The Kautiliya Arthasastra: 3 Volumes

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Book Specification

Item Code:	IDE739
Author:	R.P. Kangle
Publisher:	Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Language:	Sanskrit and English
Edition:	2019
ISBN:	9788120800427
Pages:	1200
Cover:	Hardcover
Other Details	9.8" X 6.6"
Weight	2.40 kg

Book Description

From the Jacket:

The Kautiliya Arthasastra is the oldest and most exhaustive treatise on the governance and administration of a state. Starting with the bringing up and education of the young prince, it proceeds to the appointment of ministers and the organization and functioning of various state departments, including the setting up of a secret service. It then sets forth a code of civil and criminal law. In the matter of foreign relations, it puts before the ruler the ideal of a 'vijigisu' (would-be world conqueror) and discusses in great detail the various situations he may have to face in his dealings with foreign states, whether friendly or inimical, and points out how he should conduct himself in every case so as to achieve his goal. The present edition comprises three parts.

Part I is a new critical edition of the text based on all manuscript evidences available so far as well as on portions of ancient commentaries that have been published. It also takes into account the new commentary on the entire text by T. Ganapati Sastri.

Part II is a new English translation of the text; the critical and explanatory notes consider the various readings in the text as well as the different interpretations found in the commentaries or offered by modern scholars.

Part III is a study of the text and deals with all problems that are likely to arise in connection with its study, such as the origin of the Arthasastra as a science, the authorship and date of the work, social conditions reflected in it, the economy of the state visualized in it, the administrative setup recommended, law and its administration, foreign polity and so on. It also attempts an assessment of its importance and relevance in modern times.

About the Author:

R.P. Kangle taught Sanskrit for over thirty years in Government colleges in Gujarat and Maharashtra (old Bombay Presidency) and retired as Professor of Sanskrit from the Elphinstone College, Bombay in 1954. The three-part work on the kautilya Arthasastra was published by the University of Bombay between 1961 and 1965. Other publications to his name are in Marathi: The Plays of Kalidasa, Ancient Indian Political Science, Ancient Poetics Marathi translations of the Kautiliya Arthasastra, etc.

