines, their characteristics, methods of preparation and identity, purity and strength. Research towards this end was vigorous and out of the scientific data contributed by the scientists in research institutes and, industry, the pharmacopoeial monographs of drugs were drafted. As a result pharmacopeiae of the western world show considerable uniformity in principles, approach and information. Thus, while for compilation of the British Pharmacopoeia, information and scientific data was available, for the compilation of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia little information and published data existed and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee had to do a lot of spade work.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 27. The Part I of Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India consists of Vol-I, II, III, IV and V comprising respectively 80, 78, 100, 68 and 92 monographs prescribing standards for Ayurvedic single drugs of plant origin, which go into one or more formulations admitted to the Ayurvedic Formularies of India, Part-I and Part-Il. The Part-Il of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia consists of official standards for 50 compound formulations present in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part-I and Part-II.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 28. The title of the monograph for each compound formulation is given in Samskrit, as in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India. This is followed by the Definition, Formulation Composition, Method of Preparation, a brief Description of the compound formulation, standards for Identity and Purity in so far as they are reflected by microscopy and physico chemical parameters. Other requirements such as tests for heavy metals, microbial content have also been prescribed. Information on therapeutic uses, dose, administration and storage is included. The raw material which complies with the standards of API were selected for developing standards for compound formulations. In a few cases, where such standards were not available, the collaborator developed them and used them as standards for that raw material.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 29. The monograph gives limits under Assay, for any one constituent or group of constituents like total alkaloids or total volatile oils. In the case of water soluble or alcohol soluble extractives a minimum lower limit has been given. For impurities like Ash, Acid insoluble Ash etc, a maximum upper limit has been given. It is a well known fact that there is wide variation in such values for crude drugs of plant origin in respect of their chemical contents. Therefore, such variations had to be taken into consideration in laying down minimum and maximum standards for the compound formulations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 30. The General Notices provide guidance for the manufacturers and analysts. Official details of Apparatus, Reagents and solutions, Methods of tests, preparation of sample for microscopical examination have all been given the Appendices.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 31. The Committee hopes that with the publication of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-Il (Formulations) Vol.-I, comprising of 50 compound formulations, would serve to exercise quality control and help in the implementation of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e It is also expected that such implementation would create a feedback data, which is essential for improving the standards given in the pharmacopoeia.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 32. The Committee urges the Government of India to recommend the adoption of these monographs for the purpose of defining Method of Preparation, Developing Standards for compound formulations for use in their Government, Semi-Government and Government aided institutions and voluntary public organizations. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 2007, Part-II (Formulations), Vol.-l may also be notified by Government as a book of standards for implementation of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 all over India, just as the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India part I, Vol. I, II, III, IV and V have been included in the First Schedule of Drugs \u0026amp; Cosmetics Act 1940.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 33. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee records with deep appreciation the contributions made by the Directors, Officer In-charges, Project Officers and scientific staff of all the collaborating laboratories and Institutions who were associated with the project work on developing Pharmacopoeial Standards for formulations allotted to them.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 34. I am indebted to secretary Department of AYUSI-1, Ms. Anita Das for her constant inspiration and motivation for this unique work. My sincere thanks and credit to Joint Secretary, Department of AYUSH, Sh. Shiv Basant for providing constant support and strategic plan for completion of this first phase of task and momentum to on going work.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 35. It is my duty to place on records our sincere thanks and appreciation to Dept. of AYUSH, Ministry of Health \u0026amp; Family Welfare, Govt. of India; State Governments, Institutions, Councils, Scientists and Ayurvedic Scholars, for their whole hearted cooperation in preparing the monographs on compound formulations. I sincerely thank all members of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee for their dedicated efforts and hard work in finalizing the monographs. My thanks to Prof. S.S. Handa, Chairman; Dr. S.K. Sharma, Vice-Chairman; Miss. S. S Satakopan, Member; Prof. S.K. Dixit, Member; Prof Ved Vrat Sharma, Member; Prof. V.K. Kapoor, Member; Dr.(Ms.) Shanta Mehrotra, Member; Dr. P.D. Sethi, Member; Dr. D.R. Lohar, Member; Prof. M.A. Iyengar, Member; Sh. J. K. Dhing, Member; Dr. J. Mohansundaram, Member; Dr. B. L. Gaur, Member; Prof Siddhinandan Mishra, Member; Dr. P. K. Prajapati, Member; Dr. Narendra Bhatt, Member; Sh. Ranjit Puranik, Member; Prof. V. K. Joshi, Member; Prof. K.C. Chunekar, Member; Vd. Devender Triguna, Member; Dr: M.R. Uniyal, Member; Prof. V.V. Prasad, Member and Dr. Karan Vashisth, Expert member for their constant efforts in bringing out this volume. My thanks are also to Dr. MM Padhi, Deputy Director [Tech.]; Shri. Vasantha Kumar, Asst. Director [Chem.] Dr. Pramila Pant, Research Officer [Chem.], Dr. Rajiv Sharma, Senior Scientific Officer [Pharmacognosy), Sri. Ravinder Singh, Research Officer [Chem.], Dr. Jai Prakash, Research Officer [Chem.], Dr. Chhote Lal, Dr. AKS Bhadoria and Dr. MN Rangne, Dr. Bishnu Priya Dhar, Research Officer [Phar], Dr. Galib, Research Officer [Awl, Dr. K. Sandhya Rani, S.R.F. [Ayu.] and other associated officers, who contributed a lot in finalizing the volume. I am also thankful to Mr. Sandeep Kumar, D.E.O., who took pains in typing and arranging all the technical data into a final shape.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eContents\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"80%\"\u003e Legal Notices\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e xii\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e General Notices\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e xiii\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Preface\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e xxiii\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Introduction\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e xxx\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eMonographs\u003cbr\u003e Avaleha\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e General Description\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1. Astangavaleha (A.F.I.-II)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2. Bhallatakadi Modaka (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 4\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3. Bilvadi Leha (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 7\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 4. Citraka Haritaki (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 10\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5. Cyavanaprasa (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 13\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6. Kalyanaka leha (A.F.I.