{"product_id":"sudras-in-ancient-india-social-history-of-lower-order-down-to-circa-d-600-ide801","title":"Sudras in Ancient India: A Social history of the lower order down to circa A.D. 600","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Specification\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ctable\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eItem Code:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eIDE801\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/it\/book-author\/ram%20sharan%20sharma\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"Ram Sharan Sharma\"\u003eRam Sharan Sharma\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/it\/book-publisher\/motilal%20banarsidass%20publishers%20pvt%20ltd\" class=\"underlined\" title=\"MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.\"\u003eMOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eEnglish\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eEdition:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2002\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eISBN:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e8120807065\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003ePages:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e403\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eCover:\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eHardcover\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eOther Details\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-dimensions\"\u003e8.8\" X 5.8\"\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd class=\"product-details-specifications-label has-text-grey-dark\"\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd rel=\"product-weight\"\u003e600 gm\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"title is-size-3-desktop is-size-5-touch has-text-centered product-details-description-title\"\u003eBook Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-details-description\" style=\"max-height: 63rem; overflow-y: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eFrom the Jacket:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ci\u003eSudras in Ancient India\u003c\/i\u003e tries to show how the labouring class in ancient times came to be known as sudras. It explores their social and economic relations with the members of the higher varnas. It also tries to tackle several other problems: Was ancient Indian society a slave society? How far did the ritual status of the sudras correspond to their economic status? How did the vaisyas come to be reduced to the level of the sudras and the sudras placed on a par with the vaisyas? What accounts for the proliferation of the servile orders in Gupta and post-Gupta times? Why were social revolts comparatively absent in ancient India? \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Although the study hinges on the history of the sudras, it also works out a framework for the history of social differentiation and marks the main stages in the evolution of ancient Indian society. Since social history cannot be studied without appreciating material life, at various stages the impact of settled agricultural life, thriving trade, and land grants on the social formation has been made with developments in other ancient societies and also with tribal practices and institutions known to anthropology. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbout the Author:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Professor R.S. Sharma (b. 1920) was mostly educated in the institutions affiliated to Patna University, under which he taught for 30 years till 1973 when he moved to Delhi University. He retired from Delhi University in 1985 and is now Emeritus Professor of History at Patna University. He did his Ph.D. at the School of Oriental and African Studies where he also served as a research associate. He was also a visiting professor at the University of Toronto. He was the first chairman of the Indian Council of Historical Research. His well-known book \u003ci\u003eAncient India\u003c\/i\u003e (1977) was withdrawn by the Indian Government under the pressure of obscurantist elements in May 1978. Sharma's other publications include \u003ci\u003eIndian Feudalism: 300-1200\u003c\/i\u003e (1980); \u003ci\u003ePerspectives in Social and Economic History of Early India \u003c\/i\u003e (1983); \u003ci\u003e Material Culture and Social Formations In Ancient India \u003c\/i\u003e (1983); \u003ci\u003e Urban Decay in India (c. 300-c.1000), \u003c\/i\u003e (1987); Communal History and Rama's Ayodhya (1992); \u003ci\u003eAspects of India Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India\u003c\/i\u003e(1995); \u003ci\u003e Looking for the Aryans \u003c\/i\u003e (1995); \u003ci\u003eThe State and Varna Formation in the Mid-\u003ca href=\"\/it\/article\/ganges\"\u003eGanga\u003c\/a\u003e Plains \u003c\/i\u003e (1996) and \u003ci\u003eEarly Medieval Indian Society\u003c\/i\u003e (2001). His publications appear in fifteen languages, Indian and non-Indian. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eExcerpts From Reviews:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This is an outstanding piece of research and authentic history of Sudras in ancient India. Professor Sharma has made use of all published sources, literary as well as archaeological, bearing on the social and economic position of Sudras. It gives a lucid and comprehensive account of all aspects of the anguished career of Sudra community. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003ci\u003eL.M. Joshi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJournal of Religious Studies\u003cbr\u003e Vol. 10, No. I \u0026amp; II, 1982\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The facility and confidence with which Sharma makes his arguments and conclusions comforting, it weaves together scattered references into the first connected account of the Sudra varna and places this within a broader historical framework. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003ci\u003eUpendra Singh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eContribution to Indian Sociology, \u003cbr\u003eVol.26, No.1, Jan-June, 1992\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Sharma co-relates the phases of economic development with social organization and social change. He rightly calls the Rigvedic society as 'basically tribal', pastoral and egalitarian and 'a pre-class society' and contends that 'the defeated and disposed sections of Aryans and Non-aryan tribes were reduced to the position of Sudras'. The later-vedic society was food producing and agricultural, but their agricultural technology was primitive; consequently differentiation between haves and have-nots could not be intensified The Sudras continued to form the labour force of a labour-intensive economy; they also supplied surplus produce as peasants. There were no violent social upheavals because their minds were enchained by the \u003ca href=\"\/it\/article\/karma\"\u003eKarma\u003c\/a\u003e theory. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In ancient India, the cultural apparatus of the Sudras, more so of the untouchables or the 'asat' Sudra, was very primitive, consequently their response was usually of abject submission. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003ci\u003eS.N. Mishra\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eThe Eastern Anthropologist\u003cbr\u003eVol. 37, No. 4, Oct.-Dec. 1984\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eCONTENTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"7\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100%\"\u003ePreface to the Second Edition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ev\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePreface to the First Edition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003evii\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbbreviations\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eix\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRoman Equivalents of Nagari letters\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003exiii\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003eChapters\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eI. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eHistoriography and Approach \u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWestern interest in ancient Indian society\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe place of the sudras in writings on ancient society\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStating the questions and indicating the method\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eII. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrigin\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRacial import of \u003ci\u003earya\u003c\/i\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDifference between the Dasas and Dasyus \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFight between the Aryan and the pre-Aryan tribes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInter-tribal struggle among the Aryans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe Panis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e19\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSocial adjustment between the Aryans and the pre-Aryan chalcolithic people\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e21\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDas as 'Aryan' tribe\/slave in the age of \u003ci\u003eRigveda\u003c\/i\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMass migration of the Aryans attested by linguistic evidence and also by archaeology \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbsence of sharp class divisions in Rigvedic society\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e29\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh status of artisans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e31\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe \u003ci\u003ePurusasukta\u003c\/i\u003e and the sudras as a social order\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras as a tribe\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35 \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras as an Aryan tribe\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e37\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWere the sudras originally ksatriyas? \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEtymological derivation of the term \u003ci\u003esudra\u003c\/i\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e42\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe status of the sudra-varna at the time of its origin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e44\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIII. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eTribes verses Varna\u003c\/b\u003e (c. 1000 - 500 B.C.) \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLater Vedic literature and Painted Grey Ware archaeology\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e46\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras as serving class\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e48\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras as 'serfs' and 'slaves'\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e52\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDignity of manual work\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e53\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras \u003ci\u003eratnins\u003c\/i\u003e in the royal coronation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e54\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras in the \u003ci\u003erajasuya\u003c\/i\u003e rituals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e56\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudra soldiers in the \u003ci\u003easvamedha\u003c\/i\u003e sacrifice\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e59\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eKing's desire for the support of all the four varnas\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e61\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExclusion of the sudra from some coronation rituals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e62\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAn \u003ci\u003e Aitareya Brahmana\u003c\/i\u003epassage regarding the sudras \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e64\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMarital relations between the higher varnas and sudras\/slaves\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e68\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBeginning of the assimilation of non-Aryan tribes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e71\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe sudra and \u003ci\u003eupanayana\u003c\/i\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e73\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe sudra and Vedic sacrifice\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e78\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras's participation in some religious rites\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e79\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGods worshipped by the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e81\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGreater evidence against the sudras participation in the Vedic sacrifice\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e83\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContradiction in the position of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e87\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMaterial culture and constraints on class formation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e88\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIV. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eServility and Disabilities\u003c\/b\u003e (c. 600 - c. 300 B.C.) \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNature of the Dharmasutras and early Pali texts \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMaterial background from NBP archaeology\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppropriation of land and labour\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e96\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClear definition of the sudras as a serving class\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e98\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCrafts and craftsmen\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras as agricultural labourers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e102\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSlaves and hired labourers in production\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e103\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLiving conditions of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e106\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDasas, pessas, kammakaras and bhatakas\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e108\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEconomic disabilities according to the Dharmasutras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e112\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras as primary producers; their living standards\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eComparison with Greek slaves and helots\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e116\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePolitical-legal discriminations\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e116\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSocial disabilities\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e124\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExclusion from the rite of \u003ci\u003eupanayana\u003c\/i\u003e and from education\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e133\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExclusion from sacrifices and sacraments\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e134\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContempt of the higher varnas for manual occupations\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e137\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFive despised castes of the early Pali texts\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e138\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOrigin of untouchability\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e144\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReligious reforming movements and the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e146\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEnd of the ambiguous position of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e152\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras reaction to disabilities\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e154\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eV. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eState Control and the Servile Order\u003c\/b\u003e (c.300 - c. 200 B.C.) \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe date and authenticity of the \u003ci\u003eArthasastra \u003c\/i\u003e of Kautilya\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e157\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe meaning of the term sudrakarsakapraya\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e161\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSlaves and agricultural labourers in state production\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e163\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEmployment, control and wages of the artisans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e166\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh posts as the preserve of the three higher varnas\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e172\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras as spies and soldiers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e173\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVarna legislation of Kautilya\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e174\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStatus of the sudra \u003ci\u003evis-à-vis\u003c\/i\u003e slaves in Kautilya\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e177\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ci\u003eDasa\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eahitaka\u003c\/i\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e178\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eManumission and treatments of slaves\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e179\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMauryan society, a slave-owning society\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e 182\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAsoka's \u003ci\u003evyavahara-samata\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003edanda-samata\u003c\/i\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e183\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMarriage practices of the sudras and the formation of mixed castes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e184\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReligious condition of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e187\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGeneral conduct of the lower orders\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e189\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVI. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCrisis in the Old Order\u003c\/b\u003e (c. 200 B.C. - c. A.D. 300) \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSources for the post-Mauryan period\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e191\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eManu on the approximation of the sudras with vaisyas\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e192\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eArtisans in the context of commerce and handicraft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e195\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEpigraphic and literary records on artisans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e199\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eManu's economic measures against the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e201\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWages and living conditions of the labourers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e204\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAdverse position of the sudras in law and polity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e207\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSevere punishments for sudras offending against members of the superior varnas\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e211\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDiscrimination against the sudra regarding inheritance, adultery and social intercourse\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e214\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras and slaves in Manu\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e216\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eManu's ban on social intercourse between the sudras and the brahmana\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e220\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMarriage forms followed by the vaisyas and the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e223\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudden increase in mixed castes in Manu\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e225\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e Untouchables in Manu\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e227\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eManu on sudra's exclusion from Vedic studies and performance of religious rites\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e230\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSome religious practices of the sudras and influence of Vaisnavism\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e232\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRole of Sudras in the crisis reflected by the descriptions of the Kali age\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e233\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eManu's violent anti-sudra measures\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e236\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSigns of weakening in the servile status of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e240\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVII. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePeasanthood and Religious Rights\u003c\/b\u003e (c.A.D. 300-600) \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSources for the Gupta period\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e245\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudras as wage earners\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e248\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWeakening of the slave system\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e252\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEmergence of sudra peasants\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e257\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCauses of the sudra peasanthood\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e260\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePosition of artisans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e262\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSudra traders\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e267\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe place of sudras in the political organization of the Gupta times\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e268\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContinuance of varna distinctions in the administration of law and justice\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e269\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLessening of discriminations in the administration of criminal law and military recruitment\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e274\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe sudra hostility to the existing social order\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e279\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSome improvement in the social status of the sudra\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e281\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContinuance of the brahmana boycott of the sudra's food\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e283\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFood habits of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e285\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMarriage practices of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e286\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMixed castes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e289\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe condition of the untouchables\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e290\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEducation of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReligious rights and sacraments for the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e295\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMedieval texts on the social and religious conduct of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e305\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe sudra's right of making gifts\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e306\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe contribution of Vaisnavism and Saivism to the religious elevation of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e307\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSignificance of the enlargement of religious rights of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e312\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVIII\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cb\u003eChange and Continuity\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMain phases in history of the position of the sudras down to \u003ci\u003ecirca\u003c\/i\u003e A.D.600\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e314\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBasic servility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e321\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCauses of the comparative calmness of the sudras\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e322\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAppendix I \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Date of the \u003ci\u003eManu Smriti\u003c\/i\u003e with Special Reference to the tenth Chapter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e327\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAppendix II\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Proliferation of Servile and Peasant Castes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e332\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBibliography\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e346\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndex (\u003ca href=\"\/it\/book\/Hindu\/sanskrit\"\u003eSanskrit\u003c\/a\u003e, Pali and Prakrit Words) \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e369\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGeneral Index\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e374\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cfont color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003eSample Pages\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801aa.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801bb.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801cc.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801dd.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801ee.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801ff.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801gg.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801hh.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801ii.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801jj.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801kk.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801ll.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801mm.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801nn.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801oo.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.exoticindia.com\/images\/products\/original\/books\/\" ide801pp.webp\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Occultnthings","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44619228381485,"sku":"IDE801","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2094\/2117\/products\/ide801.jpg?v=1677757088","url":"https:\/\/occultnthings.com\/it\/products\/sudras-in-ancient-india-social-history-of-lower-order-down-to-circa-d-600-ide801","provider":"Occult-N-Things","version":"1.0","type":"link"}