{"product_id":"heat-and-sacrifice-in-vedas-old-book-nab029","title":"Heat and Sacrifice In The Vedas (An Old Book)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eNAB029\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/it\/book-author\/uma%20marina%20vesci\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Uma Marina Vesci\"\u003eUma Marina Vesci\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/it\/book-publisher\/motilal%20banarsidass%20publishers%20pvt%20ltd\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.\"\u003eMOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e1992\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e9788120808416\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e339\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.8\" x 5.7\"\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e500 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbout the Book\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e In all religions of the world which maintain sacrificial rituals and in which the portion offered to Gods is given to fire, that portion is normally offered raw except in Vedic India, where its previous cooking is necessary. The reasons for such a treatment forms the subject matter of this book.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The author, through an exhaustive examination of Vedic, Brahmanic and Srauta Sutric texts, traces the beginning and development of the idea of cooking as transforming energy, from early Vedic hymns to the classical and fully complete sacrifices of the later Brahmanic times.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The work is divided into two major parts: The first, comprising four chapters, follows the emergence and development of the first intuition the rishis had of their use of fire as God of energy; the second part, consisting of the remaining four chapters takes into account four emblematic rituals where heat is especially prominent, discussing, how the presence of heat has worked in shaping those rituals and the spirituality that has arisen from them. An introduction has cast the problem in its human, temporal and geographical conditions, while a conclusion has brought the entire matter to its heavenly accomplishment.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbout the Author:\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e Born in Roma (Italia), Uma Marina Vesci received her education in Roma itself, graduating in Ancient History and Archaeology with a thesis on: \" the use of Musical Instruments in the religious Life of Ancient Greece\". Further, she specialized in History of Religions with a thesis on: \"God, Man and Salvation in the Spiritual change in the VI century B.C. from China to Greece\". At the end of 1963 she won a scholarship to India where she continued her studies centered on Hinduism and especially on Vedic texts. Since then she has continuously lived in India to the present with support from various scholarships and fellowships in B.H.U. (\u003ca class=\"bodylink\" href=\"\/it\/book\/details\/NAB009\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eVaranasi\u003c\/a\u003e), Indian Institute of Advanced Study in Simla, at center of Advanced study in Philosophy, Visva Bharati(Shantiniketan), and in the Italian Embassy Cultural Centre in Delhi and Varanasi. In this last capacity she has taught comparative religions for a short while in Patiala at the Dept. of Religious Studies. Dr. Vesci has contributed many articles on Indological subjects to numerous international journals and has lectured widely.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eForeword \u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e Writing a foreword to an author's first book is, like the writing of the book itself, a kind of ritual. And this is all the more so if the work is the summing up of twenty years of study, and the one who introduces it has himself been deeply involved in the process. It forms part of the author's rite of passage into the realm of what the western medievals called by the solemn word 'auctores', because from then on they had 'auctoritas' i.e. the capacity to foster the intellectual and spiritual growth of the people. They were no longer interpreters of the past but shapers of the present and creators of the future. I gladly perform this ritual of presenting both the author and her work. And in fact, introductions are generally supposed to furnish that biographical background which is all too often as crucial to the deeper under- standing of a book as is the immediate context furnished by the writer. So, I propose to say, first, a few words about the author and, second, something about the work.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In 1963, shortly after completing her studies at the University of Rome, Dr. Vesci left for India to begin a life that few scho- lars have the courage to undertake: to get lost in the new culture, to incarnate oneself in the other tradition, to live and share the destiny of the newly made friends, and to do this hav- ing cut the bridges of return. In a competitive society, even if it goes by the name of academia, an absence of decades will severely jeopardize any opportunity of being accepted back and integrated into 'business as usual'. In a modern, job-oriented civilization, negotium is the only thing that counts.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In India, Marina Vescienjoyed the creative otium which per- mitted her to practice the most natural and perfect way of 'knowing' another culture : to learn as the children of any cul- ture do, to sit at the feet of the masters, to assimilate as we do a healthy food without concerning oneself over producing immediate results and writing informative papers with hastily collected data; in a word, to incarnateoneselfin the other culture. Everything she has published so far has been truly assimilated and is as much a part of her praxis as her 'theoria'. I know of her early sketches describing her first encounters with India and once even recommended that she not keep them to herself, but she considered these materials-and rightly so-as the soil out of which less anecdotal and more substantial studies would grow, as they have in course of time.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Uma, as she later became known, began to delve deeply into the culture of the South, Bengal and the North: three different worlds. She soon discovered the underlying fabric of the entire Indian tradition: Vedic culture. To be sure, it is not the only element that makes up the warp and woof of what we call the culture of the Indian subcontinent (we must also integrate the strands of pre-Aryan culture, the tribals, the later reforms and also the graftings, such as Islamic and Christian cultures and the secular world-view). But there is no doubt that the lion's share is had by that extraordinary vision which crystallizes in the Vedic culture.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e It is well known that western indology and also, by repercussion Indian scholarship, was, until very recently, mainly interested in the speculative aspects of that culture. The rest was con- sidered 'primitive', if not outright superstition. Western scholars were by and large not interested in, and Indian pandits were almost ashamed of, the ritualistic literature. The Samhitas of the Vedas and especially the disquisitions of the Upanisads, so the discourse would go, are refined productions of the human mind, but most of the Brahmanas, and especially the rituals, were considered- 'galamatias' to say the least, when not just decadent casuistry and priestcraft. The Puranas, or ancient legends, have been over the last few years more and more investigated, but it is only very recently that students are beginning to take the rituals seriously.