-II)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 17\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 7. Kusmandaka Rasayana (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 20\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 8. Mrdvikadi lehya (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 23\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 9. Puga Khanda (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 26\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 10. Suranavaleha (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 29\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 11. Vasavaleha (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 32\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 12. Vyaghri Haritaki\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 35\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eCurna:\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e General Description\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 38\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 13. Amalakyadi Curna (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 39\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 14. Avipattikara Curna (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 41\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 15. Balacaturbhadrika Curna (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 43\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 16. Eladi Curna\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 45\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 17. Hingvastaka Curna (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 47\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 18. Navayasa Curna (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 49\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 19. Nimbadi Curna (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 51\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 20. Pancasama Curna (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 53\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 21. Pusyanuga Curna (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 55\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 22. Talisadya Curna (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 57\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 23. Vaisvanara Curna (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 59\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eGhrta:\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e General Description\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 61\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 24. Brahmi Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 63\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 25. Dasamula Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 65\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 26. Dasamulasatpalaka Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 68\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 27. Dhatryadi Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 71\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 28. Jatyadi Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 73\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 29. Kalyanaka Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 75\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 30. Pancagavya Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 78\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 31. Pancatikta Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 80\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 32. Phala Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 82\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 33. Sarasvata Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 85\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 34. Traikantaka Ghrta (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 87\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 35. Triphala Ghrta\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 90\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eGuggulu:\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e General Description\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 93\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 36. Kaisora Guggulu (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 94\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eGutika:\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e General Description\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 97\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 37. Maricadi Gutika (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 98\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eKsara\/Lavana\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e General Description\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 100\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 38. Apamarga Ksara (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 101\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 39. Arka Lavana (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 103\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 40. Kalyanaka Ksara (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 105\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 41. Mulaka Ksara (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 107\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 42. Palasa Ksara (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 109\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 43. Yava Ksara (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 111\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eTaila:\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e General Description\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 113\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 44. Balaguducyadi Taila (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 115\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 45. Dhanvantara Taila (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 117\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 46. Gandharvahasta Tiala (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 120\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 47. Kottamcukkadi Taila (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 122\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 48. Ksirabala Taila (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 124\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 49. Saindhavadi Taila (A.F.I.-I)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 126\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eLepa:\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e General Description\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 128\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 50. Darvi Malahara (Gel)- (Based on Charaka Chi. 25\/93)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 129\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eAppendix- 1. Apparatus for Tests \u0026amp; Assays\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 133\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.1 Nessler Cylinders\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 133\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.2 Sieves\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 133\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.3 Thermometers\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 134\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.4 UV Lamps\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 134\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.5 Volumetric Glassware\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 135\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.6 Weights and Balances\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 135\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.7 Muslim Cloth\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 135\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eAppendix- 2. Tests and Determinations\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 136\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.1 Microscopic Identification\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 136\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2 Determination of Quantitative Data\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 140\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.1 Net Content\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 140\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.2 Foreign