CONTENTS

PART ONE

Sanskrit Text with a Glossary

PART TWO
An English Translation with Critical and Explanatory Notes

Book 1	Concerning the Topic of Training			1-54
	1	Enumeration of Sections and Books		1
	2	Sec. 1	Enumeration of the Sciences	5
	3	Sec. 1	(Continued)	7
	4	Sec. 1	(Continued)	9
	5	Sec. 2	Association with Elders	10
	6	Sec. 3	Control over the Senses	12
	7	Sec. 3	(Continued)	13
	8	Sec. 4	Appointment of Ministers	15
	9	Sec. 5	Appointment of Councillors and Chaplain	17
	10	Sec. 6	Ascertainment of the Integrity of Ministers by Means of Secret Tests	18
	11	Sec. 7	Appointment of Persons in Secret Service	21
	12	Sec. 7	(Continued)
		Sec. 8	Rules for Secret Servants	23
	13	Sec. 9	Keeping over the Enemy's Seducible and Non-seducible Parties	28
	14	Sec. 10	Winning over the Enemy's Seducible and Non-seducible Parties	30
	15	Sec. 11	The Topic of Counsel	32
	16	Sec. 12	Rules for the Envoy	36
	17	Sec. 13	Guarding against Princes	39
	18	Sec. 14	Conduct of the Prince in Disfavour
		Sec. 15	Behaviour towards a Prince in Disfavour	43
	19	Sec. 16	Rules for the King	45
	20	Sec. 17	Regulations for the Royal Residence	48
	21	Sec. 18	Protection of the King's Person	51
Book 2	The Activity of the Heads of Departments			55-189
	1	Sec. 19	Settlement of the Countryside	55
	2	Sec. 20	Disposal of Non-agricultural Land	59
	3	Sec. 21	Construction of Forts	61
	4	Sec. 22	Lay-out of the Fortified City	67
	5	Sec. 23	Duties of the Directory of Stores	72
	6	Sec. 24	The Setting up of Revenue by the Administrator	75
	7	Sec. 25	Records and Accounts and Audit Office	80
	8	Sec. 26	Misappropriation of Revenue by Officers and Its Recovery	85
	9	Sec. 27	Inspection of Officers Work	89
	10	Sec. 28	The Topic of Edicts	92
	11	Sec. 29	Examination of Precious Articles Received in the Treasury	97
	12	Sec. 30	Starting of Mines and Factories	105
	13	Sec. 31	The Superintendent of Gold in the Workshop	110
	14	Sec. 32	The Royal Goldsmith in the Market Highway	116
	15	Sec. 33	The Superintendent of the Magazine	122
	16	Sec. 34	The Directory of Trade	127
	17	Sec. 35	The Director of Forests	129
	18	Sec. 36	The Superintendent of the Armoury	131
	19	Sec. 37	Standardisation of Weights and Measures	134
	20	Sec. 38	Measures of Space and Time	138
	21	Sec. 39	The Collector of Customs	141
	22	Sec. 39	(Continued)	144
	23	Sec. 40	The Superintendent of Yarns	146
	24	Sec. 41	The Director of Agriculture	148
	25	Sec. 42	The Controller of Spirituous Liquors	153
	26	Sec. 43	The Supervisor of Animal Slaughter	157
	27	Sec. 44	The Superintendent of Courtesans	158
	28	Sec. 45	The Controller of Shipping	162
	29	Sec. 46	The Superintendent of Cattle	165
	30	Sec. 47	The Superintendent of Horses	170
	31	Sec. 48	The Superintendent of Elephants	174
	32	Sec. 48	(Continued)	177
	33	Sec. 49	The Superintendent of Chariots
		Sec. 50	The Superintendent of Foot Soldiers
		Sec. 51	The Commandant of the Army	179
	34	Sec. 52	The Superintendent of Passports
		Sec. 53	The Superintendent of Pastures	181
	35	Sec. 54	The Administrator's Activity
		Sec. 55	Activity of Secret Agents	182
	36	Sec. 56	The City Superintendent	185
Book 3	Concerning Judges			190-253
	1	Sec. 57	Valid and Invalid Transactions
		Sec. 58	Filing of Law-suits	190
	2	Sec. 59	Concerning Marriage	196
	3	Sec. 59	(Continued)	201
	4	Sec. 59	(Continued)	205
	5	Sec. 60	Partition of Inheritance	208
	6	Sec. 60	(Continued)	211
	7	Sec. 60	(Continued)	213
	8	Sec. 61	Concerning Immovable Property	216
	9	Sec. 61	(Continued)	219