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e When Marina Vesci first started for India I recommended to her the topic of tapas (ardor, and thus heat, zeal, concentration, spiritual power), that extraordinary symbol which cuts across the ages and schools of India. It has an existential as well as a doctrinal character, a cosmic as well as an anthropological meaning, and is certainly a divine category. Uma has been studying and practicing tapas since then. Most of her published articles refer directly or indirectly to this topic, and this book, as well as a forthcoming one, started, as it were, by dealing with the problem of tapas even if the nature itself of tapas com- pelled her to shift her main subject toward the effects of heat ill sacrifice as such. Actually tapas has, or better is, a ritual element, being intimately linked with Agni and thus with the sacrifice which constitutes the core of Vedic culture. For this reason she preferred to turn her attention to the subject of rituals, and precisely to those rituals connected with cooking and heating.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e This has prompted the author, and this is one of the merits of this book, to unearth an entire world that only now is beginning to be rediscovered and appreciated by scholars in India and abroad. When she first began to express interest in the topic, she was often either misunderstood or discreetly advised to choose another subject of study. Moderns tend to forget that to 'study' (studium) means to turn one's whole being toward an aspect of reality, having sensed the urge to integrate it into our lives. Study, in this sense, is a passionate, all-consuming acti- vity not only of the mind, but also of the heart. It has an irreducible existential dimension.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e And so I have already begun to present the book to the reader. But before doing so directly, I wish to voice a certain concern, one that will be especially understandable to the reader who happens to live in modern India, or is aware of the present situation. Such reservations or misgivings may be expressed somewhat like this.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e 1. The Choice of Topic \"\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In many religions where sacrifice is offered, the cooking of victims in huge cauldrons is one of the most important and compelling features of the ritual. But, as one would expect, it is the sacrificial portion allotted to man which is cooked as his share in the meal with the Deity. The portion allotted to the God is put on the altar fire when still raw. In India, however, ritual cooking is especially reserved for the portion due to the God which is destined to be burnt entirely on another sacred fire. This strange fact, hardly understandable at first sight, is what forms the topic of the present study. However, our aim is not to stop short at a mere description. Our research into the cooking of offerings is developed bearing in mind certain philosophical, historical and hermeneutic problems whose answers go beyond the mere exposition of rites. This study attempts to discover the philosophical and theologico-cosmolo- gical message which lies hidden in the necessary cooking of the victim as the most important part of the preliminaries of any sacrifice in the Vedic tradition.\"\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Research of this sort can only be done if one supposes that the rite, and especially sacrifice, is not merely the 'practical aspect', considered as complementary but subordinate to the 'more important' religious aspect of a tradition, namely the doctrinal, theological and speculative. Nor that it is merely a means in the service of the Divinity, which serves, more than anything else, to characterize the Divinity by revealing its tastes and its field of action and therefore its specific physiognomy. The basis of this study is the assumption that the rite is really and truly a 'language' with its own internal message, on the same level as that of any other form of spoken expression, a message which sometimes is seen to be even independent of the doctrine which should have supported it.\" Seen in this pers- pective, an analysis of the effects of heat, and above all of ritual cooking in the rite which extends its import from Brahmanic religion to its philosophy, is but one possible example among many which show how sacrifice, in its very liturgy, rules and position it occupies in the bosom of its own tradition, can have, and does have, an active role to play also in the theo- retical field, and has a 'word' to say in the formation of the cosmological and theological vision of its culture.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e This understanding of the rite as ‘language’ allows us to approach sacrifice as having a ‘structure’ which is common to all the various religions of the worlds-without, however, having for that reason to postulate the certainly inadmissible existence of one basic Sacrifice of which all other concrete sacrifices are but surface phenomena. From this 'structure' certain 'syntactic' rules can be drawn which are sufficiently well defined, valid in themselves and obedient to certain laws which cannot be transgressed and which the various religious traditions have always to bear in mind in their particular practices-. The same could be said, for example, of music where rules of harmony and melody which govern the relations between notes, their intervals, their assonances and dissonances, while being of the greatest variety, are fixed and valid for every kind of melody, rhythm and sonorous composition on any musical system what- soever. This of course does not mean that these rules cannot, on occasion, be broken; still such transgression has to be internally motivated and justified, otherwise the result would be merely meaningless dissonances. It is precisely the same with the governing religious phenomena, particularly those concerning sacrifice. The various religions of the world employ in a manner most appropriate within the frame-work of their respective culture, certain structural rules inherent in the rite whose universality became evident only recently through scholarly compartive studies. All the religions of the world have found themselves obliged to offer an internal solution, in as satisfactory a way as possible, whenever the particular 'scheme' of their respective sacrifice was at variance with the general rules. If necessity at times demanded that it was the general rules which had to be broken, this had to be done in a careful way, as is the case with certain dissonances required by some musical contexts.