Matter\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 140\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.3 Total Ash\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 140\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.4 Acid-Insoluble Ash\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 140\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.5 Water-Soluble Ash\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 140\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.6 Sulphated Ash\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 140\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.7 Alcohol-Soluble Extractive\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 141\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.8 Water-Soluble Extractive\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 141\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.9 Ether-Soluble Extractive (Fixed Oil Content)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 141\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.10 Moisture Content (Loss on Drying)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 141\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.11 Volatile Oil in Drugs\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 142\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.12 Special Processes Used In Alkaloidal Assays\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 143\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.13 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 144\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.14 Starch Estimation (Mont Gomery, 1957)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 146\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.15 Sugar Estimation (Mont Gomery, 1957)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 147\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.16 Fatty oil Estimation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 147\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.17 Protein Estimation (Lowry et al, 1951)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 147\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.2.18 Method for Alkaloid Estimation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 147\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.3 Limit Tests\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 147\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.3.1 Limit Test for Arsenic\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 148\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.3.2 Limit Test for Chlorides\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 153\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.3.3 Limit Test for Heavy Metals\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 153\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.3.4 Limit Test for Iron\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 156\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.3.5 Limit Test for Lead\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 156\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.3.6 Limit Test for Sulphates\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 158\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.3.7 Heavy Metals by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 158\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.4 Microbial Limit Tests\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 163\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.4.1 Total Aerobic Microbial Count\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 172\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.4.2 Test for Specified Micro-organisms\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 175\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.5 Pesticide Residues\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 179\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.5.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Pesticide Residues\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 181\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.5.2 Test for Pesticides\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 182\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.5.3 Quantitative Analysis\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 183\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.6 Gas Chromatography\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 186\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.7 Test for Aflatoxin\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 188\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eAppendix- 3. Physical Tests and Determinations\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 190\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.1 Refractive Index\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 190\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.2 Weight per Milliliter and Specific Gravity\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 190\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.3 Determination of pH Value\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 191\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.4 Determination of Melting and Congealing Range\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 191\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.4.1 Determination of Melting Range\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 191\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.4.2 Determination of Congealing Range\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 194\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.5 Determination of Boiling Range\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 195\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.6 Determination of Optical Rotation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 196\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.7 Determination of Viscosity\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 198\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.8 Determination Total Solids\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 199\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.9 Solubility in Water\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 199\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.10 Determination of Saponification Value\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 199\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.11 Determination of Iodine Value\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 200\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.12 Determination of Acid Value\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 201\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.13 Determination of Peroxide Value\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 201\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.14 Determination of Unsaponifiable Matter\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 202\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.15 Detection of Mineral Oil (Holde’s Test)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 202\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.16 Rancidity Test (Kreis Test)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 203\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.17 Determination of Alcohol Content\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 203\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eAppendix- 4. Reagents and Solution\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 207\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eAppendix- 5. Chemical Tests and Assays\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 239\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.1.1 Estimation of Total Phenolics\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 239\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.1.2 Estimation of Total Tannins\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 239\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.1.3 Estimation of Sugars\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 239\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.1.3.1 Reducing Sugars\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 240\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.1.3.2 Total Sugars\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 240\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.1.3.3 Non-Reducing Sugars\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 