	10	Sec. 61	(Continued)
		Sec. 62	Non-observance of Conventions	222
	11	Sec. 63	Non-payment of Debts	226
	12	Sec. 64	Concerning Deposits	230
	13	Sec. 65	Law Concerning Slaves and Labourers	235
	14	Sec. 65	(Continued)
		Sec. 66	Undertakings in Partnership	239
	15	Sec. 67	Rescission of Sale and Purchase	242
	16	Sec. 68	Non-conveyance of Gifts
		Sec. 69	Sale without Ownership
		Sec. 70	The Relation of Ownership	248
	17	Sec. 71	Forcible Seizure	245
	18	Sec. 72	Verbal Injury	246
	19	Sec. 73	Physical Injury	247
	20	Sec. 74	Gambling and Betting
		Sec. 75	Miscellaneous Offences	250
Book 4	The Suppression of Criminals			254-291
	1	Sec. 76	Keeping a Watch over Artisans	254
	2	Sec. 77	Keeping a Watch over Traders	259
	3	Sec. 78	Remedies during Calamities	262
	4	Sec. 79	Guarding against Persons with Secret Income	265
	5	Sec. 80	Detection of Criminals through Secret Agents	267
	6	Sec. 81	Arrest on Suspicion, with the Article and by the Act	268
	7	Sec. 82	Inquest on Sudden Deaths	272
	8	Sec. 83	Investigation through Interrogation and through Torture	274
	9	Sec. 84	Keeping a Watch over Departments	277
	10	Sec. 85	Redemption from Corporal Punishment	281
	11	Sec. 86	Capital Punishment	283
	12	Sec. 87	Violation of Maidens	285
	13	Sec. 88	Punishment for Transgressions	288
Book 5	Secret Conduct			292-313
	1	Sec. 89	Infliction of Secret Punishment	292
	2	Sec. 90	Replenishment on the Treasury	296
	3	Sec. 91	The Salaries of State Servants	302
	4	Sec. 92	Conduct Proper for a Dependent	305
	5	Sec. 93	Proper Behaviour of a Courtier	307
	6	Sec. 94	Continuance of the Kingdom
		Sec. 95	Continuous Sovereignty	309
Book 6	The Circle of Kings as the Basis			314-320
	1	Sec. 96	Excellences of Constituents	314
	2	Sec. 97	Concerning Peace and Activity	317
Book 7	The Six Measures of Foreign Policy			321-384
	1	Sec. 98	Enumeration of the Six Measures
		Sec. 99	Use of Measures in Decline, Stable Condition and Advancement	321
	2	Sec. 100	Conduct when Seeking Shelter	325
	3	Sec. 101	Policies for the Equal, the Weaker and the Stronger Kings
		Sec. 102	Peace-Treatises by the Weaker King	327
	4	Sec. 103	Staying Quiet after Making War
		Sec. 104	Staying Quiet after Making Peace
		Sec. 105	Marching after Making War
		Sec. 106	Marching after Making War
		Sec. 107	Marching with other Kings	331
	5	Sec. 108	Considerations about Attack on a Vulnerable King and the Enemy
		Sec. 109	Causes Leading to Decline, Greed and Disaffection among Subjects
		Sec. 110	Confederated Allies	334
	6	Sec. 111	March of two Allied Kings
		Sec. 112	Treaties with Stipulations, without Stipulations and with Deserters	338
	7	Sec. 113	Peace and War Connected with Dual Policy	342
	8	Sec. 114	Conduct of the King about to be Attacked
		Sec. 115	Allies Fit to be Helped	346
	9	Sec. 116	Pacts for Securing an Ally, Money, Land an Undertaking	349
	10	Sec. 116	(Continued)	353
	11	Sec. 116	(Continued)	355
	12	Sec. 116	(Continued)	359
	13	Sec. 117	Considerations about the King Attacking in the Rear	361
	14	Sec. 118	Recoupment of Powers Become Weak	366
	15	Sec. 119	Entrenching Oneself in a Fort in War with a Stronger King
		Sec. 120	Conduct of the King Surrendering with Troops	369
	16	Sec. 121	Conduct of the King Subjugating by Force	372
	17	Sec. 122	The Making of Peace
		Sec. 123	Liberation of the Hostage	375
	18	Sec. 124	Conduct towards the Middle King
		Sec. 125	Conduct Towards the Neutral King
		Sec. 126	Conduct towards the Circle of Kings	380
Book 8	Concerning the Topic of Calamities			385-405
