Tribal Development in India- Policies, Plans and Actions

About the Book The book Development in Policies, Plans Actions' discusses problems of tribals in depth and at the same time analysed solutions through implementation different government programmes.

This book has made a attempt analyse constitutional provisions, government acts, guidelines, plans programmes relating to development in starting from genesis to present structure. attempt has been made incorporate national policy and new development programmes of Government of India. The book has updated with the information, data, initiatives of government, findings government report research studies.

It is hoped that the readers will immensely reading the book provide fundamental knowledge as well as the trends of development India.

About the Author Parikshit Sahu obtained Master Degree Analytical Applied Economics from University, Bhubaneswar in He awarded Ph.D by University in 2014 for his thesis "Social Sector Development Odisha; special reference Primary Education Health Care."

Dr Sahu immense experience teaching. He has a passion interest teaching research. taught papers like Micro Macroeconomics, Monetary Economics, Public Finance, Statistics, Mathematical Economics, Managerial Economics, Econometrics, Engineering Economics Costing and so on. addition to that, he has teaching Rural Development programmes government, acts, rules, guidelines different programmes and projects to developmental professionals, government officials, members different training institutes.

He is prolific writer, public orator, panelist Doordarshan, columnist, singer, musician and the like. He published good volume research articles, study reports, case studies, success stories to credit national international journals.

Foreword The tribal regions and people are both poorest in spite of wealthy and profuse base of natural resources. The reasons might be either these natural resources, specifically land and water are neglected or not developed or in other scenario, if at all developed in some cases, the benefits of the same are largely cornered by the non-tribals or so-called progressive people. The tribal statistics says the 533 varieties of tribes, made up of more than 80 million tribals, represents almost 10 per cent of India's population. The lives of the Indian tribals are closely tied to nature and they inhabit some of the most immaculate and pretty environments in the country.

The effects of planned developmental interventions for tribals since 1961 have not made any significant impact in improving the conditions of the tribals. There is comprehensive degradation of natural resources in the tribal regions, resulting in extensive poverty among the tribal people. While seen the human development index, the tribal regions and people are displayed at the bottom of the table in every state and districts.

The true spirit of development of tribals lies in making them to realize their rights and ensuring that the rights are protected through institutional means. There are sufficient numbers of state government and central government schemes under which the funds flows for the tribal development. But, still the basic amenities like health, education, sanitation and livelihoods have been remained as the major challenges in the tribal areas. Lack of exposure to mainstream society, superstitions, and inaccessibility has been a major hurdle to bring them to main stream. Creating enabling environment to realize their developmental potential is the way forward for the tribal development.

Preface Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. In the era of modernization and the structural economic reform Lc. LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) poverty eradication has become one of the most important objectives of the government. The economic policies and reforms in India attempted adequately to gain synchronised as well as inclusive growth in the economy but failed to change the face of tribal and rural communities. However, the 12th Five Year Plan made some special efforts to bring the tribal's and other marginalized sections at par with other advanced sections of the society. Even in the 21st century the tribes are lagging behind as compared with other segments of the society so far as the Human Development Indicators are concerned. Their inherited lands have been encroached and their traditional cultures are also under threat in the name of development projects and economic development.

Tribes are the poorest segment of Indian population. They are socially, educationally and economically most deprived, demoralized and suffering from injustice since ages. Though Indian Constitution in Articles-12 to 35 elaborated the rights for ensuring social justice, the progress is not eye-catching especially in case of tribals. The tribals in India form 8.2 per cent of the national population leaving aside the Union Territories but even today they did not know what the rule of law is or what the social justice means.

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