Pali Primer (With Roman)

This is a book long overdue, as my first Pali teacher, the late Mr. Julius Berugoda wished me to compile such a one, or translate the work he did into English, many years ago. I am sorry I was not able to bring forth this Pali Primer during his lifetime, but I feel I am discharging a great obligation even at this late stage.

I take no credit for the method used in this book as it was thought out by my revered Guru. When I first met him in 1949, I asked him how many cases there are in Pali, as I feared that I would have to memorise declensions as in Latin. He very tactfully said that there are no cases. I was surprised and curious, and requested him to start lessons immediately. Straight away we got down to making sentences which, lesson after lesson, became longer, more interesting and complex. These exercises were such fun that I thoroughly enjoyed learning Pali. Mr. Berugoda compiled a Pali Grammar in Sinhala called Pali Subodhini, to teach me and it was later published in the early 1950’s. Ithas long been out of print and even I do not possess a copy.

In the early 1980s Mr. Berugoda compiled another Pali Grammar in Sinhala which he said was an improvement on Pali Subodhini, and wished me to translate it into English. Though it was translated with the help of Prof. P.B. Meegaskumbura of the Department of Sinhala, I was not satisfied with the arrangement of the lessons. I felt that the improvements he made in his enthusiasm were counter-productive, but I did not have the heart to tell him my frank opinion. The book however could not be published for lack of funds.

The present work is an entirely new effort based on the same principle of teaching grammar through composition, using a gradually expanding controlled vocabulary, selected on the basis of types frequently occurring in the language. Cases are introduced one by one using only masculine nouns ending in -a at the beginning, with exercises in sentence formation with present tense, third person, singular and plural verbs whose bases end in -a. Grammatical forms such as the gerund / absolutive and the infinitive, which are very frequent in the language, are soon introduced to enable the student to form longer and more com- plex sentences. Once the student has mastered the basic struc- ture, other grammatical and syntactical forms are taught one by one, following the principle of introducing forms which bear a similarity / affinity in morphology to those already learnt. Translations from and into Pali form an integral part of each lesson.

This book is meant for beginners and gives only an introduction to Pali grammar. It is designed as a convenient stepping stone to more advanced works such as A.K. Warder’s Introduction to Pali.

I have freely drawn from the vocabulary collected by Ven. A.P. Buddhadatta in The New Pali Course Part I, for which I acknowledge my indebtedness.

I place on record my sincere thanks to my University Guru Prof. N.A. Jayawickrema for going through the first draft of this text with meticulous care and making valuable suggestions.