The Tantra (Its Origin, Theories, Art and Diffusion from India to Nepal, Tibet, Mongolia, China, Japan and Indonesia)

The Tantra (Its Origin, Theories, Art and Diffusion from India to Nepal, Tibet, Mongolia, China, Japan and Indonesia)

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Book Specification

Item Code: IDE061
Author: Victor M. Fic
Publisher: ABHINAV PUBLICATION
Language: English
Edition: 2003
ISBN: 8170174244
Pages: 108 (Color Illus: 37, B & W Illus: 6, Maps: 2)
Cover: Hardcover
Other Details 11.0" X 8.8"
Weight 780 gm

Book Description

From the Jacket:

The Tantra is a body of theories, techniques and rituals developed in India in antiquity, which has two fundamental aspects. The first aspect of the Tantra is the theory of creation, which posits that the universe has no beginning and no end, and that all its manifestations are merely the projections of divine energy of its Creator. The second aspect of the Tantra is the belief that the performance of Tantrik techniques and rituals facilitates access to this divine energy, enabling their practitioners to empower themselves, as well as empower other associated with them in the guru-disciple relationship. Thus the knowledge and proper application of Tantrik techniques and rituals is believed to harness the Creator's cosmic energies to the promotion of the mundane as well as spiritual goals of their practitioners.

Between the VII and the XII centuries A.D. these theories, rituals and practices spread to other parts of Asia. In these parts their interaction with indigenous traditions of shamanism and other magical cults resulted in potent hybrids. These not only served the personal needs of their practitioners, but were used by the kings of summon the cosmic forces to legitimize their right and power to rule the ancient monarchies. Elaborate and artistically beautiful icons were developed in sculpture, painting, bronze and bas-relief to portray the basic concept of Tantrik theories and various deities of the Hindu and Buddhist pantheons.

This book first explores the origin of the Tantra in India, its development and emergence of various schools of Hindu and Buddhist Tantrism over the centuries. Then it explores their spread from Tantrik universities in Bihar and other centres of Tantrik scholarship and rituals practiced in West Bengal, Orissa and South India at that time to Nepal, Tibet, Mongolia, China, Japan and Indonesia. The coloured Plates illustrate the iconographic presentation of the basic theories and concepts of the Tantra, as well as various deities associated with the pantheons of Hindu and Buddhist Tantrism drawn from different parts of the world.

Some aspects of the Tantra live in many parts of the Eastern and the Western worlds as numerous schools of Yoga, until today. The system of Kundalini Yoga is particularly popular for the attainment of good health, personal well-being, happiness, professional success and other more spiritual needs of modern men and women.

About the Author:

Victor M. Fic (BA, MA, MA, PhD, PhD, Certificate of Russian Institute, Diploma in Indology), Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.

CONTENTS

Preface

7
Foreword by Prof. Lokesh Chandra

13
Plates and Maps

19
CHAPTER 1
THE ORIGIN OF THE TANTRA
The Meaning of the Tantra 23
The Non-Aryan Origin of the Tantra 24

23
CHAPTER II
THE HINDU TANTRA
Theory of Creation 27
Sakti and Its Potencies 28
Maya Creates Illusions 31
Brahma-Cakra: The Cosmic Oscillation 32
Kundalini Yoga Theory 34
Kundalini Yoga Practice 35
Desire and Meditation 36
The Role of Mantras 36
The Role of Yantras 37
Main Schools of Hindu Tantrism 40
27
CHAPTER III
THE BUDDHIST TANTRA
The Origin of Buddhist Tantra 43
The Vajrayana School 45
The Sahajayana 49
The Kalacakrayana 49
The Mantrayana 51
43
CHAPTER IV
INTERACTION OF THE BUDDHIST AND HINDU TANTRAS
The Buddhist Siddhiacaryas 54
The Nath Cult 54
The Vaisnava Sahajayana Cult 54
The Bauls of Bengal 55
53
CHAPTER V
DIFFUSION OF THE HINDU AND BUDDHIST TANTRAS
Evolution of Tantrik Buddhism 57
Diffusion of the Tantra 58
THE NORTHERN ROUTE:
Hindu Tantra: Nepal 58
Buddhist Tantra: Tibet, China, Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Siberia 58
THE SOUTHERN ROUTE:
Hindu and Buddhist Tantra: Sumatra, Java 62
Candi Sukuh: Tantrik Sivaism as Bhima Cult 66
57
NOTES

71
BIBLIOGRAPHY

87
INDEX 103


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