	1	Sec. 127	Calamities of the Constituent Elements	385
	2	Sec. 128	Calamities of the King and Kingship	390
	3	Sec. 129	Vices of Man	393
	4	Sec. 130	Afflictions
		Sec. 131	Hindrances
		Sec. 132	Stoppages of Payment to the Treasury	397
	5	Sec. 133	Calamities of the Army
		Sec. 134	Calamities of the Ally	401
Book 9	The Activity of the King About to March			406-432
	1	Sec. 135	Relative Strength of Powers, Place and Time
		Sec. 136	Seasons for Marching on an Expedition	406
	2	Sec. 137	Employment of Different Troops
		Sec. 138	Enquipping Troops for War
		Sec. 139	Employing Suitable Troops against Enemy Troops	409
	3	Sec. 140	Revolts in the Rear
		Sec. 141	Measures against Risings by Constituents	413
	4	Sec. 142	Consideration of Losses, Expenses and Gains	417
	5	Sec. 143	Dangers from Officers	420
	6	Sec. 144	Dangers from Traitors and Enemies	422
	7	Sec. 145	Dangers with Advantage, Disadvantage and Uncertainty
		Sec. 146	Overcoming Dangers by Different Means	427
Book 10	Concerning War			433-453
	1	Sec. 147	Setting up of the Camp	433
	2	Sec. 148	March from the Camp
		Sec. 149	Guarding Troops during Calamities and at the Time of Attack	435
	3	Sec. 150	Covert Fighting
		Sec. 151	Encouraging the Troops
		Sec. 152	Disposition of Troops	438
	4	Sec. 153	Grounds Suitable for Fighting
		Sec. 154	Functions of Infantry, Cavalry, Chariots and Elephants	442
	5	Sec. 155	Arrangement of Battle-arrays
		Sec. 156	Distribution of Strong and Weak Troops
		Sec. 157	Modes of Fighting of Infantry, Cavalry, Chariots and Elephants	445
	6	Sec. 158	Staff, Snake, Circle and Diffuse Arrays
		Sec. 159	Counter-arrays against Them	450
Book 11	Policy towards Oligarchies			454-459
	1	Sec. 160	The Policty of Showing Dissensions
		Sec. 161	Forms of Silent Punishment	454
Book 12	Concerning the Weaker King			460-473
	1	Sec. 162	The Mission of the Envoy	460
	2	Sec. 163	Fight with the Weapon of Diplomacy
		Sec. 164	Assassination of Army Chiefs	462
	3	Sec. 164	(Continued)
		Sec. 165	Stirring up the Circle of Kings	465
	4	Sec. 166	Secret Use of Weapons, Fire and Poison
		Sec. 167	Destruction of Supplies, Reinforcements and Raids	467
	5	Sec. 168	Overreaching the Enemy by Trickery
		Sec. 169	Overreaching the Force
		Sec. 170	Victory of the Single King	470
Book 13	Means of Taking a Fort			474-493
	1	Sec. 171	Instigation of Sedition	474
	2	Sec. 172	Drawing the Enemy out by Means of Stratagems	477
	3	Sec. 173	Employment of Secret Agents	481
	4	Sec. 174	Laying Siege to a Fort
		Sec. 175	Storming a Fort	485
	5	Sec. 176	Pacification of the Conquered Territory	491
Book 14	Concerning Secret Practices			494-511
	1	Sec. 177	Secret Practices for the Destruction of Enemy Troops	494
	2	Sec. 178	Deceiving through Occult Practices	499
	3	Sec. 178	(Continued)	508
	4	Sec. 179	Counter-measures against Injuries to One's Own Troops	510
Book 15	The Method of the Science			512-516
	1	Sec. 180	Devices Used in the Science	512
Index of Principal Topics				517

PART THREE
A Study

1.	Arthasastra: Scope and Origin	1
2.	The Kautiliya Arthasastra: Content and Form	19
3.	Sources	40
4.	Author and Date	59
5.	The State in Kautilya	116
6.	Society and Social Life	143
7.	State Economy	166
8.	State Administration	194
9.	Law and Administration of Justice	215
10.	Internal Security	232
11.	Defence and External Affairs	244
12.	Concluding Remarks	266
	Bibliography	285
	Word Index	295
	General Index	297

Part-I

Part-II

Part-III

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