\"\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e With the intention, therefore, of bringing out these 'general’ rules in full relief and at the same time of showing their adapt- ation to the 'particular' exigencies of a given religious context, we have chosen to concentrate our attention on the rite mentio- ned above and to study it in its scriptural framework provided by the Vedas, first of all trying to discover it in the collection of the Hymns, the Samhitas, and then proceeding to the Brahmanas and the Sutras. This aspect of the Vedic rite seemed to us, in fact, to be a determining factor in representing, and in its turn, in shaping, a characteristic of the religion under discussion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e various religions there is often an action, generally to do with the It has been noticed, in fact, how in the sacrificial liturgy of offering. which seems to keep recurring and to point in which direction the importance of the• offering .itself lies. Moreover, in such action there seems to reside the 'message' which the cult of a given religion wants to transmit, in such a way that if, on the one hand, such an action determines the sacrifice in question, on the other hand, it reflects the entire religious mentality in which sacrifice is inserted. This liturgical action varies from one religious tradition to another. In the Vedic religious tradition the determining and revealing action seems to consist in the cooking of offerings and, in general, in the heating of sacrificial implements, while elsewhere, for example in the semitic religious tradition, it seems to consist more in the gathering of the blood or in the way the victim has to be consumed during the ritual banquet.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eContents\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"70%\"\u003e Foreword by R. Panikkar\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e xi\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Introduction\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The Choice of Topic\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Layout of our Study\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Thanksgiving\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 8\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart I\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eTHE CREATIVITY OF RITUAL HEAT IN THE VEDIC SACRIFICE (SRATA YAJNA) ACCORDING TO THE HYMNS (MANTRAS)\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Chapter One:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Preliminary Perspectives on the Problem\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 11\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The Importance of the Sacrificial 'Means' and the Role of Fire with Respect to the Divine in the Mediterranean Religions and in India\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 11\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The Role of Ritual Cooking in the Vedic Sacrifice\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 16\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Etymology and Semantics of the Words Denoting Heat in the Vedas\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 19\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Chapter Two:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Ritual Heat as a Source of Energy in the Rgveda\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 24\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The Texts\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 25\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (a) The Soma Sacrifice (somayajna)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 28\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (b) The Horse Sacrifice (asvamedha)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 32\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (c) The Funeral Rite\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 40\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Some Historical-Religious Parallels\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 45\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e First Consequences of Ritual Cooking as an Agent of Transformation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 50\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 4.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The Role of Sacred Heat in the Divine World\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 57\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Chapter Three:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Ritual Heat as a Source of Energy in the Atharvaveda\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 62\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Sacred Heat in the Rite\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 64\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Divinization and 'Cosmicization' of the Offering\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 66\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Prajapati\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 74\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Chapter Four:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Ritual Heat as a Source of Energy in the Yajurveda and in its Brahmanas\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 79\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e General Premises Regarding the Effects Obtained by the Sublimation of Ritual Heat\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 79\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e In the Rite\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 88\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (a) In General\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 88\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (b) Different in the Amount of Heat Amounting to difference of Obtainment\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 94\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Conclusion\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 97\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart II\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003eTHE CREATIVITY OF RITUAL HEAT IN SOME VEDIC RITES ACCORDING TO THE BRAHMANAS\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Chapter Five:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Animal Sacrifice (Pasuyajna or Pasubandha)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 103\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Circumambulation of Again (paryagni)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 105\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The Torch\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 113\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Blood\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 116\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 4.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Omentum (vapa)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 117\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The Sacrificial Cake (pasupurodasa)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 135\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The Cooked Offering (havis)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 141\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Chapter Six:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The First Kindling of the Sacrificial Fire by the Head of the Family (Agnyadhana or Agnyadheya)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 148\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Gathering of the Material (Sambhara)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 152\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Preparation of the Fireplaces and Preliminary Rites\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 157\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Kindling of the Sacred Fire\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 161\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Chapter Seven:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Construction of the Fire-alter (Agnicayana or Agniciti)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 167\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The 'Foundation Sacrifice' and Baking of the Brick 'Earth'\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 