Tinaimalal Nurraimpatu (Text, Transliteration and Translations in English Verse and Prose)

Foreword The Central Institute of Classical Tamil (CICT) established in Chennai, has mapped out various plans including preparation of definitive editions of forty-one Classical Tamil texts and translation of these works into English and other major European languages as well as into major Indian languages and writing of a historical grammar of Tamil. Language being the autobiography of a people, our objective is to preserve and safeguard the invaluable treasure of the literary compositions in our language. If only we could delve into our past and recover the riches and wealth of the mighty treasure trove of Classical Tamil poetry, we will be amply rewarded by its lofty poetry, the poetry that strengthens and purifies the holiness of heart's affection and enlarges our imagination. Apart from these, reading the ancient Tamil texts such as Tolkappiyam, Ettuttokai, Pattupptiyu, Tirukkural etc., provides a foundation for scholarship for the present and in this sense they do provide enlightened education.

It is heartening to write this foreword to the series of publications brought out by CICT, which I am sure, will do full justice to the masterpieces in Tamil without compromising on the quality of production. The Carikam corpus being a repository of our glorious culture, it behaves our present and future generations to study them and to convey their message and the vision of life embodied in them to the public at large. Let me, therefore, commend the series to the enlightened beings the world over.

I convey my heartiest thanks to the Director Shri A. Palanivel, Registrar Dr. Muhilai Raja pandian and the staff members those who are contributed their efforts to bring out this precious work of Tinaimalai nurraimpatu

Preface Of the famed Patinenkakkattakku writings, Tinaimalai nurraimpatu is included in this volume consisting of the Tamil text, its transliteration and three English translations. Though the Tinaimalai nurraimpatu is believed to belong to the post-Swigam period, it is in no way inferior to the better known Satigam literature called Ettuttokai and Pattuppattu. They contain love poems which conform to the age-old akam tradition, unique to ancient Tamil literature. In each of these verses dealing with the five-fold divisions of reciprocal love between man and woman, an emotional situation is realistically recaptured and poetically presented against a setting best suited to the theme. The chief merit of these pieces is the psychological realism which wills at-tract the attention of any modern reader.

Tinaimalai nurraimpatu by Kanimetaviyar deals with the five regional themes of kurffinci, mullai, marutam, neytal and ', Alai with ten verses to each tinai. The oft-quoted observation about this poem is that those do not know it may not know the sweetness of the Tamil language.

Introduction Knowledge of Tamil classics enriches the understanding of life in general and human relationships in particular. Unfolding the treasures of Tamil classics to the world to be seen and shared is a great responsibility as well as a worthy task - not to boast about but to impart light and salt to humanity at large. A.K. Ramanujan rightly says in his Translator's Note to his work, Poems of Love and War: "The ancient poets composed in Tamil for their Tamil corner of the world of antiquity; but as nothing human is alien, they have reached ages unborn and accents unknown".

The following characteristic features of classical Tamil literature are effectively registered in the texts translated here:

1. Precision and economy of words.

2. Exquisite expression of the chosen situations mainly through dramatic monologues and rarely through dialogues.

3. Finest choice of diction.

4. The depiction of practical and universal human emotions.

5. Exposition of themes against matching phenomena of nature.

6. Portrayal of life and values of people around the context of love.

7. Suggestive techniques of communication such as ullurai and iraicci adopted by which the readers are left to perceive the latent layers of experience embedded.

Of the Patinenkilkkanakku works, Aintinai aimpatu, Tinaimoli aimpatu, Aintinai elupatu and Tinaimalai nurraimpatu are focused here and they are love poems which strictly conform to akam conventions, a part of Tamil literary tradition. They deal with the five-fold divisions of reciprocal love between well-matched man and woman. The five-fold divisions are nothing but five distinctive situations, namely, kuritici, mullai, marutam, neytal and palai.

Each division indicates the emotions and situations involved as well as the geographical landscape. The emotions and events involved are called uripporul. And for distinct emotions and events, matching geographical region (land), native elements peculiar to that particular region, season and time are assigned as per Tamil literary tradition. The land and time together are called mutal porul; the native elements peculiar to the region concerned are called karupporul. This is to say that in each love poem an emotional situation is poetically painted against a setting best suited to the situation. The situation and their corresponding settings are as follows:

kurinci - The lovers' union and themes pertaining to it, the background being the hilly region where kurnici blooms.

mullai - Longing and waiting for the lover and themes pertaining to it, the background being the sylvan tract where mullai blooms in the rainy season.

marutam - Sulking/quarrel/feigned anger and themes pertaining to it, the background being fertile fields where marutam blooms. Neytal Yearning for the love and themes pertaining to it, the background being seas and the coastal region where neytal blooms.

palai - Separation and themes pertaining to it, the background being desert - like region where palai blooms.

But for kurnici all other divisions reflect the impact and affect of separation on lovers mainly the lady-love. The respective authors of aintinai aimpatu, tinaimoli aimpatu, aintinai elupatu and tinaimalai nurraimpatu are Meiran poraiyantir, Kannan centandr, Mtitvatiyar and Kanimetaviyar, These texts respectively contain verses - all in venpa meter, giving equal treatment to all five divisions. These texts were not written contemporaneously and they are said to be composed during the first five centuries after Christ.

Book's Contents and Sample Pages