240\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.1.4 Estimation of Curcumin by TLC Densitometer\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 241\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.1 Determination of Aluminum\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 241\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.2 Determination of Borax\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 242\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.3 Determination of Calcium\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 242\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.4 Determination of Copper\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 243\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.5 Determination of Iron (Fe)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 243\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.6 Determination of Magnesium\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 244\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.7 Determination of Mercury\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 244\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.8 Determination of Silica (SiO2)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 245\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.9 Estimation of Sodium and Potassium by Flame Photometry\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 245\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.10 Determination of Sodium chloride\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 246\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.11 Determination of Sulphur\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 246\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.2.12 Qualitative Reactions of some Radicals\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 246\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eAppendix- 6. Ayurvedic Definition and Methods\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 248\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.1 Kalpana Paribhasa\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 248\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.1.1 Kalka\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 248\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.1.2 Kvatha\/Kasaya\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 248\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.1.3 Curna\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 248\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.1.4 Putapaka Svarasa\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 248\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.1.5 Svarasa\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 248\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.1.6 Hima Kasaya\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 248\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2. Samanya Paribhasa\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 249\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.1 Kajjali\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 249\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.2 Kanjika\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 249\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.3 Ksara\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 249\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.4 Curnodaka\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 249\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.5 Praksepa\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 249\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.6 Bhavana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 250\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7 Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 250\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.1 Godanti Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 250\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.2 Gairika Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 250\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.3 Gandhaka Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 251\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.4 Guggulu Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 251\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.5 Tankana Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 251\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.6 Tuttha Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 251\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.7 Bhallataka Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 252\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.8 Manahsila Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 252\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.9 Vatsanabha Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 252\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.10 Silajatu Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 252\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.11 Haritala Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 253\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.12 Hingu Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 253\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.13 Parada Samanya Sodhana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 253\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.7.14 Astasamskara of Parada\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 254\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.8. Murchana\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 257\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.8.1 Murchana of Eranda Taila\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 258\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.8.2 Murchana of Ghrta\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 258\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.2.8.3 Murchana of Taila\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 259\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.3. Yantra Paribhasa\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 259\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.3.1 Khalva Yantra\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 260\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.3.2 Tiryak patana Yantra\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 260\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.3.3 Damaru Yantra\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 260\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.3.4 Dola Yantra\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 260\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eAppendix- 7. Weights and Measures.\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 261\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 7.1 Metric Equivalents of Classical Weights and Measures.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 261\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 7.2 Metric System\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 262\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eAppendix- 8. Classical Ayurvedic References.\u003c!--.b--\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 263\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eAppendix. 9. List of Single Drugs used in Formulation, with Latin Nomenclatures\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 276\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003cb\u003eAppendix- 10. Bibliography. \u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 280\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/tbody\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\" color=\"red\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nac373b.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nac373c.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nac373d.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nac373e.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nac373f.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nac373g.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nac373h.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nac373i.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44633079087405,"sku":"NAC373","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/nac373.jpg?v=1677859712","url":"https:\/\/occultnthings.com\/it\/products\/ayurvedic-pharmacopoeia-of-india-part-ii-volume-i-formulations-nac373","provider":"Occult-N-Things","version":"1.0","type":"link"}