171\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (a) The Myth\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 174\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (b) The Foundation Sacrifice\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 176\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (c) Making the Brick 'Earth'\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 180\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (d) Baking the Brick\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 182\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (e) Agnicayana, half murti and half altar\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 188\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Making and Baking the Ukha\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 192\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (a) Gathering of the Material\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 192\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (b) Making the Ukha\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 193\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (c) The Putting of the Ukha into the Furnace\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 196\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (d) The Fumigation of the Ukha\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 197\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (e) Baking\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 198\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The Use of the Ukha During the Initiatory Period (diksa)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 203\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (a) The Transfer of the Fire\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 204\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (b) The Use of the Ukha during the Diksa\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 208\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (c) The Rite of the Steps of Visnu (visnukarmah) and Other Rites\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 211\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Chapter Eight:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Ritual Heat in the Pravargya\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 215\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The History of Pravargya\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 218\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (a) The Myth\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 220\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (b) The Interpretation\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 223\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e The Intermediate Initiation (avantaradiksa)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 230\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 3.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Mahavira and How to Make and Bake it\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 237\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 4.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Heating of Mahavira and its Place in the Rite\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 247\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (a) Preliminaries of the Rite\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 248\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (b) Kindling of the Sacred Fire\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 250\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (c) Stirring the Sacred Fire\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 255\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (d) Hierophany\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 256\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (e) Adoration\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 257\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (f) The Sacrificial Offering as a Sacramental Meal\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 261\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e (g) Sacrificial Creation through the Three Phases of the Boiling Process\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 265\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 5.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Pravargya as Mystery About to Surpass the Ritual\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 267\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 6.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Other Rites in Pravargya\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 268\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Conclusion: Brahmanic Cosmology\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 270\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 1.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Transformation of the Divine\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 270\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 2.\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Transformation of Man: His Immortalization and Divinization\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 281\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Glossary\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 290\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Bibliography\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 311\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e Indexes\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e 317\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/tbody\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029b.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029c.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029d.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029e.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029f.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029g.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029h.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029i.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029j.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029k.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029l.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029m.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029n.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029o.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029p.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029q.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029r.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029s.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029t.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029u.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029v.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029w.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029x.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029y.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029z.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029za.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029zb.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029zc.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029zd.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029ze.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029zf.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029zg.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books-2015\/nab029zh.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default 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